Execution Of Technological Operations Research Articles

СИСТЕМА ПИТАНИЯ ДИЗЕЛЯ НА СМЕСЕВОМ ТОПЛИВЕ НА ТРАКТОРЕ ТИПА МТЗ

One of the types of motor fuel for motor diesel engines is a mixed fuel obtained by mixing mineral diesel fuel and vegetable oil. The experience of using such a mixed fuel on the MTР-80 tractor shows that the start and heating of the diesel engine must be carried out on mineral diesel fuel, and the operation of the diesel engine in other modes - on mixed fuel The purpose of the research is to develop a diesel power system on mixed fuel for adapting diesel engines of automotive equipment, for example, MTР type tractors to work on viscous vegetable fuel (31.54-34.56cSt). Most of the known systems have disadvantages, which are inherent in not being adapted to work on rapeseed oil, due to its viscosity, as well as contamination of the two-section pumping pump and mixing of contaminated fuels in the mixer, which leads to their contamination with suspended flakes. At the Department of Tractors, Automobiles and Technical Mechanics, the author proposed a diesel power system on mixed fuel, for which RF patent No. 2757356 was obtained. The article presents the device and the technological process of its operation. The execution of technological operations in the diesel power system on the mixed fuel of the MTР tractor type allows to improve the quality of cleaning due to the high viscosity of vegetable fuel (31.54-34.56 cSt) for the operation of the diesel engine. In addition, a multimedia device and a computer are used in the system, which controls the quality of mixing of two types of fuels. Further scientific research should be aimed at the introduction of computer equipment into the power supply system of the MTР type tractor diesel engine.

Group interaction of robots with an arbitrary kinematic diagram of manipulators during synchronous execution of technological operations

The stabilization of the manipulated object near the position of static equilibrium under kinematic and force disturbances during cooperative transportation by two robots of arbitrary structure is considered. The dynamic balance of an object in grippers is described by the Mathieu equation. The controlled executive system of the coupled robot provides adjustment of the manipulation system with minimal potential energy in the grippers. A variant of the optimal control in terms of speed is considered when transferring the system to a position close to static equilibrium. Keywords: robot, group control, controlled generalized coordinates, continuity of connections, cooperative work. vichizhikov@gmail.com

ФАКТОР ВРЕМЕНИ В СИТУАЦИОННОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫМИ ПЕРЕВОЗКАМИ ЖИВОЙ ПТИЦЫ

The urgency of the problem of reducing delays in the execution of technological operations for the transportation of live poultry by road has been substantiated. The proposed methodology is based on a situational approach to organizing the interaction of the staff of the poultry complex, aimed at promptly adjusting the modes of their work, in order to reduce delays in loading, moving and unloading the poultry vehicle, and the time spent by the bird in its body. The methodology includes five stages associated with the formation of an electronic daily request for transportation and its coordination with the participants of the transportation process, with an automatic calculation of the parameters of resource provision of transportation, with on-line monitoring of delays at its various stages, as well as with the development of management of operational measures to reduce the arising delays. Management decisions to reduce the resulting delays are typified. The economic effect is calculated and the expediency of practical implementation of the proposed recommendations is substantiated.

Results of Experimental Studies of the Seed Drill for Row Sowing SZD­4.0

Sowing units are considered to be the most complex agricultural machines, as they perform many operations - both sequentially and simultaneously. At the same time, agricultural producers are interested in the high-quality operation of the units. For the high-quality execution of technological operations and the improvement of energy indicators, seeders it is important to know and improve their design. ( Research purpose ) To determine the main agrotechnical and energy indicators of the seed drill for row sowing of SZD-4.0. ( Materials and methods ) Experimental studies of the SZD-4.0 seed drill were carried out on winter wheat sowing at a soil moisture content of 8.4-29.7 percent in a layer of 5-10 centimeters, a soil hardness of 0.8-2.0 megapascals, the depth of a loosened layer fractions of 0-10 centimeters amounted to 48.0-53.2 percent. Energy assessment was carried out at three speed modes in an aggregate with an MTZ-80 tractor equipped with a dynamometer and a measuring recording system. ( Results and discussion ) The main agrotechnical indicators of the seeder were revealed: the average depth of seed placement at the maximum, minimum and optimal depth of the coulters, the quantitative proportion of seeds planted at a specified depth, the height of the ridges after the passage of the unit, the number of seedlings and relative field germination. The authors studied the main energy indicators: the traction resistance of the seeder, the power consumption of the unit, the power spent on overcoming the traction resistance of the machine, the specific energy consumption of the unit, the specific fuel consumption during the main operation, the specific traction resistance. ( Conclusions ) It was confirmed that when the speed of the unit was 9.5-13.5 kilometers per hour, the working bodies of the seeder provided the depth of seed placement, the actual seeding rate, and the quantitative proportion of seeds planted in the layer corresponding to agricultural requirements. They determined the optimal mode of operation: at a speed of 12.04 kilometers per hour, with a coulter depth of 54.6 millimeters and when loading the engine of an energy facility by 76 percent.

