Exercise Self-efficacy Research Articles

A quasi-experimental study on couple-based exercise program improving cardiac rehabilitation exercise compliance in post-PCI patients.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) helps treat coronary artery disease but only provides short-term relief and doesn't stop disease progression. Exercise rehabilitation can improve outcomes for patients after PCI and lower the risk of death and new heart problems, but many patients struggle to stick with their exercise routines. Spouses play a crucial role in supporting patients and helping them stay committed to their rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a couple-based exercise program in improving exercise adherence among post-PCI patients. This study used a quasi-experimental design, 70 dyads were recruited for a 12-week investigation. Participants were divided into an intervention group to receive the Couple-Based exercise program and a control ensemble for conventional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. The primary parameter under examination was exercise adherence. Secondary endpoints encompass exercise self-efficacy, the 6-minute walk test, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Data were harvested at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks). Following a three-month monitoring period, noticeable differences were observed in the Couples exercise group compared to the control group in the realms of exercise adherence, exercise self-efficacy, the 6-minute walk test, and anxiety-depression indices (P < 0.05). A couple-based exercise program developed based on a developmental-contextual framework improves exercise adherence and exercise self-efficacy, enhances cardiac function and exercise capacity, and improves anxiety and depression in post-coronary arteriography patients. This approach is likely to be an effective way to improve rehabilitation outcomes, leading to the broader goal of improving patient prognosis and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. The study's registration was recorded with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (12/04/2022, registration number ChiCTR2200058600).

Relationship between exercise habits and social isolation in older patients with predialysis CKD: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Maintaining exercise habits in older patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important to prevent conversion to renal replacement therapy and improve prognosis. This study identified factors influencing exercise habits in older patients with predialysis CKD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 113 patients aged ≥ 65 years with stages 3–5 predialysis CKD who were admitted for CKD education purposes. Exercise habits were assessed using the transtheoretical model. Social isolation was assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). Furthermore, the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and grip strength, exercise self-efficacy (SE), hemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate of the participants were assessed. Results Among the 55 patients who maintained exercise habits, 20 (57.1%) were at CKD stage 3, 19 (43.2%) were at CKD stage 4, and 16 (47.1%) were at CKD stage 5. The LSNS-6, SPPB, grip strength, and exercise SE scores significantly differed between the with exercise habits group and without exercise habits group (p &lt; 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results indicated that the LSNS-6 (OR:1.10; 95%CI:1.022–1.210) and exercise SE (OR:1.10; 95%CI:1.009–1.199) were significantly associated with exercise habits (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, no significant associations were found between exercise habits and SPPB, grip strength, renal function, or anemia. Conclusions Social isolation and SE may be an important factor influencing exercise habits in older patients with predialysis CKD.

Cardiorespiratory exercise and self-management early after stroke to increase daily physical activity: results from a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial

Purpose This study aimed to determine if the Promoting Optimal Physical Exercise for Life (PROPEL) program increases participation in physical activity up to six months post-discharge from stroke rehabilitation, compared to participation in group cardiorespiratory exercise (GCE) alone. Methods This was a stepped-wedge cluster superiority randomised controlled trial. People with sub-acute stroke participated in the PROPEL (n = 107) or GCE (n = 65) intervention phases. The primary outcome was adherence to physical activity guidelines over seven days at six months post-discharge from rehabilitation. Secondary outcomes were exercise self-efficacy (Short Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale), exercise-related beliefs and attitudes (Short Outcome Expectation for Exercise scale), and perceived barriers to physical activity (Barriers to Being Active Quiz). Results Fifty-seven participants (PROPEL, n = 29; GCE, n = 28) were included in the analysis. At six months post-discharge, 6/17 PROPEL participants and 9/22 GCE participants met the guidelines for intensity and duration of physical activity; the odds of meeting physical activity guidelines did not differ between phases (p > 0.84). PROPEL participants reported higher self-efficacy for exercise than GCE participants (p = 0.0047). Conclusions While PROPEL participants reported higher self-efficacy for exercise than those who completed GCE alone, we were unable to find evidence that this translated to increased odds of meeting physical activity guidelines. Trial registration NCT02951338 IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Integration of cardiorespiratory exercise with behaviour modification strategies to improve physical activity participation after discharge from stroke rehabilitation increases self-efficacy for exercise when compared to cardiorespiratory exercise alone. Increased self-efficacy for exercise may not increase the odds of meeting physical activity guidelines post-stroke. Improving self-efficacy for exercise during stroke rehabilitation may encourage participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity up to 6-months post-discharge from rehabilitation.

