Exercise Training Sessions Research Articles

Multimodal prehabilitation improves functional capacity in patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery

ObjectivePrehabilitation, defined as the preparatory intervention to increase patient preparedness in the lead-up to surgery, has shown a decrease in post-operative complications in various types of surgery. However, there is...

The association of mental health with physical activity and its dimensions in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study.

Selecting the most efficient type of physical activity that improves mental health can assist in choosing appropriate interventions. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between physical activity and its various aspects, including weekly physical activity, weekly walking and exercise sessions, and the frequency of walking and exercise per week, with the mental health of Chinese adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Hangzhou (2023) involving 512 adults aged 18 and 64. Each participant received a self-completed questionnaire comprising three sections. The initial section focused on gathering basic information about the participants, such as gender, age, annual income, and marital status. The second section consisted of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), which aimed to evaluate the mental health status of the participants. Lastly, the third section included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Version (IPAQ-SV), which assessed the metabolic equivalent (MET) of activities like walking, moderate-intensity exercises, and high-intensity exercises. The study found that mental health problems affected 25.74% of adults, while physical inactivity was prevalent in 49.63% of adults. The statistical model was highly significant (F = 25.143, p < 0.001), suggesting that at least one predictor has a significant impact on mental health. The model accounted for 39% of the variance in mental health, with all variables showing predictive value. Notably, the number of walking days per week emerged as the most influential predictor of mental health (β = -0.392), followed by level of weekly physical activity in MET, the number of exercise training sessions per week, weekly exercise training in MET, and weekly walking in MET (β = -0.312, -0.301, -0.212, and -0.202, respectively). Adults can allocate more days per week to walking and their usual physical activity to improve their mental health.

The Effect of a Single Session of Preoperative Exercise Training on The Rate of Functional Improvement in Patients Who Underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The Effect of a Single Session of Preoperative Exercise Training on The Rate of Functional Improvement in Patients Who Underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Efficacy of Self-Natural Posture Exercise (SNPE) programs on chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled feasibility trial with waitlist control.

Low back pain (LBP) is a significant source of disability and decreased quality of life. The Self-Natural Posture Exercise (SNPE) intervention can be used effectively in many cases, but feasibility and impact has not been fully explored. The current study explores the feasibility and efficacy of face-to-face (FtF) and virtual (Vir) SNPE programs on chronic low back pain. This is a randomized single-blinded waitlist control study with 10participants in the FtF group (age 45.8 ± 2.89) and 9 in the Vir group (age 52.2 ± 2.3). Participants had low to moderate low back pain for > 3months. Those who would eventually become the Vir group served initially as a waitlist control (Con) group. The FtF group received 12weeks of in-person exercise training sessions conducted and the Vir group received weekly recorded training videos created by and featuring the same instructor. Measured outcomes included feasibility assessed by rate of retention and rate of attendance, level of low back pain (Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analogue Scale), quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey 1.0), muscular pressure pain threshold, and muscle tone. Analysis was done via repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests. Rates of retention were 80% in the FtF group and 78% in the Vir group. Attendance rates were 88% in the FtF group and 60% in the Vir group. ODI, VAS, and some SF-36 domains improved in both the FtF and Vir groups. Overall, the FtF group improved in more domains and by a larger degree than the Vir group and both groups improved relative to Con. A 12-week SNPE program, done virtually or in person, shows promise in improving ODI, VAS, and some SF-36 domains. FtF appears to be more effective. Future studies would benefit from sampling a larger and more diverse population.

MR Assessment of Acute Changes of Cerebral Perfusion, Metabolism, and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Response to Aerobic Exercise.

