Exercise In Daily Life Research Articles

An investigation of the effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of tuberculosis

To explore the influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Yingjisha County, Kashgar Region, Xinjiang, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of TB. The Spearman correlation analysis and distribution lag nonlinear model analysis were conducted on the number of daily reported cases of TB from 2016 to 2023 to study the association effect of various meteorological factors and the daily incidence number of TB in Yingjisha County. A total of 13,288 TB cases were reported from January 2016 to June 2023, and June to October is the peak period of annual TB incidence. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that average daily temperature (AT) and average daily wind speed (WS) were positively correlated with TB incidence (rAT = 0.110, rWS = 0.090); and average daily relative humidity (RH) and TB incidence was negatively correlated (rRH = − 0.093). When AT was − 15 °C, the RR reached a maximum of 2.20 (95% CI: 0.77–6.29) at a lag of 21 days. When RH was 92%, the RR reached a maximum of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.92–1.19) at a lag of 6 days. When WS was 5.2 m/s, the RR reached a maximum of 1.30 (95% CI: 0.78–2.16) at a lag of 16 days. There is a non-linearity and a certain lag between meteorological factors and the occurrence and prevalence of TB in the population, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the risk of incidence of TB decreases with the increase of the daily AT, has a hazardous effect within a certain range of humidity as the average daily RH rises, and gradually increases with the increase of the average daily WS. Local residents are advised to pay attention to climate change so as to take appropriate preventive measures, especially women and middle and old age group should pay close attention to climate change and add more clothes in time, minimise travelling in hazy weather and windy and sandy weather, maintain good nutrition, adequate sleep and moderate exercise in daily life to enhance their immunity, wash hands frequently and ventilate the air, and try to avoid staying in humid and confined spaces in order to reduce the risk of latent TB patients developing the disease.

Effect of Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT) and Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD) on Lymphedema Control after Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients -A Literature Review

Background: Breast cancer considerably affects both developed and developing nations globally, it has been the focus of several studies. Lymphedema in breast cancer survivors is a more prevalent condition that healthcare providers often fail to completely comprehend. About five in one women who have undergone breast cancer surgery acquires Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema (BCRL). Lymphedema is a chronic and debilitating disease that that can develop as a consequence of breast cancer treatment. It can have disastrous impacts on a patient's quality of life associated with lymphedema. In general, it is underreported and undertreated. The aim of this reviews study is to determine the effectiveness of CDT on reducing the occurrence of lymphedema in breast cancer patients. Methodology: For these studies literature review, databases PubMed, Google Scholar and science direct were employed. Articles published from 2019-2023, and with the full English text met the inclusion criteria. Articles published prior to 2019 and articles having an incorrect abstract were excluded. Results: CDT has been shown to be useful in reducing the symptoms associated with BCRL. It proved that exercise is safe, in addition to it is important to continue exercise in daily life. The functional status of the patients also showed a noticeable improvement. Conclusion: In patients with BCRL, CDT improves upper extremity functioning and quality of life. Contributing factors include the decrease in volume of lymphedema, aching and heaviness, and an increase in shoulder movement. CDT is a promising therapeutic modality for the lymphedema.

Examination of the Correlation Between the Happiness and Psychological Well-Being Levels of the Exercisers(Diyarbakır Province)

In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between these two variables by examining the happiness and psychological well-being levels of individuals who exercise in terms of different variables. The sample group of the research consists of 232 individuals, 159 women and 73 men, who exercise in the sports centers in Diyarbakir. Oxford Happiness Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale were used as data collection tools. Parametric tests were applied due to the normal distribution of the data. Post-Hoc tests were used to determine the direction of the difference. In addition, Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between happiness and psychological well-being of individuals who exercise. The significance level was determined as .05. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was determined that the happiness and psychological well-being levels of the individuals who exercised were above the medium level. It has been observed that the happiness and psychological well-being levels of the individuals who exercise do not differ according to the age and gender variable. While a difference was observed in favor of those participating in social activities in the psychological well-being levels of individuals participating in social activities, no significant difference was observed in terms of happiness levels. Among the self-defining situations of individuals who exercise in daily life, it was observed that those who were peaceful were happier than those who were stressed, while those who were calm and peaceful had higher levels of psychological well-being than those who were stressed. As a result, it has been observed that there is a moderate, positive relationship between the happiness levels of the individuals who exercise and their psychological well-being levels.