Некоторые экономические аспекты формирования системы машин в льноводстве

Abstract. The main goal of our research is to consider the main economic factors that prevent the introduction of advanced technologies and to justify the need to change the state's approaches to supporting investment processes for the formation of advanced machine systems in flax industry, including on the basis of automation and digitalization of process management. Methods. In the work, based on the using of a wide range of analytical methods for studying economic phenomena in the flax growing industry, the using of computational-constructive and abstract-logical methods, using computational-constructive and abstract-logical methods, system analysis, recommendations were developed for the implementation of state support measures focused primarily on the complex system of machines in agriculture, independently of the financial and economic condition of economic entities. Results. The article shows that the complex mechanization of flax production is hindered both by the remaining insufficient level of financial and economic opportunities of commodity producers, and by the imperfection of state support. According to the analysis of data from the electronic information-analytical system testfirm.ru, it was revealed that only 34 % of the flax producers examined in 2018 were profitable, whose revenue exceeded 10 million rubles. It was revealed that the limited ability to update the main links and elements of the machine system leads to significant economic losses during the cultivation of flax, due to non-compliance with the execution of technological operations in the optimal time. Scientific novelty. The article presents the idea of the need, based on the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Russian Center for Agricultural Consulting on the formation and use of specialized resource-saving technologies for cultivating flax for fiber and seeds, to expand the scope of government support measures for flax-growing farms not only to financially sustainable enterprises. The article substantiates the general need for investments for the use of advanced machine systems in the combined technology of cultivation, harvesting and primary processing of flax in the amount of more than 114 million rubles per 1000 hectares of sown area of flax.

THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES TO EVALUATE THE TECHNOLOGICAL STRESS OF WHEAT WINTER

The article deals with the applied aspects of the use of UAVs, namely the monitoring of winter wheat crops in relation to the stresses caused by the herbicide effects. The effects of herbicides are understood to mean the effects of herbicide residues left over from the precursor culture that cause a stressful condition in new crops. The issue has local specificity related to the inconsistency of plant cultivation technologies and the lack of study of the effects of the latest plant protection products in domestic soil conditions. Restoration of crop yields is possible with timely identification of causes of stress, but decision-making time is limited, requiring the introduction of up-to-date industrial monitoring technologies. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology of operational monitoring using UAVs of winter crops for example wheat in relation to the effects of herbicide aftereffects. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions and in production fields for Mulan wheat. In laboratory studies using phytocameras it was not possible to establish for spectral or spectral spatial methods clear criteria that clearly indicated the stress caused by the herbicide effect. Field studies using the Slantrange UAV DJI Matrice 200 as an object of study analyzed the distribution of stress areas in the field. The experiments were conducted in 2018 at production fields in the Kiev region. It has been shown that maps of stress indices obtained from a high-resolution UAV database can be considered as a separate research object for the interpretation of stress causes of complex biotechnical objects such as crops. It has been established that monitoring and reliability of monitoring data can be achieved through the implementation of data processing and computer training systems to find correlation between the stress distribution of plants in the field and the execution of technological operations, terrain, etc.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE GRAIN DELIVERY QUALITY MANAGEMENT BY THE UKRAINIAN TERRITORY