It remains unclear how a single bout of exercise affects brain perfusion, oxygen metabolism, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Addressing this unresolved issue is essential to understand the acute changes in cerebral physiology induced by aerobic exercise. To dynamically monitor the acute changes in cerebral physiology subsequent to a single aerobic exercise training session using noninvasive MRI measurements. Prospective. Twenty-three healthy participants (18-35 years, 10 females/13 males) were enrolled and divided into 10-minute exercising (N = 10) and 20-minute exercising (N = 13) groups. 3.0 T/Phase Contrast (PC) MRI (gradient echo), T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (TRUST) MRI (gradient echo EPI), Water-Extraction-with-Phase-Contrast-Arterial-Spin-Tagging (WEPCAST) MRI (gradient echo EPI) and T1-weighted magnetization-prepared-rapid-acquisition-of-gradient-echo (MPRAGE) (gradient echo). A baseline MR measurement plus four repeated MR measurements immediately after 10 or 20 minutes moderate running exercise. MR measurements included cerebral blood flow (CBF) as measured by PC MRI, venous oxygenation (Yv) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) as assessed by TRUST MRI, water extraction fraction (E), and BBB permeability-surface-area product (PS) as determined by WEPCAST MRI. The time dependence of the physiological parameters was studied with a linear mixed-effect model. Additionally, pairwise t-tests comparison of the physiological parameters at each time point was conducted. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was an initial drop (8.22 ± 2.60%) followed by a recovery in CBF after exercise, while Yv revealed a significant decrease (6.37 ± 0.92%), i.e., an increased oxygen extraction, and returned to baseline at later time points. CMRO2 showed a trend of increase (5.68 ± 3.04%) and a significant interaction between time and group. In addition, E increased significantly (3.86% ± 0.89) and returned to baseline level at later time points, while PS remained elevated (13.33 ± 4.79%). A single bout of moderate aerobic exercise can induce acute alterations in cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and BBB permeability. 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

The PAD-adapted 30-20-10 during Nordic walking: A new exercise training session in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a peripheral artery disease (PAD)-adapted 30-20-10 Nordic walking session in patients with symptomatic PAD and to compare the cardiovascular response of this new training session to a traditional walking (TW) and 4 × 4 minutes Nordic walking session. This is a prospective observational study. Patients with Fontaine stage II PAD were included. Patients participated in Nordic walking sessions, which were randomly assigned as TW, 4 × 4 minute intervals, and peripheral artery disease adapted 30-20-10 exercise session (PAD-adapted 30-20-10 sessions). PAD-adapted 30-20-10 and 4 × 4 minutes sessions consisted of 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of effort followed by 3 minutes of passive recovery. PAD-adapted 30-20-10 session was characterized by 4 continuous 1-min repetitions at 3 different walking speeds [high (30 seconds), moderate (20 seconds) and low (10 seconds)]. During the 4 × 4 minutes session, patients were asked to cover the maximal distance at a constant speed. During TW session, patients were asked to walk at a speed inducing moderate-to-severe claudication pain. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and claudication pain intensity using a visual analog scale were assessed. The perceived enjoyment of each session was assessed using a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (not enjoyable) to 10 (very enjoyable). Eleven patients with chronic symptomatic PAD were included (62 ± 13 years; 54% women). The mean heart rate during the time of effort was significantly higher in PAD-adapted 30-20-10 group than in 4 × 4 minutes and TW groups (127 ± 12, 122 ± 12, 114 ± 11 bpm, respectively; P ≤ .001). The mean rating of perceived exertion (16 ± 1, 15 ± 1, 13 ± 1; P ≤ .001) and claudication pain intensity (8 ± 1, 7 ± 1; 7 ± 1 mm; P ≤ .019) were significantly higher during PAD-adapted 30-20-10 sessions than during 4 × 4 minutes and TW sessions. The perceived enjoyment was similar among sessions (8.7 ± 1.6 for TW, 8.6 ± 1.7 for 4 × 4 minutes, and 8.8 ± 1.8 mm for PAD-adapted 30-20-10 sessions; P = .935). The PAD-adapted 30-20-10 session is feasible and induces higher cardiovascular stimulation and claudication pain than 4 × 4 minutes and TW procedures in patients with symptomatic PAD. Despite these different responses, a similar perceived enjoyment among the sessions has been shown. Future investigations are needed to examine the effects of this new training session in these patients.