Analysis of Japanese nationwide health datasets: association between lifestyle habits and prevalence of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia with reference to dementia-related diseases and Parkinson's disease.

Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than 3months. This study focuses on neuropathic pain (NP) and fibromyalgia (FM) which are chronic pain states, and aims to identify lifestyle habits associated with their prevalence. Other neurological disorders are also analyzed as references. Association between the variable referring to disease prevalence (number of claims for reimbursement of marker drugs) and the variable for lifestyle habits/health examination results (collected from insured individuals aged 40-74 years) was determined by analyzing Japanese nationwide datasets, which were collected in 2018 and aggregated by prefecture. Pregabalin, donepezil, and levodopa were used as marker drugs for the chronic pain states, dementia-related diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia) and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. Variables showing correlation coefficient (|r|)>0.5 were put into the multiple linear regression. Exercise habits (ꞵ=-0.3182), smoking habits (0.3218), daily drinking (0.2683), and alanine aminotransferase>51 U/L (0.2309) were finally incorporated in the equation for pregabalin (R 2=0.7268). Walking speed (-0.4543) and daily drinking (0.5077) were incorporated in the equation for donepezil (R 2=0.5718). The prevalence of chronic pain states is associated with lifestyle habits, just like the dementia-related diseases. Exercise in daily life is negatively associated with the prevalence of the chronic pain states, although excessive alcohol drinking, smoking, and high serum ALT are positively associated with it. The prevalence of PD seems less associated with lifestyle habits.

The corticomuscular coupling underlying movement and its application for rehabilitation: a review

Movement, a kind of lever movement produced by nerve innervated muscle contraction and traction to connect bones, which is the most common form of exercise in daily life. There are plenty of people suffer from limb dysfunction caused by stroke and other factors. It is of great social significance for the rehabilitation of patients to reconstruct brain movement function and recover voluntary motor control. However, there is almost no systematic research about information interaction and coupling relationship between motor central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) currently. Therefore, this paper review and discuss the human machine interaction technology of rehabilitation exoskeleton, which centered on the information coupling model of motor CNS and PNS. This will help to achieve a systematic and comprehensive rehabilitation of stroke hemiplegia patients from the CNS to the PNS.

Smart Sports Outward Bound Training Assistant System Based on WSNs

The outward-bound training has been a popular manner to exercise in daily life. However, there lacks an intelligent assistant system to monitor the real-time status of users to avoid accidents during training. In order to fill this gap, this paper established an intelligent system to monitor fatigue status during outward-bound training by using surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. The system consists of three parts: a wearable device, edge node, and cloud server. First, the wearable device collects sEMG signals. Second, the edge node processes the collected sEMG signals and sends the sEMG signal features to the cloud server. Finally, the cloud server returns the results to edge node according to a stored classification model that learnt from massive historical sEMG signals. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Whether the Tabata Training Method and Basic Military Training Had Different Effects on Improving Military Physical Fitness: An Experimental Study

The growth of physical freshness gradually, stratified, and continually so that physical fitness coaching may be implemented might be one of the implementers of the personnel strength coaching function. Particularly in the physical development of Air Force members as a benchmark for carrying out obligations to uphold the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and obligations as international representatives. A soldier protecting the curse of the Republic of Indonesia must be physically fit to assist with training implementation and promote physical exercise in daily life. The study’s sample and population in this study, the frequency of training were divided into two portions, namely three and five times per week, and the Tabata training method and basic military training were both applied. This study was carried out in 2022 at Lanud Adi Soemarmo’s Skadron Educator (Skadik) 404 Military Police Corps. The pseudo-experimental method makes use of the 2x2 factorial design. 44 Military Police Corps members, divided into 4 groups of 11 each, made up the sample. The samapta A test, which is a continuous 12-minute run, is used in the military physical fitness exam, provided that the offender receives a 15- to 30-minute rest period and is permitted to drink mineral water after passing the physical fitness test. A. The shuttle run, pull-up, sit-up, and push-up portions of the Samapta B exam are all completed for a total of 60 seconds. Between each test item in the physical fitness B sequence is a five-minute rest break with a predefined time interval. The data were analyzed using bidirectional variance analysis (ANOVA), after which a Tukey test was run with a 0.05 significant level. For the entire data analysis procedure, SPSS software version 25 is employed. The study’s findings support the notion that the frequency and mode of exercise used to increase military physical fitness interact. However, further research on psychological, psychosocial, gender, and other factors connected to enhancing military physical fitness are required.