Perceived social support impacts on exercise adherence in patients with chronic low back pain.

Initiating and maintaining physical activity is particularly difficult for at-risk groups such as those with chronic low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to assess whether there is a relationship between perceived social support (e.g., emotional and physical support) in individuals recently discharged from treatment for chronic LBP and the number of exercise sessions and total amount of exercise they perform over a 6-month period. This study also aimed to investigate a possible mediation effect of exercise self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived social support and exercise adherence (number of exercise sessions and total amount of exercise). This prognostic study employed a secondary analysis of data collected for The Buddy Study; Data was collected through online weekly diaries over a 6-month period. Poisson regression analyses were used to quantify the relationship between social support at baseline and total number of exercise sessions, and total amount of exercise performed (frequency and duration) in the 6-month follow-up period. Where a relationship was observed, the Stata SEM command was used for the mediation analysis. A positive relationship was found between participants' perceived levels of social support at baseline and the total number of exercise sessions they performed (IRR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.18 to 2.06) and the total amount of exercise they performed (IRR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.05 to 2.35) during the 6-month follow-up period. No mediating relationship was found between exercise self-efficacy at 3-months and the total number of exercise sessions performed (β 3.96, 95% CI: -4.91 to 12.84), or the total amount of exercise performed (β 243.96, 95% CI: -258.08 to 746.01). Social support is potentially an important aspect of exercise adherence, following discharge from treatment, for those with chronic LBP. People's self-efficacy to exercise does not appear to mediate this relationship. Harnessing social support following physiotherapy treatment may increase exercise adherence and may therefore improve long term outcomes for those with chronic LBP.

Causal mediation analysis of factors influencing physical activity and community access among people with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease

ObjectiveTo examine how known causal factors (exercise self-efficacy, balance, walking capacity) affect outcomes (moderate intensity physical activity, community access) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD): through a direct pathway, indirectly through potential mediators (non-motor impairments), or through combined direct and mediated paths. DesignCausal mediation analyses using baseline and three-month data from pooled treatment groups in a randomized controlled trial. SettingData were collected at two university clinical research centers. ParticipantsOne hundred thirty-eight people with PD. InterventionsHome and community-based walking and strength exercise program. Main Outcome Measure(s)Exposures were exercise self-efficacy, walking ability, and balance. Potential mediators included pain, fatigue, mood (anxiety, depression, affect, apathy), stigma, and cognition (executive function and cognitive flexibility). Outcomes were physical activity and community access behaviour at three-month follow-up. Separate models were developed for each causal factor-mediator-outcome combination. To minimise bias, all models were adjusted for known confounders (comorbidities, freezing of gait, severity of motor impairments, and/or age) and baseline values of the outcomes. ResultsSelf-efficacy of walking duration had a causal relationship with moderate intensity physical activity through direct and combined paths (p<.001). Walking capacity had a causal relationship with community access through direct (p=.03-.04) and combined (p=.02-.03) paths. Balance did not affect community access (p>.05). There were no significant mediation effects through indirect pathways for either outcome. ConclusionsThe effect of known causal factors on physical activity and community access was not mediated by non-motor impairments. Walking self-efficacy and walking capacity remain the primary intervention targets for improving physical activity and community access, respectively, in people with PD.

