Excursion Behavior Research Articles

Relationship Between Excursion Behavior and SNS Use in Central Area

近年、SNSの普及が目覚ましく、幅広い年齢層で利用されている。そのSNSの特徴の一つとして口コミの効果の高さがあげられ、口コミが人々の行動に及ぼす影響は極めて大きい。企業においてもSNSを活用したマーケティングが進んでおり、SNSは人々の消費、ひいては回遊、来店行動に大きく影響しているものと言える。 そこで本研究では、個人属性や同伴状況を考慮した上で、中心市街地における来店行動とSNSの利用の関係を明らかにしてきた。その結果、SNSの利用、特に情報発信を伴うことによって、目的地を定めないぶらりとした来店から、目的地を定めた目的型の来店になる傾向にあり、そこで時間やお金を消費する傾向にあること等が明らかになっている。

Visitor Excursion Behavior Model and Analysis on Its Temporal Transferability Between Significant Events

Visitor Excursion Behavior Model and Analysis on Its Temporal Transferability Between Significant Events

Verification Analysis of Temporal Transferability of Visitors' Excursion Behavior Modelling

Verification Analysis of Temporal Transferability of Visitors' Excursion Behavior Modelling

Understanding travel behavior: A study of school excursion motivations, constraints and behavior

A more detailed understanding of actual travel behavior is crucial to better understand travel patterns and determine the attractiveness of target markets. Educational tourism, and school excursion tourism in particular, is a relatively under researched and poorly understood segment of the tourism industry. This paper examines the influence of socio-demographics, motivations and constraints on planned and actual school excursion behavior. A total of 1,314 schools from across Australia participated in an online survey. Analysis revealed the importance of interpersonal constraints at explaining both planned and actual travel. Socio-demographics including the number of staff and students at the school, and a dedicated school excursion planner helped to explain the average length of stay of school excursions. The push motive of ‘new experiences’ positively influenced the number of overnight excursions undertaken, while the push/pull motive of ‘a reward’ helped explain longer length of stay and distance travelled, alongside socio-demographic factors. Practical implications are outlined for both destinations and attractions interested in targeting school excursions. Future research avenues are also outlined based on the research findings and limitations.

Mapping Center Of Pressure during Standing Reach Tasks

Postural stability and balance during manual material handling and industrial tasks are fundamental to ergonomic assessment of workplace tasks. Previous research has determined that accurate prediction of a person’s balance maintenance strategy is one of the most important parameters affecting the accuracy of posture prediction algorithms. Digital human modeling has the potential to provide designers with accurate tools to represent human posture, but currently available software typically lacks empirically-derived models of center of pressure (CoP) excursion. This paper presents an overview of a study that systematically quantified CoP excursion behavior through a series of standing reach tasks for participants with a wide range of body size. CoP excursion was greatly affected by foot placement and target location. The overall goal of this research is to develop an empirical model of center of pressure (CoP) excursion that can be integrated into human figure modeling software to improve prediction of standing postures typically observed in industrial tasks.

Characterization of excursion behavior in bicycle users through GPS trace data

Characterization of excursion behavior in bicycle users through GPS trace data

Integral effect test on station blackout (SBO) scenario with steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) in ATLAS facility

Station blackout (SBO) is one of the most important design extension conditions (DECs) because a total loss of the heat sink leads to a core uncovery or damage without any proper operator action. During a long transient of an SBO, a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident can occur when a steam generator tube is exposed to a superheated steam flow. In this study, a prolonged SBO with an SGTR occurrence was experimentally investigated by performing an integral effect test with the ATLAS facility. For the transient simulation, the tube rupture was simulated when the core water level became below the top of the active core. As an accident management measure, the auxiliary feedwater was supplied to the intact steam generator when the maximum heater surface temperature started to show an excursion behavior. The experimental results showed that a single tube rupture could not sufficiently reduce the primary system pressure before the injection of the auxiliary feedwater. A delayed supply of the auxiliary feedwater after an excursion of the heater surface temperature successfully cooled the primary system until the end of the transient, where inflow of the coolant from the pressurizer contributed to a recovery of the coolant inventory in the core. The natural circulation flow characteristics in the primary system showed an oscillating behavior depending on the heat removal rate of the steam generators. This integral effect test data can be used to evaluate the prediction capability of safety analysis codes and identify code deficiencies in predicting an SBO transient with an SGTR occurrence.