The Effect of Progressive Resistance Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Study Protocol.

Progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) reduces cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in the general population. It is unknown if PRET also reduces these risk factors in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). The aim is to present the protocol of an intervention study that investigates the effect of PRET on CVRF in adults with ID. We will use a repeated time series design with one study group. Adults with mild-to-moderate ID and at least two CVRF are eligible (Netherlands Trial Register, NL8382). During a 12-week baseline period, measurements take place at a 6-week interval. After this, the PRET programme starts for 24 weeks, after which all measurements will be repeated. We will use hierarchical regression models, adjusted for sport activity and medication use, to estimate the effect of PRET. After the intervention, the participants will be followed-up for 12 weeks. We will evaluate factors for successful implementation of exercise in daily life. Primary outcomes are: hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome. Secondary outcomes are: physical fitness, sarcopenia, physical activity, activities of daily living, falls, challenging behaviour. If our results show that the PRET programme is effective, it may be a promising non-pharmacological intervention to reduce CVRF in adults with ID.

Lifestyle habits to prevent the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of Japanese nationwide datasets.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to nonmalignant hyperplasia of prostate tissue, which causes lower urinary tract symptoms and has become a global public health concern in the aging population. The purpose of this study is to identify modifiable factors, which would prevent or delay BPH development. The association between BPH marker drugs and climate-, socioeconomic-, health condition-, and lifestyle habits-related variables was investigated by analyzing nationwide datasets which were collected in 2018, aggregated by prefecture (administrative unit), and published by Japanese ministries. Uroselective α1 receptor blockers and dutasteride were used as marker drugs referring to BPH prevalence. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and binomial logistic regression analysis were conducted with 47 Japanese prefectures as the unit. The variables which showed |r| > 0.5 by correlation analysis were exercise habits (r=-0.5696), smoking habits (r=0.6116), and daily drinking (r=0.6001) for uroselective α1 receptor blockers, and antihypertensive medication (r=0.5971), smoking habits (r=0.6598), a small amount of drinking (r=-0.5292), and serum alanine aminotransferase (r=0.6814) for dutasteride. Multiple linear regression equations were constructed by including these variables (R 2 =0.5453 for uroselective α1 receptor blockers and R 2 =0.5673 for dutasteride). Binomial logistic regression analysis found a significant association between climate in the resident area and BPH development. This ecological study, analyzing Japanese nationwide datasets, demonstrates that healthy lifestyle habits, especially avoidance of smoking, implementation of exercise in daily life, and a small amount of alcohol consumption, are important to prevent or delay BPH development. High blood pressure and high serum alanine aminotransferase are suggested as risk factors of BPH development.

Prediction of lower limb kinematics from vision-based system using deep learning approaches.

The joint angular velocity during daily life exercises is an important clinical outcome for injury risk index, rehabilitation progress monitoring and athlete's performance evaluation. Recently, wearable sensors have been widely used to monitor lower limb kinematics. However, these sensors are difficult and inconvenient to use in daily life. To mitigate these limitations, this study proposes a vision-based system for estimating lower limb joint kinematics using a deep convolution neural network with bi-directional long-short term memory and gated recurrent unit network. The normalized correlation coefficient, and the mean absolute error were computed between the ground truth obtained from the optical motion capture system and estimated joint angular velocities using proposed models. The estimated results show a highest correlation 0.93 in squat and 0.92 in walking on treadmill action. Furthermore, independent model for each joint angular velocity at the hip, knee, and ankle were analyzed and compared. Among the three joint angular velocities, knee joint has a best estimated accuracy (0.96 in squat and 0.96 in walking on the treadmill). The proposed models show higher estimation accuracy under both the lateral and the frontal view regardless of the camera positions and angles. This study proves the applicability of using sensor free vision-based system to monitor the lower limb kinematics during home workouts for healthcare and rehabilitation.