The WE-RISE™ multi-domain intervention: a feasibility study for the potential reversal of cognitive frailty in Malaysian older persons of lower socioeconomic status

BackgroundCognitive frailty (CF) is an emerging concern among older persons, particularly within lower socioeconomic statuses (SES) populations. Currently, there is limited evidence on the potential reversibility of CF through multi-domain interventions within this demographic. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the WE-RISE™ multi-domain intervention in addressing the potential reversibility of CF among community-dwelling older persons of lower SES, the intervention effects on multiple health dimensions, and to determine if WE-RISE™ is of low cost.MethodsThis 24-week randomised controlled trial included 55 community-dwelling older persons of lower SES with CF, who were randomised into either the WE-RISE™ intervention group (n = 27), or the control group receiving usual care (n = 28). The WE-RISE™ intervention comprised of 12 weeks of instructor led, community-based intervention, followed by 12 weeks of WE-RISE™@Home. CF status, cognitive and physical function, nutrition, disability, health-related quality of life, exercise self-efficacy and depression were assessed at baseline, 12th and 24th weeks. Changes in CF status was analysed descriptively, while intervention effects were analyzed with split plot ANOVA. The cost of the WE-RISE™ intervention was calculated using activity-based costing.ResultsAt baseline, all participants in both the intervention and control groups (100%) were classified as CF. Following 12 weeks of the WE-RISE™ intervention, 74.1% of participants in the experimental group no longer met the criteria for cognitive frailty, with 63% maintaining this improvement at 24 weeks. In contrast, the CF status of participants in the control group remained largely unchanged, with only 10.7% showing improvement at 12 weeks and falling to 3.6% at 24 weeks. Significant intervention effects were observed for cognition, physical function, body composition, disability, health-related quality of life and self-perceived exercise self-efficacy (p < 0.05) following participation in WE-RISE™. The cost per intervention session was RM4.06 (≈ RM3.88), and the cost per subject for 48 sessions was RM194.74 (≈ RM187.01).ConclusionThe WE-RISE™ multi-domain intervention has demonstrated potential in reversing CF among older persons of lower SES, leading to significant improvements across multiple health dimensions at a low cost. WE-RISE™ shows promise to enrich the well-being of ageing societies, contribute to societal health, and ensure equitable access to healthcare, supporting broader implementation by enhancing equitable access to health programs and addressing the needs of older persons, WE-RISE™.Trial registrationThis trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001055190) on the 29th of July 2019 – retrospectively registered.

The impact of exercise self-efficacy on college students' emotion management ability: an analysis of the mediating effects based on exercise behavior and screen media use.

To explore the impact of exercise self-efficacy on college students' emotion management ability and to analyze the mediating effects of exercise behavior and screen media use between exercise self-efficacy and emotion management ability. This study adopted stratified, whole-cluster, and staged sampling methods, using an online questionnaire that included demographic information, exercise self-efficacy, exercise behavior, screen media use, and other relevant aspects, obtaining a total of 12,687 valid questionnaires. The study indicated a significant positive correlation between exercise self-efficacy and emotion management ability (r = 0.349, p < 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between physical exercise and emotion management ability (r = 0.128, p < 0.01). In contrast, smartphone use showed a significant negative correlation with emotion management ability (r = -0.102, p < 0.01). Additionally, exercise persistence and electronic health literacy presented significant positive correlations with emotion management ability (r = 0.370, p < 0.01; r = 0.502, p < 0.01). Chain-mediated effect analysis revealed that exercise self-efficacy positively affected emotion management ability by enhancing physical exercise and reducing smartphone use (95% CI: [0.001, 0.002]). Furthermore, exercise self-efficacy positively influenced emotion management ability by enhancing exercise persistence and e-health literacy (95% CI: [0.029, 0.042]). These two variables acted as chain mediators, demonstrating the pathways through which exercise self-efficacy affects emotion management ability. This study deepened the understanding of the interplay between exercise behavior, screen media use, and emotion management ability. It suggested that emotion management ability could be enhanced through strategies of improving exercise persistence, physical exercise, electronic health literacy, and reducing smartphone use while considering differences in gender, academic year, and regional factors in intervention programs.

