Physical frailty has been longitudinally linked to multiple neurologic disorders but has not yet been extrapolated to epilepsy. The study aimed to investigate the prospective association between physical frailty and incident epilepsy and to explore potential biological processes associated with this relationship. This prospective cohort study included 421,383 UK Biobank participants free of epilepsy, Parkinson disease, dementia, stroke, or migraine at baseline. Physical frailty status was assessed using a modified Fried frailty phenotype model based on 5 components (weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed, and low grip strength) that categorized participants as nonfrail, prefrail, or frail. Incident epilepsy was ascertained through linked health records. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between physical frailty and incident epilepsy. Hypothesis-driven mediation analyses were used to investigate potential biological pathways associated with the frailty-epilepsy association. During a mean follow-up of 13.2 years, 2,752 incident epilepsy cases were identified. Compared with nonfrail individuals, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident epilepsy among those with prefrailty and frailty were 1.29 (1.19-1.40) and 1.81 (1.54-2.13), respectively. Among the 5 frailty components, slow gait speed (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.29-1.65), low grip strength (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.08-1.32), exhaustion (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.06-1.32), and weight loss (HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06-1.29) were associated with higher hazards of incident epilepsy. Biomarker analyses observed that blood biomarkers reflecting liver and kidney function, immune-inflammatory response, endocrine activity, and hematologic profiles were associated with both frailty and incident epilepsy and may collectively explain approximately 18.57% (95% CI 13.18%-26.83%) of the frailty-epilepsy association. In addition, several metabolically related biomarkers, involving lipoprotein particle size, amino acids, ketone bodies, total lipids, and triglycerides, were identified as potential contributors. Physical frailty was associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy in this prospective cohort. Biomarker analyses provided preliminary insights into biological domains potentially related to this association, including organ function, inflammation, endocrine regulation, hematologic status, and metabolic homeostasis.

To assess pediatric clinician knowledge of physical activity recommendations, their approach to physical activity counseling, and their interest in a structured academic fitness program for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Electronic questionnaire was developed by cardiovascular, psychology, and exercise physiology collaborators at an academic children's hospital. Regional pediatric clinicians across an urban and rural catchment area were anonymously surveyed. Subgroup differences were assessed using Student's t test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression. Survey response rate was 22% (78/351), including 60 general and 18 subspecialty clinicians, half of which (49%) are in rural practice. Over 80% reported general knowledge of physical and psychological benefits of physical activity, although only 49% were aware of specific physical activity recommendations for CYSHCN. Most (90%) perceive that CYSHCN participate in physical activity less than age-matched peers but only 55% routinely discuss physical activity recommendations. Clinicians who report exercising ≥ 4days per week are more likely to discuss physical activity with their patients (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.06-7.13; p = 0.038). Nearly, all (95%) clinicians supported development of a dedicated academic cardiometabolic exercise program for CYSHCN. Clinicians identified time commitment (89%), transportation (84%), insurance (79%), and differing interest levels of patients/families (43%) as potential participation barriers. While most clinicians are aware that physical activity benefits CYSHCN, clinical knowledge gaps exist regarding appropriate recommendations and counseling. Physical activity practices of healthcare professionals may be associated with frequency of patient counseling. Development of structured physical activity programs for CYSHCN should seek to improve knowledge and counseling, include clinicians as physical activity role models, and limit participation barriers.

Few people with knee osteoarthritis meet the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines, and knowledge of guidelines in this population is not well known. We examined (i) baseline knowledge of physical activity guidelines in people with knee osteoarthritis; (ii) change in knowledge following participation in an education and exercise therapy programme; and (iii) its association with programme adherence and physical activity participation. An observational cohort pre-post study including 1470 participants with knee osteoarthritis (72% female) from the Good Life with osteoArthritis from Denmark (GLA:D) Australia registry. Five multiple-choice questions assessed knowledge of the WHO physical activity guidelines at baseline and at 3 months post baseline. Programme adherence was self-reported and physical activity participation was assessed using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) physical activity scale. Changes in overall knowledge score were assessed through the Wilcoxon test and changes within individual questions were assessed with McNemar's tests. Associations between variables were assessed using Spearman's correlations. The median physical activity knowledge score was 2/5 [IQR 1, 2] correct responses at both baseline and follow-up without change between time points (p=0.080). Follow-up physical activity knowledge score was not associated with physical activity participation (rs=0.020) or programme adherence (rs=0.060). 61% of participants attended a minimum of 10 exercise and 2 education sessions. Knowledge of physical activity guidelines is limited among people with knee osteoarthritis and does not appear to change following participation in an education and exercise therapy programme. This large study indicates that physical activity knowledge may not drive physical activity behaviour in people with knee osteoarthritis.