A Correlational Study to Assess the Level of Perception and Exercise Barriers among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: The burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) is gradually increasing globally and in developing countries like India. According to the International Diabetes Federation 2019 report, around 77 million people in India are diagnosed with diabetes with a projected increase to 34 million by 2045. Appropriate implementation and practice of lifestyle measures like exercise plays a key role as a supporting factor in effective diabetes management. The main objective of the study was to determine the relation between the exercise barriers and level of disease perception on the disease among people with diabetes. Methodology: This is a correlational descriptive study conducted among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), who are attendees of the medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar. The samples were selected through purposive sampling technique. A self-structured sociodemographic profile, Standardized Appraisal of Diabetes Scale, and Personal Diabetes Questionnaire were used to collect data from the participants. Results: The results showed that male (77 [60.2%] among the 128) patients are more susceptible to DM than the females. Majority of the study cohort had a negative appraisal on the DM with a mean value of 17.98 (standard deviation [SD] =1.29). While considering the exercise barriers, the majority of the patients had more exercise barriers with a high mean of 36.77 (SD = 1.04). Here, the correlation between the exercise barrier and level of perception shows a nonsignificant weak negative correlation. The cohort reported that their nonsupportive family and friends are the major exercise barriers with a mean value of 6. Conclusion: Exercise, together with medical nutrition therapy, forms the cornerstone of diabetes therapy. The study results identified a lot of barriers among patients with diabetes that hinders exercise in daily life, and it had a significant association with the diabetes control.

Correlation between motor behavior and age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys.

BackgroundThe motor behavior in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and animal models should be changed due to pain. However, there does not seem to be a strong correlation between IDD and motor behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the correlation between motor behavior and age‐related IDD.MethodsTwenty‐one healthy male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) distributed across the age range were included in this study. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: caged group (n = 14) and free‐range group (n = 7). The data of IDD and motor behavior were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PrimateScan Automatic Behavior Analysis System. More than 20 basic motor behaviors could be recorded and quantified, and then reclassified into 9 combined categories. We defined the sum of the duration of activity‐related combined categories as the total duration of activity in 3 hours. The activity zone of the cynomolgus monkeys in the cage could be divided into top and bottom zones. Analyze the correlation between motor behavior and IDD.ResultsAge was correlated with both Pfirrmann grades (r = .700; P < .001) and T2 values (r = −.369; P < .001). The T2 value in the caged group was 45.97 ± 8.35 ms, which was significantly lower than the 55.90 ± 8.73 ms in the free‐range group (P < .001). The mean T2 values were positively correlated with hanging duration (r = .548, P < .05), the total duration of activity (r = .496, P < .05), and top zone duration (r = .541, P < .05).ConclusionsThere is an interactional relationship between IDD and motor behavior. Motor behavior could be used as one of the diagnostic indicators of IDD. It could also be used to infer the presence or extent of IDD in animal models. Avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and engaging in exercise in daily life could alleviate IDD.

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN IDWG DAN TEKANAN DARAH PASIEN HEMODIALIS DI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA YOGYAKARTA

Background: Patients with hemodialysis always increase every year. In Indonesia the number of active hemodialysis in 2016 increased by 72.29% from 2015. The success of hemodialysis can be seen from the clinical condition of the patient, especially Interdialitic Weigh Giant (IDWG) and blood pressure. Therefore, it is very important to study related factors to IDWG and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to describe related factors to IDWG and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.&#x0D; Methods: This is a quantitative descriptive analytic research. Number of samples is 65 hemodialysis patients using random technique.&#x0D; Result: Based on the Spearman correlation test showed that statistically, there is a correlation between gender and IDWG p 0,024 &lt; 0,05, Exercise and Intradialysis diastolic blood pressure with p 0,000 &lt;0,05 (r = 0,46), comorbidities with Intradialysis diastolic blood pressure p 0,000 &lt; 0,05 and fluid intake with intradialysis systolic blood pressure p 0,031 &lt;0,05 (r = 0.28). &#x0D; Conclusion: It is assumed that gender, exercise, comorbidities and fluid intake are related to IDWG and blood pressure. Based on result of this study, this is important for nurses to take more intensive education about controlling cimorbidities, fluid intake and motivation to exercise in daily life.&#x0D; Keywords: Hemodialysis, blood pressure, Interdialitic Weigh Giant (IDWG)

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN IDWG DAN TEKANAN DARAH PASIEN HEMODIALIS DI RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA YOGYAKARTA