The paper analyzes this day state of development and current trends in improving to the grain delivery quality management by the motor transport, within the framework both individual enterprises and the industry on the whole. It’s allowed to form the main purposes of the study this article. The scientific works about the grain delivery quality by road transport give main attention on the development of effective interaction between the process participants, but they don't consider possible changes in the execution of technological operations under the impact of relevant factors. It has been determined there is a need to choose a methodical approach to form effective grain delivery quality management to further reduce the cost of performed operations and accordingly to reduce grain losses. The structure of the process of grain cargo transportation quality management has been considered, namely: the place of transport processes in the functioning of the grain products subcomplex is determined; the scheme for the movement of grain cargoes along the routes is developed. Based on the known initial system's parameters (number of motor vehicles and specialized transport), output parameters (the grain loss throughout handling operations and transportation) and external ones (total amount of grain that was collected and transported, the prime cost of grain transportation, the coefficient of the spilling grain, the cost of grain), the object of study has been schematically presented in the white chest form. An analytical model in the form of total grain losses during the transportation has been constructed. A full-factorial experiment plan for five initial parameters consisting the 32 series of tests has been developed. At that the various combinations of external influence parameters, with appropriate intervals varying in number, have been used. As a result of experiment the values of grain losses during transportation by series of tests have been obtained. It has been determined that the numerical values of the two main parameters (the volume of transportation and the cost of freight) take on maximum ones. A regression analysis by linear function has been performed. With the help of Microsoft Excel some indicators have been calculated, such as the coefficients variables in an equation, the variance, the regression statistic, etc. The got model is found to be adequate because the value of R-squared goes toward 1 and equals 0.785. The values of the regression model coefficients as well as their adequate to the standard error, t-statistic, P-value, lower and upper value has been also checked. It has been established the obtained model allows to predict the system's conduct and to manage the grain delivery quality by the Ukrainian territory for the Company “HARMAR-Service”. Keywords: management, quality, delivery, grain, losses, road transport

FORMING OF A RATIONAL SCHEME OF SERVICING ORDERS FOR CARGO DELIVERY BY THE FREIGHT FORWARDING COMPANY

The paper analyzes this day state of development and current trends in the forming of a rational scheme for servicing cargo delivery orders within the framework both individual enterprises and transport on the whole. It’s allowed to form the main purposes of the study this article. The scientific works about the cargo delivery improve-ment by the freight forwarding enterprise focus on the development of effective interaction between the process participants, but they don't consider possible changes in the execution of technological operations under the impact of relevant factors. It has been determined there is a need to choose a methodical approach to form a rational order servicing scheme to further reduce the cost of cargo delivery and accordingly to increase the profits of freight forwarding enterprise. Seven alternative schemes of servicing the order for the cargo delivery by the freight forwarding company have been proposed. They take into account the possible combinations of the relevant operations list execution that accompany the transport process organization and realization. The process of choosing a rational scheme for the cargo delivery is guided by the maximum profit and considers the established parameters, such as: the customer service scheme, the transportation distance, the volume of cargo. In order to obtain the most reliable data on the parameters of the transport process, the required number of observations has been determined; it amounted to 127 observations of the volume of shipment, and 142 ones of the delivery distanc-es. The developed plan of full-factorial experiment allows to adequately assessing the effect of initial parameters (a shipment volume and a delivery distance) on the efficiency criterion (an enterprise's profit). The model's reproducibility check was performed with use Cochran's criterion, that was amounted 0.9779; it means the experiment can will be reproduce. According to certain assumptions, values of initial data and duration of operations that were performed by the enterprise, it has been calculated the values of the elements of the estimation indicator – income and expenses for each scheme of service, as well as the efficiency criterion – the profit. On the basis of the regression analysis of the experiment's results, a regression model in linear form with a non-zero coefficient has been determined, in which each coefficient indicates the respective factor influence quantity on the resultant indicator – the profit. It is found this model is the most adequate because the value of the "R-square" is the largest and equal to 1. The results of the profit determination showed that the highest level of the indicator is achieved when servicing the order for cargo delivery of 21.45 tons for a distance of 1817 km according to the scheme service № 5; it is the least costly in terms of number of services, time of work execution, when the vehicles and handling machinery are used effectively enough. In this case the company makes a profit of 28951.86 UAH, which is many 26292.69 UAH than servicing the order the existing in the enterprise scheme № 2. Keywords: rational scheme, delivery, freight forwarding company, profit

Material and power costs of machine-tractor unit operation as the complex criterion of its quality estimation

Possibility to estimate the machine-tractor units' quality on the base of material and power costs taking into account the coefficient of efficiency of unit under execution of technological operations of agricultural production is grounded.