Combining motivational and exercise intervention components to reverse pre-frailty and promote self-efficacy among community-dwelling pre-frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundExercise is effective in preventing frailty status in older adults, but the effect of an exercise program based on Wellness Motivation Theory (WMT) on the frailty status, self-efficacy for exercise, and quality of life for older adults with pre-frailty remains unclear. Our objective was to examine the efficacy of a multicomponent exercise program based on WMT on frailty status, self-efficacy, and quality of life among pre-frail older adults.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial of pre-frail older adults aged from 60 years to 85 years. Participants in the intervention group performed exercise three times a week for 24 weeks, once at a community health service station instructed by two researchers and two times at home. Participants in the control group were given one-time advice on physical activity. The assessor was the only one blinded. The primary outcome was the reversal rate of pre-frailty. The secondary outcomes included self-efficacy and quality of life.ResultsOne hundred and forty-four participants were randomized into two groups (n = 72 in the intervention group and n = 72 in the control group) and analyzed. After 24 weeks, the proportion of pre-frailty was significantly lower in the intervention group than in control (31.8% versus 74.6%, P < 0.001). The absolute risk reduction was 42.8% [95% CI, 25.1–57.1]. In the 8th week and the 24th week, the frailty score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group. There were significant improvements in self-efficacy at week 2, week 8, and week 24. In weeks 8 and 24, participants in the intervention group reported a higher quality of life than the control group. There were no exercise-related injuries or falls among the participants.ConclusionsThe exercise intervention based on WMT for pre-frail older adults could reverse pre-frailty, increase self-efficacy for exercise, and improve the quality of life in older Chinese.Study registration detailsThis study was registered in www.ClinicalTrials.gov on the 25th of July, 2024, with the identifier NCT06519695.Reporting methodThe Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist was used in this study for properly reporting how the randomized trial was conducted.

Construction of nomogram for wound recurrence in elderly patients with venous leg ulcers.

Venous Leg Ulcers (VLUs) are one of the most serious and intractable complications of chronic venous insufficiency. This study aims to develop a nomogram based on a theoretical model to predict the probability of wound recurrence in older patients with VLUs. The elderly patients with VLUs attending the five hospitals between September 2021 and October 2022 were enrolled in this research, and randomized to the training and validation cohorts based on the corresponding ratio (7:3). Recurrent events were recorded during a six-month follow-up after the baseline data collection. The univariate analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method were used to screen variables, and multiple logistic regression was used to establish a risk prediction model, which was presented by nomogram. Receiver operating curves (ROC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, as well as calibration curves, were adopted to assess the effectiveness of the nomogram. The prognostic value of the nomogram was also examined. A total of 608 elderly patients with VLUs were included in the study. They were randomly divided into the training cohort (N = 421) and the validation cohort (N = 187). In the training cohort, Lasso regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that previous recurrence number, last ulcer duration, lower extremity DVT history, and frailty were independent risk factors for wound recurrence in elderly patients with VLUs, while daily exercise time and self-efficacy were protective factors. A nomogram was established with a good discrimination capacity and predictive efficiency with and the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.869 (95%CI: 0.831-0.908) in the training set and 0.890 (95%CI: 0.841-0.938) in the validation set. The p values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test for both sets were 0.887 and 0.772, respectively, both greater than 0.05. The calibration degree charts showed that the data point connection was similar to the diagonal, indicating that the model's prediction probability of wound recurrence in elderly VLUs patients is close to the actual probability. This study constructed a new nomogram to predict the risk of wound recurrence in elderly patients with VLUs. The nomogram has excellent accuracy and reliability, which can help healthcare workers and patients actively monitor and follow up with patients to prevent the recurrence of ulcers and make clinical decisions.