Effects of volume-matched once-weekly and thrice-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body adiposity in adults with central obesity: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the comparative effects of 75 min of volume-matched once-weekly and thrice-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body adiposity in adults with central obesity. MethodsThis assessor-blinded, three-arm, randomized controlled trial will recruit 315 physically inactive adults with central obesity (aged ≥18 years, body mass index ≥23, waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women). Participants will be randomly allocated to the once-weekly HIIT, thrice-weekly HIIT or usual care control group. Participants in the HIIT groups will receive weekly exercise training sessions for 16 weeks, prescribed either once or three times weekly. Each HIIT session will consist of a supervised program of four 4-min high-intensity intervals at 85%–95% peak heart rate (HRpeak) interspersed with 3-min active recovery intervals at 50%–70% HRpeak. Participants in the once-weekly HIIT group will perform the 25-min HIIT bout three times with a break between each 25-min HIIT bout. The usual care control group will receive bi-weekly health education classes. The outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline, 16 weeks (post-intervention) and 32 weeks (follow-up). The primary outcome will be total body adiposity assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The secondary outcome measures will include markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and blood lipids), mental health, cognitive performance, health-related quality of life, sleep quality, habitual physical activity, diet, medication, adverse events and adherence to the intervention. Impact of the projectThe findings from this study are expected to consolidate the therapeutic efficacy of HIIT for the management of central obesity and inform the comparative compliance, feasibility and suitability of once-weekly and thrice-weekly HIIT as exercise strategies to manage obesity. In particular, the present study is expected to provide a novel perspective on the utility of low-frequency HIIT (i.e., once-weekly) as an effective and sustainable exercise strategy to tackle the obesity pandemic. The anticipated findings will hold substantial translational value by informing public health policies and enhancing exercise compliance in the physically inactive obese population. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04887454).

The effectiveness of video-based exercise training program for people with intellectual disability: a multicenter study.

To examine the effectiveness of a specially designed video-based exercise program in promoting physical and balance performance in people with intellectual disability. This study was a multicenter controlled trial. Participants with intellectual disability were divided into exercise group and control group by cluster sampling. The participants in the exercise group received 1 h exercise training sessions twice a week for 8 weeks, and the controls continued their usual care without exercise training. The exercises were specially designed to match the physical ability level of the participants classified as high and low, and a third group called "special" was designed for those wheelchair-bound persons with limited mobility. Elements of light-tempo music and animation were introduced in the videos to motivate the participants. Recording the exercises in video format makes it easier for the class instructors and participants to perform the exercises together, and ensure consistency across different exercise groups conducted in different centers. Each participant underwent the pre- and post-intervention assessment including 30-s chair stand repetitions, five-time chair stand duration, 4-m comfortable walk time, standing static balance level, 6-min walk test, and short physical performance battery score. These variables were compared within each group at pre- and post-intervention stages, and they were also compared between the two groups. A total of 180 participants were enrolled in 16 subcenters, including 160 participants in the exercise group and 20 participants in the control group. After 8 weeks of exercise training, there were significant improvements in their physical performance including 30-s chair stand repetitions and five-time chair stand duration, 4-m comfortable walk time and also 6-min walk test, within the exercise group (all P < 0.05). Approximately 39% of the participants in the exercise group also showed significant improvement in standing static balance level. No significant differences were found when compared with the control group participants who did not have any regular exercise participation. A specially designed video-based exercise program has demonstrated some positive effects on physical and balance performance after 8 weeks of training among adults with intellectual disability.

Genomic and epigenomic changes by low force electrically induced exercise of human paralyzed muscle

Musculoskeletal deterioration following complete paralysis, such as after a spinal cord injury, results in osteoporotic bone and atrophic, glycolytic, and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. Decreased bone integrity can be overloaded with very little force; therefore, high force contractions should be avoided in people with long-term spinal cord injury. Together, these changes compromise systemic metabolism for people with SCI and contribute to the development of secondary non-communicable diseases. Electrically induced exercise training offers a unique strategy to ensure full muscle recruitment without high force levels by using high current intensity and a low stimulation frequency (&lt;5Hz) to prevent force summation of stimulus pulses. While acute epigenomic and genomic changes have been found with this low force exercise method; how long-term training affects skeletal muscle and systemic biomarkers of health remains unknown. Purpose: We seek to determine the long-term genomic and epigenomic response of low-force electrically induced exercise in paralyzed skeletal muscle. Methods: 10 males with a complete SCI completed at least 6-months of unilateral electrically induced exercise training using low-force (3Hz) stimulation. Participants completed at least 5 exercise training sessions per week for at least 6-months. A muscle fatigue assessment and fasting venous blood draw were performed before and after training. Percutaneous muscle biopsies were obtained from a trained and untrained vastus lateralis. Gene expression was measured using the Affymetrix HTA 2.0 array and epigenomic expression was measured using Illumina’s MethylEPIC array. Parametric tests were used to compare pre and post training. All participants provided written consent approved by the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: Participants maintained a high compliance by completing 119±19% of the training sessions for 7.2±1.2 months. There was a 115±34% change improvement of the fatigue index after training (p=0.002). Serum concentrations of insulin, hsCRP, and myostatin were decreased by 43±8% (p=0.155), 26±8%(p=0.047), 35±9%(p=0.098) after exercise training, respectively. Serum BDNF increased by 68±14%(p=0.093) after exercise training. There was a strong correlation between the primary principal component and the trained limb (R2=0.20, p=0.046). There were 693 and 671 genes to be significantly up or down regulated after exercise training (FDR &lt; 0.05). Of the genes most responsive to exercise training, MYH6, MYH7, and MYL3 were increased in expression and decreased in median methylation. MSTN and ACTN3 were decreased in genomic expression with an increase in median methylation after exercise training. Conclusions: Low-force electrically induced exercise training improved fatigability, a muscle oxidative phenotype transition, and improved serum biomarkers associated with metabolism and inflammation. Together, these data highlight the impact low-force electrically induced exercise can have on paralyzed muscle and is suggestive that this rehabilitation strategy may provide benefits for people living with paralysis. Research Support: This study was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: R01HD084645, R01HD082109. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effects of chronic inspiratory muscle strength training on metabolic and cardiovascular measures during a glucose tolerance test