As conventional physical activity contexts are often male-dominated, cis-heteronormative, and uphold narrow Western beauty ideals, they contribute to the stigmatization and exclusion of LGBTQIA+ individuals. Queer women may be particularly at risk, as they report the lowest rates of physical activity participation, compared to other LGBTQIA+ groups. To address this equity concern in physical activity, this study explored the relationship between queer women's body image and physical activity experiences. Participants (N = 70) engaged in virtual focus groups discussing their lived experiences and intersections of queer identity, body image, and physical activity. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were identified to illustrate their experiences: The Queer Woman's Body is Political; (in)Visibility of Sexual and Gender Identity in Physical Activity; Hypervigilance to Maintain Safety and Avoid Gender-Based Violence; and Longing for Spaces that Foster Safety, Belonging, and Connection. Participant narratives illustrated the nuanced ways in which body image, gender, and sexuality marginalization intersect to shape physical activity engagement and experiences. This research underscores the urgent need for inclusive, queer affirming physical activity environments that prioritize psychological safety, belonging, and social connection, to support sustained participation and positive experiences.

Relationship between mild cognitive decline and physical activity in patients with heart disease.

Physical activity patterns and chronic kidney disease risk: a 5-year study in stage 1 cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

Bidirectional associations between socioeconomic status, physical activity, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: A cross-lagged prospective cohort study.

Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and the postpartum period improves maternal and child health. However, there are no guidelines for Germany and it is not known to what extent midwives are informed about international PA guidelines. This study aimed to characterise midwives' beliefs, current practices, and knowledge of recommendations on PA during pregnancy and the postpartum period. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among practising midwives (n=311) from May to August 2023. Data were descriptively analysed to characterize midwives' beliefs, current practices, and knowledge about PA, including awareness of international PA recommendations. Most midwives recognised the importance of PA and believed in the importance of their counselling. However, midwives' current practices and recommendations on PA varied widely. Only 16.1% of the midwives reported being aware of international PA guidelines during pregnancy and 5.8% during the postpartum period. Midwives are in a key position to influence maternal and child health, but their knowledge and guidance on PA recommendations leave room for improvement. This highlights the importance of optimized education and training in this area.

• Frequent leisure activity is associated with better physical and mental health. • Social and mindfulness activities are especially tied to mental health benefits. • Physical activities show the strongest association with physical health outcomes. • Sedentary activities negatively correlate with physical health. • Activity diversity offers no added health benefits beyond activity frequency. Engagement in leisure activities has been linked to improved mental and physical health. However, the extent to which different aspects of these activities (i.e., frequency, diversity, type) are associated with health in large-scale studies remains unclear. Drawing on comprehensive nationwide pandemic-era data, this study examined associations between the frequency and diversity of leisure activities and self-perceived health, and whether specific activity domains have stronger associations with physical or mental health. Data were drawn from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, including responses from 2,037 adults. Activity frequency and diversity were assessed across six domains: physical, social, cognitive, mindfulness, volunteer, and other activities. Ordered logistic regression was used to model associations between activities and self-perceived physical and mental health, adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors. Overall activity frequency was positively associated with physical and mental health. Social and mindfulness activities were more strongly associated with mental health, while physical activities were more strongly correlated with physical health. Other, more sedentary activities, were inversely associated with physical health. Activity diversity was not associated with health beyond frequency. Findings highlight the importance of active pursuits and suggest type and frequency of activities, rather than diversity, are associated with health.

The effect of vigorous physical activity on the incidence of kidney cancer.

The apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, is associated with early atrophy in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. Whether physical activity can mitigate this atrophy in high-risk APOE ε4 carriers remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether physical activity can reduce such neurodegenerative changes in older adults carrying this allele. This 10-year longitudinal study included 295 community-dwelling older adults (154 men and 141 women; age ≥65 years). Baseline physical activity was measured using accelerometers and analyzed according to activity intensity. Participants were categorized as APOE ε4 carriers or non-carriers. Volumes of the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex were assessed using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging. Sex-stratified linear mixed models examined the interaction between physical activity and APOE ε4 status on brain volume changes, adjusting for relevant covariates. The moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) × APOE ε4 × year effect in women's left precuneus was significant unadjusted but not after false discovery rate (FDR; 16 models) and exploratory. Left precuneus volume declined significantly over 10 years regardless of MVPA level or APOE ε4 genotype (each p < 0.0001). However, among APOE ε4 carriers, greater time spent in MVPA slowed the rate of volume decline. No similar effect was observed in men. Higher habitual MVPA may be associated with slower left precuneus decline in APOE ε4-positive women. As this exploratory three‑way effect was FDR‑nonsignificant, targeted replication is needed to clarify the role of everyday activity in genetically vulnerable groups.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity Is Associated With Reduced Risks of Mortality in Adults With General or Abdominal Obesity in Mexico.

Associations of mortality with leisure-time physical activity and sitting time in postmenopausal women: Insights from NHANES.

This study examines how physical activity and sedentary behavior influence sleep disturbances in OA patients, with inflammation potentially mediating these effects. Data related to OA, sleep disorders, sleep quality, inflammatory markers, physical activity and sedentary behavior from 4386 adults were collected from the NHANES. Mediation analysis evaluated inflammation's role. Sedentary behavior increased sleep disorder risk in OA patients, while physical activity was protective. Inflammatory markers (notably CRP and NLR) mediated 5.3 %-17.9 % of the association between OA and sleep disorders. Physical activity's protective effect was stronger in highly sedentary individuals. Reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity may improve sleep in OA, potentially via inflammatory pathways. Further longitudinal research is warranted.

The association between physical activity and assisted care use among Chinese older adults.

French physical activity perception questionnaire for chronic low back pain: development and preliminary validation.

Mobile phone addiction and social anxiety among nursing students during internship: The longitudinal mediating role of physical activity and social adaptability in mental health promotion.

Midwife-led guidance on daily steps and physical activity to improve sleep quality in the third trimester of pregnancy: An examination of its rationale.

Chronic musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) are a leading cause of disability, and outdoor physical activity (PA) has been proposed as a setting that may facilitate PA engagement. To report immediate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), pain, physical function, physical activity, and mental well-being following an outdoor PA intervention in people with MSD, and to explore whether changes vary depending on the underlying MSD. This prospective cohort study included 925 adults (mean age: 65 years; 93% female) with MSD who participated in a 12-week, once weekly, 60-min outdoor group-based PA program in Denmark. Sessions were led by trained volunteer instructors and consisted of PA, complemented by mental exercises in natural environments, including parks and urban areas. Pre- and immediately post-intervention data were collected using questionnaires and performance-based physical tests. Outcomes included EQ-5D-5L (HRQOL), visual analogue scale (pain), WHO-5 (mental well-being), UCLA activity score (physical activity), and 40-meter walk and 30-second chair stand tests (physical function). Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess changes and compare subgroups. In the total cohort, significant improvement was observed only in HRQOL (mean score change: 0.01, P = 0.003). In a subsample with performance-based physical test data (n = 361), participants improved in walking speed (mean score change: +0.13 m/s, P ˂ 0.001) and chair stands (mean score change: +2.9 repetitions, P ˂ 0.001). Participants with inflammatory or degenerative spine-related diseases tended to report less favorable outcomes post-intervention than participants without these diseases. The OUTPAC study found no mean improvement in most self-reported outcomes, aside from small, significant improvements in HRQOL from the low-dose outdoor PA intervention. Performance-based physical tests showed significant improvements in a subsample, and higher attendance was associated with better HRQOL and mental well-being. Secondarily, participants with degenerative or spine-related diseases responded less favorably. Future research should improve data collection, increase exercise dose, and explore differences across MSD subtypes through high-quality randomized controlled trials. Danish Data Protection Agency (REG-147-2021).

Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors after hypertensive pregnancy complications.