Sustained concentration and temperature oscillations in a diesel oxidation catalyst

A diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) comprising an alumina-based washcoat of Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) is used to catalyze the oxidation of a diesel exhaust containing hydrocarbons (HCs) with sufficiently high conversion. A large-pore zeolite such as Beta (BEA) is added to the DOC to trap diesel exhaust hydrocarbons during the cold start. There is a need to gain insight on how BEA affects the performance of the HC light-off and of the transient HC oxidation. We conducted steady-state and transient trapping experiments involving the n-dodecane in order to enable improved trap design and operating strategy. Simultaneous spatio-temporal measurements of concentration and temperature, respectively by spatially-resolved mass spectrometry and coherent optical frequency domain reflectometer, provide detailed insight into the reactor dynamics. Steady-state experiments reveal unexpected periodic oscillations of CO2 and temperature in a feed temperature range (142–181 °C). The oscillatory amplitude increases with decreasing space velocity. Temperature programmed oxidation experiments reveal unusual multi-peak CO2 generation and temperature excursion behavior. A lower ramp-rate increases the number of the additional peaks. In addition, at a low heating/cooling rate of ±1 °C/min, a counter-clockwise hysteresis behavior exists. The oscillations and multi-peak behavior indicates coupling between HC trapping and oxidation. Analysis of the behavior during the hysteresis suggests that HC trapping and oxidation dominate in different regions along the length of the monolith. Since the downstream is much hotter than the upstream, the HC is re-trapped by the upstream BEA and is oxidized downstream. This study provides insight into the spatiotemporal features of the transient HC trapping and oxidation of BEA/DOC catalysts. To our knowledge, it is the first report of oscillations in a hydrocarbon trap.

Development of the System to Support Tourists’ Excursion Behavior using Augmented Reality

The purpose of this study is to develop an information system (AR recommended GIS) to support tourists’ excursion behavior by making the accumulating, sharing, and recommending of information concerning urban tourist spots possible. The conclusion of this study can be summarized into three points as shown below. (1) In order to support tourists’ excursion behaviors by integrating SNS, Twitter, Web-GIS, recommendation system, and Smart Eyeglass, in addition to making the accumulating, sharing, and recommending of information regarding urban tourist spots possible, the AR recommended GIS was designed and developed. (2) 91% were between the age of 20-40 among the 91 users, and the ultimate number of submitted information was 161. In addition, concerning the operation using Smart Eyeglass, which was conducted with tourists in the Minato Mirai area, the total number of users were 34, age of users were spread out, and all users had no experience in using Smart Eyeglasses. (3) From the results of the Web questionnaire survey, the system is compatible for the collection method of tourist spot information for users, and is mainly used to collect tourist spot information using the viewing and recommendation functions. From the results of the access analysis using the log data form during the operation, the utilization method of the system with PCs and mobile information terminals were very similar. Additionally, as the system using AR Smart Eyeglass was rated extremely highly, it was evident that it is possible to support tourists’ excursion behavior using PCs, mobile information terminals, and AR Smart Eyeglasses are possible.

Separation of metallic residues from the dissolution of a high-burnup BWR fuel using nitrogen trifluoride

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) was used to fluorinate the metallic residue from the dissolution of a high burnup, boiling water reactor fuel (∼70MWd/kgU). The washed residue included the noble-metal phase (containing ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, technetium, and molybdenum), smaller amounts of zirconium, selenium, tellurium, and silver, along with trace quantities of plutonium, uranium, cesium, cobalt, europium, and americium, likely as their oxides. Exposing the noble metal phase to 10% NF3 in argon, between 400 and 550°C, removed molybdenum and technetium near 400°C as their volatile fluorides, and ruthenium near 500°C as its volatile fluoride. The events were thermally and temporally distinct and the conditions specified provide a recipe to separate these transition metals from each other and from the nonvolatile residue. Depletion of the volatile fluorides resulted in substantial exothermicity. Thermal excursion behavior was recorded with the thermal gravimetric instrument operated in a non-adiabatic, isothermal mode; conditions that typically minimize heat release. Physical characterization of the noble-metal phase and its thermal behavior are consistent with high kinetic velocity reactions encouraged by the nanoparticulate phase or perhaps catalytic influences of the mixed platinum metals with nearly pure phase structure. Post-fluorination, only two products were present in the residual nonvolatile fraction. These were identified as a nano-crystalline, metallic palladium cubic phase and a hexagonal rhodium trifluoride (RhF3) phase. The two phases were distinct as the sub-μm crystallites of metallic palladium were in contrast to the RhF3 phase, which grew from the parent, nano-crystalline noble-metal phase during fluorination, to acicular crystals exceeding 20-μm in length.