Feasibiliy, safety and patient perceptions of an exercise-based cardiac telerehabilitation programme

Abstract Background Despite proven benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR), few patients with myocardial infarction (MI) complete these programs and there is a need to develop more flexible and evidence-based options. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety, and patient perceptions of remotely delivered EBCR. Methods This study was conducted at 23 cardiac rehabilitation centres during the Covid-19 pandemic (March 2020-September 2022), when access to centre-based EBCR was restricted. A total of 231 patients with MI &amp;lt;80 years were included 2-4 weeks after discharge to participate in a remote EBCR programme 2 times/week for 3-4 months. Exercise was delivered through a real-time group-based video meeting, connecting the physiotherapist to patients exercising at home. Safety monitoring in terms of adverse events (AE) and serious adverse events (SAE) were recorded. Outcomes were assessed before and after remote EBCR completion and comprised tests of physical fitness and questionnaires: self-reported physical activity and exercise (Haskell questionnaire), physical capacity (VAS), kinesiophobia (TSK-Heart), health-related quality of life (EQ5D-VAS), self-efficacy for exercise, and patient acceptance of the program. Results Patients performed in median 19 (Q1 9 - Q3 23) remote EBCR sessions. A total of 16 AEs were registered during exercise (e.g chest pain, syncope, dizziness, musculoskeletal symptoms) which were all resolved. Two SAEs that required hospitalization were reported (chest pain, in-stent restenosis), both unrelated to exercise. At end of remote EBCR, significant improvements in physical fitness, self-reported exercise and physical capacity, kinesiophobia, and health-related quality of life were observed (Table 1). Delta values were similar to previous centre-based EBCR studies. Patients agreed that remote EBCR improved health care access (83%), was easy to use (94%), and 95% found exercise performance and interaction acceptable. Conclusions This study supports that remote EBCR is feasible and safe with a high patient acceptance post-MI. The clinical effectiveness needs to be confirmed in a randomized controlled design.

Assessing the effectiveness of health belief model-based educational interventions on weight control intentions among Malaysians

Obesity and overweight are major health concerns, with a 19.7% prevalence among Malaysian adults, as reported in the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey. This study assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention on weight control intention using the Health Belief Model (HBM). A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 140 participants equally divided into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). Post-intervention, the IG showed significant improvement in perceived self-efficacy in dieting (mean score 3.96 ± 0.85) compared to the CG (3.76 ± 0.86, p = 0.003). Perceived self-efficacy in exercise also increased in the IG (4.12 ± 0.52) compared to the CG (3.51 ± 0.94, p < 0.001). While behavioral intention scores improved in the IG (4.00 ± 0.59), the difference was not significant (p = 0.300). This study highlights that educational interventions using HBM can effectively improve self-efficacy and influence weight control behaviors.

Assessing Gym Intimidation in Female College Students: Understanding This as a Barrier to Physical Activity and Exercise

Background: Women enrolled in college participate in less physical activity and exercise, specifically resistance training, than men. Aim: This study measured gym intimidation and assessed factors that may influence intimidation levels in female college students. Methods: A survey was emailed to female college students at a large, public university in the southeastern United States. Class standing, academic college, major, gym frequency, gym equipment used, and sports participation were assessed. Gym intimidation was measured using the Social Exercise and Anxiety Measure (SEAM) subscales: social exercise self-efficacy (SES: assesses confidence in the ability to exercise in various environments), gym avoidance (GA: assesses gym avoidant behavior), and exercise importance (EI: assesses priority of exercise). Pearson’s correlations and ANOVAs identified significant relationships. Results: Participants included 357 students. Pearson’s correlations revealed a relationship (p &lt; 0.01) between frequency of gym attendance and all SEAM questions. Mean subscale scores showed moderate gym intimidation: SES (347.41 + 103.17) of a possible 500; GA (15.68 + 7.66) of 28; EI (15.24 + 3.75) of 21. Freshmen (13.55 + 7.94) showed significantly higher gym avoidance than sophomores (16.589 + 782), F (3,353) = 3.18, p = 0.007. Conclusions: Gym intimidation is prevalent among female college students and is a barrier to exercise participation. Combatting intimidation is critical to this population’s health.