Previous work has shown that both a single session of aerobic exercise and chronic exercise training improve glucose homeostasis. Similarly, a single bout of inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) has been shown to facilitate a greater degree of glycemic control. However, less is known about the chronic effects of IMST, particularly with respect to metabolic and cardiovascular responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We hypothesized that 6 weeks of IMST would promote a greater degree of glycemic control, via a reduction in fasting and peak glucose during an OGTT. To test this hypothesis, participants (n=14, 57% female, average age=21.9) completed 6 weeks of daily training at either 15% (n=7) or 75% (n=7) of their maximal inspiratory pressure. Each subject underwent a pre-IMST glucose tolerance test in which their blood glucose level, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes following glucose ingestion. A post-IMST glucose tolerance test was completed after 6 weeks of training. The results indicate no training effect on baseline glucose, peak glucose, 90-minutes post-glucose, or glucose area under the curve responses, for both training intensities (P&gt;0.05). There was no significant effect of IMST on heart rate, nor was heart rate altered during the OGTT (P&gt;0.5). While mean arterial pressure was not affected during the OGTT (P&gt;0.05), baseline mean arterial pressure decreased in the 75% intensity group only (P=0.012). In summary, 6 weeks of high-intensity IMST decreases baseline blood pressure, and glucose tolerance was unaffected in both training groups. Future studies should investigate the effects of chronic IMST on other metabolic measures (e.g. lipids, triglycerides, and/or cholesterol levels) and the impact that this training has on glucose homeostasis in clinical populations. This work was supported by the Alma College CORE Summer Research Program. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Background and Self-selected Music Listening in Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs

Purpose: Music is recognized as a useful distractor from unpleasant symptoms during exercise and provides motivation; however, little is known about its application during pulmonary or cardiac rehabilitation programs, including its use, genres, and influences on genre selection. This study aimed to determine the current practice of background and self-selected music listening during exercise training in pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation programs in Australia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, using 2 anonymous, electronic surveys. Participants were program contacts (clinicians) listed on national databases. Results: There were 17 of 100 (17%) and 31 of 250 (12%) respondents for pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation programs, respectively. A total of 15 respondents (88%) reported using background music for pulmonary rehabilitation, whereas 29 respondents (94%) reported using background music for cardiac rehabilitation. Clinicians and participants had input into the selection of background music genres. Background music was preferentially upbeat and energizing, selected to motivate participants. Use of self-selected music listening by participants for individual use was uncommon in pulmonary (24%) and cardiac rehabilitation (32%). Conclusions: Background music is played during exercise training sessions within a limited proportion of pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation programs surveyed in Australia. A wide range of genres were applied in background music listening, with selections predominantly based on their potential to motivate participants to exercise. There is little use of self-selected, individualized music listening among participants in these environments.

Short-duration aerobic high-intensity intervals versus moderate exercise training intensity in patients with peripheral artery disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the Angiof-HIIT Study)

IntroductionSupervised exercise training is among the first-line therapies for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Current recommendations for exercise include guidance focusing on claudication pain, programme and session duration, and...