Development of Social Recommendation GIS for Tourist Spots

This study aims to develop a social recommendation media GIS (Geographic Information Systems) specially tailored to recommend tourist spots. The conclusions of this study are summarized in the following three points. (1) Social media GIS, an information system which integrates Web-GIS, SNS and recommendation system into a single system, was conducted in the central part of Yokohama City in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The social media GIS uses a design which displays its usefulness in reducing the constraints of information inspection, time and space, and continuity, making it possible to redesign systems in accordance with target cases. (2) The social media GIS was operated for two months for members of the general public who are more than 18 years old. The total numbers of users was 98, and the number of pieces of information submitted was 232. (3) The web questionnaires of users showed the usefulness of the integration of Web-GIS, SNS and recommendation systems, because the functions of reference and recommendation can be expected to support tourists’ excursion behavior. Since the access survey of log data showed that about 35% of accesses were from mobile information terminals, it can be said that the preparation of an optimal interface for such terminals was effective.

Actual state analysis of excursion behavior between two commercial areas with different characteristic in city center

Actual state analysis of excursion behavior between two commercial areas with different characteristic in city center

Do Behavioral Foraging Responses of Prey to Predators Function Similarly in Restored and Pristine Foodwebs?

Efforts to restore top predators in human-altered systems raise the question of whether rebounds in predator populations are sufficient to restore pristine foodweb dynamics. Ocean ecosystems provide an ideal system to test this question. Removal of fishing in marine reserves often reverses declines in predator densities and size. However, whether this leads to restoration of key functional characteristics of foodwebs, especially prey foraging behavior, is unclear. The question of whether restored and pristine foodwebs function similarly is nonetheless critically important for management and restoration efforts. We explored this question in light of one important determinant of ecosystem function and structure – herbivorous prey foraging behavior. We compared these responses for two functionally distinct herbivorous prey fishes (the damselfish Plectroglyphidodon dickii and the parrotfish Chlorurus sordidus) within pairs of coral reefs in pristine and restored ecosystems in two regions of these species' biogeographic ranges, allowing us to quantify the magnitude and temporal scale of this key ecosystem variable's recovery. We demonstrate that restoration of top predator abundances also restored prey foraging excursion behaviors to a condition closely resembling those of a pristine ecosystem. Increased understanding of behavioral aspects of ecosystem change will greatly improve our ability to predict the cascading consequences of conservation tools aimed at ecological restoration, such as marine reserves.

The effect of accessibility improvement on tourist excursion behaviors

One of the most important issues in the current tourism in Japan is to identify the ways to build attractive cities and/or towns and to provide satisfying experience of tourism products. It is therefore necessary to understand the kind of needs and wants potential tourists can obtain from their touring experience. Particularly effective for this purpose is an Area Marketing and Management Approach (AMMA). This paper introduces a basic framework of the AMMA and proposes a practical procedure for quantitatively measuring the effect of accessibility improvement on tourist travel demand and activity patterns. It discusses a practical method for measuring accessibility improvement effect, focusing on the increase of the number of visitors to the tourism areas where the level of service in accessing transport facilities is planned to be improved. Also added in the paper is an empirical case study with a tourism area in Japan.

Investigation on the structural characteristics of metallic glasses based on the first displacement excursion behavior in nanoindentation

► The first pop-in initiation becomes difficult with the BMG diameter. ► The first pop-in initiation becomes difficult with annealing temperature. ► Free volume decreases with the diameter and annealing temperature. ► The first pop-in behavior reflects the cluster bonding characteristic. ► Cluster bonding characteristic is significant in understanding BMG properties. The first displacement excursion (pop-in) behavior of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with different casting diameters and annealing conditions is studied by nanoindentation test using a spherical indenter. It is found that the load, displacement and the well-predicted shear stress corresponding to the first pop-in initiation distinctly increase with the sample diameter and annealing temperature. By using differential scanning calorimetry, it is revealed that the free volume decreases with the sample diameter and annealing temperature, indicating that the first pop-in initiation is greatly affected by the free volume amount in BMGs. Based on the distribution of free volume and cluster derived from a series of BMGs’ models, it is revealed that the first pop-in initiation reflects the breakdown of cluster bonds, viz., the cluster bonding characteristic in general, which plays a significant role in understanding of the mechanical properties of BMGs.