Background: Patients with hemodialysis always increase every year. In Indonesia the number of active hemodialysis in 2016 increased by 72.29% from 2015. The success of hemodialysis can be seen from the clinical condition of the patient, especially Interdialitic Weigh Giant (IDWG) and blood pressure. Therefore, it is very important to study related factors to IDWG and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to describe related factors to IDWG and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients.&#x0D; Methods: This is a quantitative descriptive analytic research. Number of samples is 65 hemodialysis patients using random technique.&#x0D; Result: Based on the Spearman correlation test showed that statistically, there is a correlation between gender and IDWG p 0,024 &lt; 0,05, Exercise and Intradialysis diastolic blood pressure with p 0,000 &lt;0,05 (r = 0,46), comorbidities with Intradialysis diastolic blood pressure p 0,000 &lt; 0,05 and fluid intake with intradialysis systolic blood pressure p 0,031 &lt;0,05 (r = 0.28). &#x0D; Conclusion: It is assumed that gender, exercise, comorbidities and fluid intake are related to IDWG and blood pressure. Based on result of this study, this is important for nurses to take more intensive education about controlling cimorbidities, fluid intake and motivation to exercise in daily life.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Hemodialysis, blood pressure, Interdialitic Weigh Giant (IDWG)

Relationship Between Exercise Perception With Physical Activity Level, Body Awareness, and Illness Cognition in Renal Transplant Patients: A Pilot Study

Transplantation offers better quality of life and long-term survival benefits. Further knowledge is needed regarding exercise in daily life of transplant recipients. Here, we investigated the relationship between exercise perception and physical activity level, body awareness, and illness cognition in renal transplant patients. Our study included 53 renal transplant recipients (Standardized Mini-Mental Test score = 26.35 ± 1.36; age = 41.11 ± 13.52 year, body mass index = 25.96 ± 5.26 kg/m², elapsed time after transplant = 3.68 ± 1.53 year). Perceived benefits and barriers to exercise, physical activity level, body awareness, and illness cognition were assessed with the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Body Awareness Questionnaire, and Patient Illness Perception Questionnaire, respectively. Correlations were established with Spearman test for nonparametric data, with regression analysis used to find determinants of physical activity levels. We observed correlations between physical activity level and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise. There was a positive relationship between body awareness and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise and also illness cognition, with significant correlation between perceived benefits and barriers to exercise and illness cognition (P < .05). Perceived benefits and barriers to exercise (P = .006, R = 0.373, R2 = 0.139, beta = 0.373, t = 2.867, F = 8.22) were determining factors for physical activity level. Psychologic and physical factors, including negative emotions and body dissatisfaction, are risk factors for poor quality of life. Although it is important to increase quality of life, tools to enhance body awareness and to develop strategies to alter motor behaviors in daily living activities are needed. Treatment and assessment strategies on body awareness and illness perception should be considered, with emphasis on the importance of physical activity posttransplant.

Examination of Changes in Certain Biochemical Parameters Before and After Acute Training in Kick Boxers

Kickbox is one of the modern martial sports. The psychophysiological demands of a kickbox competition require that athletes achieve high thresholds in various aspects of physical fitness.The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the physiological properties of kickbox athletes and the activity profile properly in order to put forward proposals for training and new scientific research fields. The blood samples, which were taken before and after the maximal training applied to athletes according to the period, were studied. A total of 50 athletes, including 39 male and 11 female amateurs, were included in the study, with an average age of 20.08±6.33 years. All participants were informed about the study and necessary approvals. There was a significant difference between males and females in terms of BMI (Body Mass Index). It was observed that the GSH values of the athletes increased before and after training in both males and females. On the other hand, IL-1B (interleukin) only increased in males (p&lt;0.05). The information obtained shows that the analyses of the before and after training male kickboxers at the amateur level are significantly more different than that of women. Since GSH is an effective tripeptide of antioxidants involved in the detoxification of harmful compounds, its synthesis is very important for metabolism. It can be said that GSH (glutathione) level may increase with normal exercise in daily life and training in athletes. Furthermore, the athletes should be analyzed metabolically well in response to the stress that may be caused by heavy exercise, and the exercise for improving performance should be achieved by detecting biochemical changes.

Motive- and appearance awareness-based explanations for body (dis)satisfaction following exercise in daily life.