Acute effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on haemostasis in patients with coronary artery disease

Exercise training is associated with an acute net increase in coagulation, which may increase the risk of atherothrombosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We sought to compare the acute haemostatic effects of a bout of moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with CAD. Patients after a recent myocardial infarction were randomized into a HIIT or MICT session of exercise training on a stationary bike. Blood was sampled at baseline, after the exercise bout and after a one-hour resting period. We measured overall haemostatic potential (OHP), overall coagulation potential (OCP), fibrinogen, D-dimer and von Willebrand factor (vWF) and calculated overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP). Linear mixed models for repeated measures were constructed to assess the treatment effect. A total of 117 patients were included. OCP, OHP, fibrinogen, D-dimer and vWF significantly increased after exercise and returned to baseline after a one-hour rest, OFP decreased after exercise and returned to baseline levels after a one-hour rest. Linear mixed models showed a significant difference between HIIT and MICT in fibrinogen (p 0.043) and D-dimer (p 0.042). Our study has shown that an exercise bout is associated with a transient procoagulant state in patients with CAD, with similar exercise-induced haemostatic changes for HIIT and MICT.

Exercise prescription variables predict reductions in pain intensity in adults with chronic low back pain: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial

ObjectivesThe relationship between exercise training variables and clinical outcomes in low back pain (LBP) is unclear. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between exercise training parameters and pain...

No immediate change in systemic cytokines following an eccentric muscle training session in people with multiple sclerosis.

Eccentric muscle contractions elicit distinct physiological responses, including modulation of the cytokine profile. Although relevant for rehabilitation, the effect of eccentric muscle training on the immune system has never been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Examine the immediate cytokine response of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after a moderate eccentric training session in individuals with MS. Additionally, further investigate the association between systemic cytokine levels at rest and clinical measures of mobility and lower limb functional strength. Observational study. The first session included blood sampling for baseline cytokine measures. Subsequently, the participant completed a battery of clinical assessments related to mobility and lower limb strength, that is, the Timed-Up-and-Go Test, Five-Repetition-Sit-to-Stand-Test (5STS), Four-Square-Step-Test, and Two-Minute-Walk-Test. The second session included the eccentric exercise training session, followed by a second blood sampling to assess the acute cytokine response to the eccentric training bout. This session comprised 10 exercises concentrating on the strength of the trunk and lower extremities. Twenty-seven people with MS (pwMS), with a mean age of 40.1 years, participated in the study. No difference was demonstrated in the cytokine concentration values between baseline and immediately after the eccentric training session. The 5STS explained 30.3% of the variance associated with interferon-gamma, 14.8% with IL-4, and 13.8% with IL-10. An eccentric training bout does not impact cytokine concentration in the blood and, consequently, does not boost a pro-inflammatory response, thus, it can be performed on pwMS in a rehabilitation setting.

Adherence to Exercise Training and Physical Function in Older Adults Diagnosed with Knee Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) provokes pain, muscle weakness, and consequent impairment in activities of daily living. On the other hand, adherence to exercise training (ET) is associated with the attenuation of the impairments. The aims of the present study were to a) investigate adherence to ET in older adults with KOA diagnosed attending public service; and b) to analyze the physical function of the older adults with KOA who did not adhere to the ET in public service. The adherence to ET programs was analyzed retrospectively from each patient's date of KOA diagnosis. After assessing the adherence to ET, the physical function of these older adults diagnosed with KOA (n=19) was analyzed and compared with another group composed of asymptomatic sedentary older adults without evidence of KOA (ASKOA) (n=17). Although all older adults with KOA received guidelines to practice ET, only 58% were able to start a program. Additionally, 100% of the sample could not perform ET uninterruptedly. According to the findings, close to 80% of older adults had difficulties scheduling ET sessions in public places. Subjects with KOA (12.1±3.1; IC95%:10.6-13.6) had worse lower limb functional capacity than ASKOA (8.1±1.0; IC95%:7.6-8.6; p<.001; δ=4.0 sec; d=1.7). Likewise, they had a lower dynamic balance than KOA (12.4±2.7; IC95%:11.1-13.7 vs. 8.0±1.1; IC95%:7.4-8.6; p<.001; δ=4.4 sec; d=2.1). The investigated sample has a lack of ET adherence by difficulties in scheduling ET sessions in public places. In addition, it demonstrated impairment in physical function in older adults with KOA.