A magneto-elastic sensor for screening of body position and mobility during sleep

The paper concerns a detector for biomedical screening of sleep apnea which may yield severe reduction of life expectation. The detector is mounted on the thorax including several sensors for respiratory and cardiac activities. A n additional magneto-elastic sensor, which is described in this paper, s hould register both the body position and body movements, both being relevant for diagnostics. The sensor is based on a magneto-elastic bilayer of high bending sensitivity operated in acceleration mode. The sensor is being optimized with respect to material matching, loading (mass optimization) and length, as well as (limited) excursion, resonance frequency and thermal behavior. Application is reported for lab tests on short time events of three kinds: (a) body positions, with focus on back position which favors positive findings, (b) body movements, ranging from arm/leg movement s up to upper body rolls, and (c) physiological activities such as respiration, indicating additional pot entials of the sensor. The magnetic concept promises a component which is compact, robust, free of wear and cheap. It will be used in combination with sensors for respiration effort and cardiac activity, a iming for a robust single-spot home monitoring device for the assessment of sleep apnea syndrome.

Postfledging family space use in great tits in relation to environmental and parental characteristics

Parental care has been widely studied in birds and mammals, but variation in space use in family groups has received less attention, despite its potential importance for both survival and subsequent dispersal of offspring. In this study, we evaluate factors affecting postfledging family space use in a small territorial songbird, the great tit (Parus major). Family space use was monitored using radio tracking. Our main objectives were 1) to quantify in detail the temporal and spatial scale of family movements, 2) to test behavioral hypotheses explaining when and how frequently families leave their breeding territory, and 3) to test to what extent movements were based on familiarity with the environment. We found that variation in space use was to a large extent due to some families, but not others, regularly undertaking foraging excursions of up to more than a kilometer away. Daily excursion probability was higher for families occupying low-quality territories, and consequently, these families covered larger areas during foraging. Excursion behavior and range use also strongly depended on maternal breeding experience and personality. We further present some striking examples of inexperienced mothers moving toward previously visited areas, suggesting that familiarity with the environment plays an important role in patterns of space use. Overall, our results suggest that variation in family movements reflects different foraging strategies in relation to parental characteristics. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.

選択肢集合形成のプロセスモデルを用いた観光地間の魅力の相互作用に関する分析

In this Paper, we analyzed the destination set of excursion of sightseeing tour. The adopted model assumes exploring process on the destination set decision in order to avoid computational problem. The Inter-correlation between destinations was considered using static and probabilistic variables in utility function. The result showed significant negative inter-correlation at the combination of different categories. This result helps to analyze excursion behaviors of tourists and to suggest advisable routes for tourists.

Investigation into Open-air Parking Lots and User's Excursion Behavior after Parking in the Kumamoto City Center

The actual condition of open-air coin parking lots and the way drivers use open-air parking lots are investigated by data of questionnaire survey to parking users as well as of observation in the central area of Kumamoto City. Moreover, questionnaires regarding future land use for open-air parking lots are conducted to the landowners of the parking lots. In order not only to arrange traffic flows but also to activate excursion behavior by visitors, activation policies that land owners intend to integrate individual parking lots and to change their land use to the multi-stories parking should be preceded.

PH transitions in cation exchange chromatographic columns containing weak acid groups

Complex pH transitions occur in cation exchange columns used for protein chromatography during equilibration and salt elution steps when the stationary phase contains weak acid groups even if the mobile phase is buffered and the buffering species do not interact with the stationary phase. In this work, we present a local equilibrium model to predict the magnitude and duration of these pH transients. The model equations are solved by the method of characteristics and by numerical simulations using an equilibrium-dispersive model. By incorporating an explicit description of the dissociation of the weakly ionogenic groups in the resin, we show that counterion binding in the column can be predicted for different buffer systems based on a single experimental resin titration curve without having to resort to empirically defined adsorption equilibrium constants. Model predictions based on these assumptions are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental results obtained for three different resins containing varying concentrations of weak acid groups. Four common buffer systems, acetate, citrate, MES, and phosphate are considered with both step and gradient changes in salt concentration at pH 5.5. Each buffer yields a different pH excursion behavior. We demonstrate that when the counterion concentration is kept constant in each of these buffers, which is needed to attain identical protein adsorption behavior, the magnitude of the pH transitions occurring during salt steps is nearly independent of the buffer system. On the other hand, the duration of the pH transitions is smallest for MES suggesting that this buffer system is preferable where pH variations are to be prevented.