Although exercise is typically found to improve body satisfaction, this effect may be reduced or even reversed for trait body-dissatisfied individuals. The reasons for this remain unclear. This study tested the possibility that these effects are due to appearance-related motives and/or increased appearance awareness post-exercise. Participants included 178 women who completed baseline measures of trait body dissatisfaction, and then completed an experience sampling phase in which they self-reported state body satisfaction and appearance awareness levels, and recent exercise experiences at six time-points daily for 10days. Trait body-dissatisfied individuals were more likely to exercise for appearance-related reasons, and experienced less of an increase in state body satisfaction post-exercise. Appearance-motivated exercise also increased appearance awareness. After controlling for appearance motives, the moderating effect of trait body dissatisfaction on the exercise-state body satisfaction relationship reduced to non-significance. Collectively, the present findings offer some support for both motive- and appearance awareness-based explanations for the reduced benefits of exercise on body satisfaction exhibited in individuals with trait body dissatisfaction. Targeting the reasons for exercise and what one focuses on during exercise may be viable ways to overcome potential negative impacts of exercise on body image for these individuals. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? While the physical and psychological benefits of exercise are well established, recent findings suggest that these benefits for body satisfaction may be reduced (and possibly reversed) for individuals with elevated trait body dissatisfaction. The reasons for this moderating effect remain unclear. What does this study add? Trait body-dissatisfied individuals more often engaged in exercise for appearance-related reasons. Appearance motives for exercise are associated with smaller body satisfaction gains post-exercise. Reduced body satisfaction was also linked to increased appearance awareness post-exercise.

Determination of pain in musculoskeletal system reported by office workers and the pain risk factors.

This research was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at determining the existence of pain in the musculoskeletal system among office workers and the reasons for it. The sample consisted of 528 office workers. Collection of data was achieved using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers in line with information from the literature. The male and female office workers most frequently complained of pain in the lower back (55.1%), neck (52.5%) and back (53%). It was seen that out of the variables relating to the work environment, those which had the most significant effect on muscular-skeletal system pain were sitting at the desk for a long time without a break, working sitting on a chair that supported only the lumbar area and the arms, having the computer mouse at a distance from the keyboard, having the head inclined at 45° when working, working holding both forearms above the level of the desk, not taking exercise in daily life, and having a moderate or extremely stressful workplace (p < 0.05). The conclusion has been reached in this study that in order for office workers not to suffer musculoskeletal system pain, it is very important that the working environment should be ergonomically arranged and that various measures should be taken to ensure healthy life behavior. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(1):91-111.

The Bidirectional Effect between Momentary Affective States and Exercise Duration on a Day Level.

Despite the well-documented positive effect of exercise on health outcomes, most people do not succeed in exercising regularly. In addition to several other influences, affective states seem to support exercise participation. Associations between exercise and affect have been shown in the laboratory. However, the dynamic relation between affect and exercise in daily life is not yet well-understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the bi-directional effect of momentary affective states on naturally occurring exercise and vice versa in healthy participants in real-life environments by applying an ecological momentary assessment design. We hypothesized that (1) exercise duration is positively associated with affective states on a day level, (2) affective states in the morning predict subsequent exercise duration, and (3) exercise duration predicts affective states in the evening on that respective day. Data from N = 60 students aged between 19 and 32 years were analyzed. Affect and exercise duration were assessed daily over a period of 20 days via an electronic diary. Multilevel analysis revealed that positive affective valence was positively associated with exercise duration (p = 0.003) on a day level. In addition, the more the participants exercised that respective day, the better and more content they felt in the evening (p = 0.009). Energetic arousal in the morning significantly predicted subsequent exercise duration (p = 0.045). The findings indicate that it would be worthwhile to focus more on within-subject analyses when analyzing the dynamic relation between affect and exercise. Furthermore, affective states should be taken into account in creating effective interventions to foster exercise behavior and enhance maintenance.

Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension &amp; Associated Factor’s among students of Jazan in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Health-related issues has been one of the major factor of concern for the death since the last three decades in Saudi Arabia which includes diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other associated factors are considered as major risk factors. The investigation on the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and associated factors among students of Jazan, Saudi Arabia is an alarm for the hidden possible health threat among the students in the younger age. Methods: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and associated factors in fifty students of Jazan in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through interview using a structured questionnaire followed by clinical examination. Clinical practice methods were followed to estimate Cholesterol, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight, Diabetes and Hypertension from the sample. Results: A high percentage of participants i.e. 70% are pre diabetes, which is partly due to a more sedentary lifestyle and smoking and weight gain. 62% of participants reported no physical exercise in daily life. Habit of smoking is present among 44% of the participants over weight and obesity showed as 24% and 16% respectively. The high blood pressure among the participants was 36% and 64% were prehypertensive. Obesity and weight assessed by using Body Mass Index. The result showed 52% among the participants were in normal weight, 24% were overweight and 16% were obese. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and cholesterol level were associated with the risk of Pre-hypertension, hypertension, pre-diabetics and diabetics.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 708-713