Supporting adherence to a home practice reading program using self-monitoring in persons with aphasia: a single case experimental design study

ABSTRACT Background Impairments in reading comprehension impact participation in daily activities for persons with aphasia. Home practice programs can be used by speech-language pathologists to extend treatment by providing additional practice to support recovery. However, adherence to home programs is often low and factors that enhance adherence to home programs are poorly understood. Aims We sought to examine if using self-monitoring practice with an aphasia-friendly logbook and a timer is an effective mechanism to support home program adherence and to explore the perception of this technique by individuals with aphasia. Methods & procedures This non-concurrent multiple baseline single case experimental design was completed during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Procedures were completed virtually or in person. If in person, assessments were done in the clinic or in the participant’s home. The participants (n = 6) were at least six months post-stroke, diagnosed with aphasia, and reported interest in practicing reading. There were five males and one female. During the baseline phase, participants received training on a mobile reading comprehension application on an iPad. They were instructed to practice reading 80 minutes seven days a week, and were not provided with self-monitoring supports, but were given a single cue card that indicated the practice expectation. The number of data points in the baseline phase was at least five and increased across participants. At the end of baseline, participants received training on the use of a timer and an aphasia-friendly logbook for self-monitoring minutes of practice. They were instructed to continue practicing for 80 minutes every day. In both phases, participants received weekly check-ins to ensure the technology was working. Outcomes & results The primary outcome measures were minutes of practice and percent adherence. Three out of the six participants demonstrated an effect with the self-monitoring intervention with more minutes of practice or greater percent adherence during the intervention phase. Responders typically had higher self-efficacy for exercise scores and a shorter baseline phase. Three participants did not demonstrate an effect of the self-monitoring intervention. The logbook was reported as one of the two most helpful features of the intervention by all the participants with weekly technology check-ins and iPad training as the least helpful elements. Conclusions Self-monitoring with an aphasia-friendly logbook and timer can support some individuals with aphasia in achieving a greater amount of home program practice. Additional research with a larger more diverse sample that incorporates timing and self-efficacy for exercise is warranted.

The Association Between the Perception of Exercise Benefits and Barriers and Exercise Self-Efficacy During the Induction Phase of Dialysis in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/Objectives: The physical function of patients with chronic kidney disease gradually declines as kidney function deteriorates, and this decline becomes more pronounced after the initiation of dialysis. Encouraging the development of exercise habits from the initiation phase of dialysis is crucial. Increased exercise self-efficacy is essential for establishing these habits. However, the related factors at this stage are unclear. This study hypothesized that perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers are related to exercise self-efficacy and aimed to investigate this association. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study included 72 patients and assessed the stages of exercise behavior change, perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers, and exercise self-efficacy. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between exercise self-efficacy and perceptions of the benefits and barriers of exercise. Results: Perceptions of exercise benefits were still significantly associated with self-efficacy for exercise after adjustment for age, gender, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetic kidney disease, living alone, employment, and physical function (β = 0.474, p < 0.001). Similarly, perceptions of exercise barriers were also significantly associated with self-efficacy for exercise (β = -0.410, p = 0.001). A subgroup analysis that only examined participants without exercise habits revealed a similar association. Conclusions: Perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers may be associated with exercise self-efficacy in patients with end-stage kidney disease during the initiation phase of dialysis. As patients are temporarily hospitalized during this phase, it provides an opportunity for intervention. Exercise education and supportive environments during hospitalization may enhance perceptions of exercise benefits, reduce perceptions of exercise barriers, and improve exercise self-efficacy.