Relationship Between Number of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training Sessions, Muscle Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Rural Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease [Letter

Relationship Between Number of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training Sessions, Muscle Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Rural Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease [Letter

Relationship Between Number of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training Sessions, Muscle Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Rural Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

This study aimed to compare the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise program on skeletal muscle index (SMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients aged ≥65 years. From January 2012 to December 2021, patients living in rural regions aged ≥65 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and at least one CR exercise session were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients who underwent an exercise tolerance test (ETT) at initial and 3-month follow-ups. A total of 36 patients were enrolled who underwent a mean of 6.56 exercise sessions and were divided into groups based on the number of center-based CR (CBCR) sessions: 14 in Group A (≥7 sessions) and 22 in Group B (<7 sessions). In CBCR session, we comprehensively counseled them about their nutrition, smoking cessation et al. Both groups underwent an ETT after 12 weeks. The outcomes were CRF parameters examined by a cardiorespiratory exercise test and the SMI examined by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The number of exercise sessions was significantly correlated with the rate of SMI change. Group A showed significant increases in metabolic equivalent of task (MET), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and SMI after 3 months. There were significant differences in the rates of change in MET, VO2max, and SMI between the two groups. CRF significantly improved in Group A in a short period. Further studies are required to increase long-term CBCR adherence in elderly patients with AMI in rural regions.

An online home-based exercise program improves autonomic dysfunction in breast cancer survivors.

Introduction: Exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors have proved their potential to improve clinical, physical, and psychosocial outcomes. However, limited studies have explored exercise effects on autonomic dysfunction and the measurement of exercise tolerance and progression through daily heart rate variability (HRV). Purpose: To analyze the effects of a 16-wk exercise intervention on the autonomic modulation of breast cancer survivors, as well as to examine the evolution of daily measured HRV and its interaction with exercise sessions in this population. Methods: A total of 29 patients who had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy were randomly assigned to the exercise group or to the control group. The exercise intervention was delivered remotely through online meetings and consisted of supervised training resistance and cardiovascular exercise 3 times per week. During the intervention all patients measured their HRV daily obtaining the napierian logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (lnrMSSD) and the napierian logarithm of the standard deviation of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (lnSDNN) values at four moments: day 0 (the morning of the training sessions), 24, 48, and 72h after exercise. Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between group and months during the intervention period for lnrMSSD and lnSDNN (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were significant differences in lnSDNN recovery time between months (p < 0.05), while differences in lnrMSSD become apparent only 24h after exercise (p = 0.019). The control group experienced a significant decrease in both variables monthly (p < 0.05) while exercise group experienced a significant increment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HRV is daily affected by exercise training sessions in cancer patients. Although results strongly support the role of exercise as a post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy rehabilitation strategy for breast cancer survivors to improve autonomic imbalance, further research is necessary to validate these initial findings.

Both moderate- and high-intensity exercise training increase intramyocellular lipid droplet abundance and modify myocellular distribution in adults with obesity.

Exercise training modifies lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, but the effect of exercise training on intramyocellular lipid droplet (LD) abundance, size, and intracellular distribution in adults with obesity remains elusive. This study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with more conventional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intramyocellular lipid content, as well as LD characteristics (size and number) and abundance within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) regions of type I and type II skeletal muscle fibers in adults with obesity. Thirty-six adults with obesity [body mass index (BMI) = 33 ± 3 kg/m2] completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of either HIIT (10 × 1 min, 90% HRmax + 1-min active recovery; n = 19) or MICT (45-min steady-state exercise, 70% HRmax; n = 17), while on a weight-maintaining diet throughout training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis before and after training, and intramyocellular lipid content and intracellular LD distribution were measured by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both MICT and HIIT increased total intramyocellular lipid content by more than 50% (P < 0.01), which was attributed to a greater LD number per µm2 in the IMF region of both type I and type II muscle fibers (P < 0.01). Our findings also suggest that LD lipophagy (autophagy-mediated LD degradation) may be transiently upregulated the day after the last exercise training session (P < 0.02 for both MICT and HIIT). In summary, exercise programs for adults with obesity involving either MICT or HIIT increased skeletal muscle LD abundance via a greater number of LDs in the IMF region of the myocyte, thereby providing more lipid in close proximity to the site of energy production during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, 12 wk of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhanced skeletal muscle lipid abundance by increasing lipid droplet number within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) region of muscle. Because the IMF associates with high energy production during muscle contraction, this adaptation may enhance lipid oxidation during exercise. Despite differences in training intensity and energy expenditure between MICT and HIIT, their effects on muscle lipid abundance and metabolism were remarkably similar.