Effects of an Exercise and Lifestyle Education Program in Brazilians living with prediabetes or diabetes: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Patient education is a crucial strategy for promoting prevention and diabetes self-management since glycemic control achievement involves taking medications, medical nutrition therapy, physical exercise, and behavior changes. However, patient education programs are still barely implemented in low- and middle-income countries. This trial aims to investigate whether a lifestyle education intervention added to physical exercising is superior to sole physical exercising regarding functional capacity, disease-related knowledge, health behaviors, cardiometabolic health parameters, quality of life, depression, and diet quality in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes. Multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms involving 12-week intervention and 6-month follow-up. The eligible individuals (≥ 18years, living with prediabetes or diabetes, literate, no clinical decompensation and/or physical and/or mental limitations that contraindicate physical exercising, written physician permission for exercise, no cognitive impairment, no vision limitations for reading, no confirmed diagnosis of unstable coronary disease or heart failure, no pacemaker and/or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, no complex ventricular arrhythmias, no intermittent claudication, no recent cardiovascular event or cardiac surgery, and no currently enrolled in a structured exercise program) were recruited from two Brazilian cities and randomized to either (1) an Exercise and Lifestyle Education Program (ExLE) or (2) an Exercise Program (Ex), which can be delivered on-site or remotely based on the participants' internet access and technology literacy. The primary outcomes will be changes in functional capacity and disease-related knowledge. The secondary outcomes will involve changes in health behaviors (health literacy, physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy, and medication adherence) and cardiometabolic health parameters (glycemic control, anthropometric measures, and cardiac autonomic control). Program adherence, satisfaction with the program, diabetes-related morbidity, and changes in quality of life, depression, and diet quality will be the tertiary outcomes. Assessments will occur at baseline, post-intervention, and after 6-month follow-up. If superior effectiveness of ExLE compared to Ex program to improve the outcomes measures is found, this program could be delivered broadly in the Brazilian health system, especially in the primary care facilities where most individuals living with prediabetes and diabetes in our country are assisted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03914924 . Registered on April 16, 2019.

Measuring Exercise Self-Efficacy After Stroke: Validity and Reliability of Current Measures.

Many physically capable stroke survivors are insufficiently active, with low self-efficacy considered an important contributor. However, validity and reliability of self-efficacy measures in stroke survivors have not been established. This research aims to evaluate the test-retest reliability and construct validity of 3 self-efficacy measures: Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE), Spinal Cord Injury Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (SCI-ESES), and Participation Strategies Self-Efficacy Scale (PS-SES). A repeated measures study with community-dwelling, independently mobile adult stroke survivors (n=51, mean age 74years, 45% female, median 22months poststroke) was completed. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analyses. Construct validity was assessed using 8 pre-determined hypotheses concerning physical activity level (subjective and objective), comorbidities, work and volunteering, and measures of function. Retest reliability was established for the SEE (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC=0.77) and PS-SES (ICC=0.78) but not for the SCI-ESES (ICC=0.68). Bland-Altman analysis showed participants consistently scored higher on the second test for all measures. The SEE achieved construct validity by meeting 75% of hypotheses, whereas the PS-SES and SCI-ESES did not. Self-efficacy was positively related to steps/day, functional capacity, self-reported activity levels, and work or volunteering participation. The SEE was found to be the most appropriate tool to measure exercise self-efficacy in independently mobile chronic stroke survivors in terms of retest reliability and validity. N/A. for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 "Espernberger-JNPT-Video-Abstract," available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A489).

The effects of university badminton class on health and well-being in untrained college students

This study investigated the effects of a 6-week activity course on health and well-being in untrained college students. Twenty-two participants (ages 18–23) engaged in either badminton or soccer twice a week. Using Badminton World Federation (BWF) Shuttle Time Lesson Plans, both groups showed significant improvements in the quadrant jump and standing long jump tests, with badminton participants demonstrating greater gains in the quadrant jump. In addition, Resilience levels increased in both groups and exercise self-efficacy saw a larger rise in the soccer class. The data suggested that badminton might improve agility more due to the need for rapid direction changes in a smaller court. Further, university activity classes could enhance both physical and mental well-being, though prior soccer experience and limited badminton court access may boost self-efficacy more in soccer participants. Lastly, BWF Shuttle Time Lesson Plans proved effective for introducing badminton to beginners.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Exercise Benefits and Barriers in Cardiovascular Disease Patients Visiting the Emergency Department Based on Machine Learning

Objective: To investigate the exercise benefits/barriers and influencing factors among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients seeking emergency care. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select CVD patients who visited the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Chengdu from December 2023 to July 2024 as the study subjects. The investigation was conducted through medical record review and on-site questionnaire surveys. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Data were entered into Excel and statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: Among the 1080 patients, 62.9% did not meet physical activity standards. Depression and social support explained 48.0% of the total variance in exercise benefits/barriers. The random forest algorithm performed best in predicting influencing factors. Conclusion: CVD patients seeking emergency care are generally insufficiently active, with depression and social support significantly impacting exercise benefits/barriers.

The effect of exercise motivation on college students' self-efficacy: the mediating roles of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness.

The theory of motivation suggests that individual motivation is moderately stimulated to drive individuals to engage in the behaviors for which they are motivated. It is therefore that the moderate stimulation of exercise motivation will likely lead to the enhancement of college students' participation in exercise. Investigate the effect of exercise motivation on college students' self-efficacy, reveal the mediating role of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness, and provide empirical evidence improving college students' self-efficacy through exercise motivation. A stratified whole-sample approach was employed to survey 715 college students, based on a correlation table with good reliability and validity. Scale items were designed to collect subjects' exercise motivation, self-efficacy, leisure satisfaction, and mental toughness in the study context. Mediation effect analyses were carried out using SPSS and AMOS. A significant positive effect of exercise motivation on self-efficacy (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), leisure satisfaction (β = 0.50, p < 0.001), and mental toughness (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Leisure satisfaction and mental toughness had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy (β = 0.40, p < 0.001; β = 0.30, p < 0.001). Furthermore, leisure satisfaction and mental toughness significantly mediated in exercise motivation and self-efficacy. In conclusion, our findings further explored the effects of exercise motivation on college students' self-efficacy and revealed the mediating roles of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness.

WAT’s up? Exploring the Impact of Wearable Activity Trackers on Physical Activity and Wellbeing: A Systematic Research Review

AbstractWearable activity trackers (WATs) can facilitate engagement in physical activity. Yet, there may be an additional psychological impact, which can influence their effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of wrist-based WATs on physical activity and subsequent psychological wellbeing in healthy adults. The review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines and registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF). An initial search was conducted in December 2022 with a follow-up in October 2023. Databases included PsychInfo, PsycArticles, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. Nine studies were selected for inclusion and reviewed. Most studies comprised white adults with an average age of 21.5 to 49 years. Participants were employed or students with a mostly normal BMI. Changes in self-efficacy for exercise, depressive symptoms, mental health and general wellbeing, quality of life and burnout were evaluated. Half the studies reported a WAT-related increase in physical activity engagement. Four studies assessed self-efficacy for exercise, with half observing an improvement post-intervention. Three studies assessed mental health and depressive symptoms with one observing improvement and two observing no change. The remaining studies included measures of burnout and quality of life, where only burnout scores improved 1-month post-intervention. Although the quality of the studies reviewed was acceptable, only 4 included a suitable control/comparison group. Further, the measurement of psychological wellbeing varied considerably. In sum, the results indicate that the effect of WATs on physical activity and subsequent psychological wellbeing is understudied. Further research is required to fully elucidate these relationships.