Exclusion Strategies Research Articles

Unraveling the ecological niche signals of Verticillium dahliae: Insights from Mediterranean landscapes.

Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by the soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a major disease impacting olive crops globally. In view of the lack of effective post-infection treatments, exclusion and avoidance strategies are essential in disease management. Assessing the risks posed by this pathogen is essential to prevent the spread and to ensure selection of suitable sites for new plantations. This study aimed to elucidate the environmental factors driving V. dahliae establishment in the Andalusia region, in southern Spain, an emblematic Mediterranean landscape for olive cultivation. To this end, we explored ecological niche signals for this fungal pathogen by analyzing 62 environmental variables across 1.6 million hectares dedicated to olive and cotton cultivation, using a 15-yr survey data on VW incidence on presence-absence from both olive and cotton fields. To ensure robust identification of ecological niche signals, we employed randomization-based, non-parametric univariate tests to compare presence records with the broader sampling universe (including absence records). Our findings identified key environmental variables that are associated significantly with V. dahliae presence, including temperature range seasonality (including mean diurnal and annual ranges), summer temperature (maximum of the warmest month, mean of the warmest quarter), and moisture and water availability (near-surface humidity, potential evapotranspiration, vapor pressure) as core niche variables for V. dahliae. Our results replicated the pathogen's known distribution, identifying the Guadalquivir Valley as a particularly high-risk area in view of its mild winters and distinct rainy seasons, providing new insights into the specific environmental conditions that facilitate the pathogen's survival and spread. Furthermore, this study introduces a novel approach to niche modeling that prioritizes variables with consistent effects and significant impact on the presence and distribution of V. dahliae and identifies potential data artifacts. This approach enhances our understanding of ecological requirements in V. dahliae and informs targeted management strategies.

THE ATTACK OF AL-SYIFA HOSPITAL IN THE REPORT OF ONLINE MEDIA REPUBLIKA, ALJAZEERA, AND BBC NEWS

This article aims to reveal the exclusion and inclusion strategies and the differences in the use of reporting strategies onthe news of the Al-Syifa Hospital attack on Republika, Aljazeera, and BBC News online media using Van Luwen's critical discourse analysis theory. The type of research used is a qualitative method. Data sources are taken from Republika online news media entitled Pasukan Israel Kepung 3 Rumah Sakit di Gaza dan Mengebom kembali RS Al-Shifa, Aljazeera net entitled Al-Jazirah Nit Tarshadu Awdhaa'uhu, Hakadza Yabdu al-Mustasyfa al-Indunisiya bi Gazzah tahta al-Qashfi, and BBC News entitled “Israeli Militarry Looking into Reports of Gaza Hospital Blast”. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques, namely data presentation, data analysis, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the news strategy used on Republika online media is an exclusion strategy with passivization and nominalization, and an inclusion strategy with differentiation, abstraction, nomination categorization, and nomination identification. Aljazeera uses exclusion strategies with passivization and nominalization techniques, as well as inclusion strategies with abstraction, nomination categorization and dissociation techniques. BBC News only uses exclusionary strategies with, passivization nominalization, and clause replacement techniques. The use of news strategies on Republika and Aljazeera media contrasts sharply with the use of strategies in the BBC News media, which only uses exclusion strategy. The use of these strategies shows that Republika and Aljazeera online media support Palestine, while BBC News online media support Israel.

Reducing nest box entrance diameter impacts mammal occupancy

Tree hollows are an important resource for cavity‐nesting birdlife. When large, old trees are removed from a landscape, nest boxes are often installed as part of restoration efforts to replace lost natural cavities. If nest boxes are to be successful conservation tools, non‐target species, particularly competitive and predatory species, need to be prevented from entering nest boxes. Several different modifications to nest boxes aimed at excluding non‐target species have been trialed in previous studies. We tested the effectiveness of reducing the entrance diameter of nest boxes to exclude non‐target species in Southeast Queensland, Australia. We used restrictor plates to reduce the entrance diameter of nest boxes from 90 to 60 and 50 mm and compared the wildlife occupancy of nest boxes with these three entrance diameters. We found that Common brushtail possums, a predator of cavity‐nesting birds and eggs, were significantly less likely to occupy nest boxes with reduced entrance diameters and were excluded from nest boxes with a 50‐mm entrance diameter. Squirrel gliders occupied nest boxes with all three entrance diameters. Introduced species, namely the Common myna and the European honeybee, also occupied nest boxes with restrictor plates. Installation of nest boxes with reduced entrance diameters is a simple and effective strategy to exclude brushtail possums from nest boxes. However, a reduced entrance diameter cannot exclude other non‐target species, and we suggest that other exclusion strategies should be used in conjunction with reduced entrance diameters to increase the occupation of nest boxes by native birds.

Social Actors Represented at the Press Conference on the Case of Chaka Zulu

In June 2022, people in the United States, especially celebrities were shocked by the news of the murder. The manager of actor and rapper Ludacris, Chaka Zulu, was accused as the murderer. With that accusations, he receive various negative reaction from the public. Chaka’s legal team immediately held a press conference to sway public opinion and in that occasion, it could be found social actor representation. Among the many pieces of research regarding social actor representation, research that investigate spoken discourse is rarely carried out. Therefore, this study aims to investigate exclusion and inclusion strategies used by lawyers when representing social actors in press conference. This study uses van Leeuwen’s social actor representation theory (2008). It uses a descriptive-qualitative method to ensure clear data analysis. The data were obtained from the FOX 5 Atlanta YouTube channel. This study reveals that lawyers use exclusion and inclusion. The lawyers used more inclusion than exclusion. Moreover, the most frequent sub-inclusion strategy is role allocation, as active and passive roles allow lawyers to show who is guilty and who is not. Meanwhile, the most frequent exclusion strategy is suppression, it allows lawyers to eliminate actors and emphasize others. Future studies is recommended to explore other van Leeuwen approaches. Future studies can also use other spoken discourse as research topics, for example press conference with public relation or others.

Probiotic Effect of Streptococcus dentisani on Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study.

Probiotics, including Streptococcus dentisani, have been proposed as an alternative to re-establish the ecology of the oral cavity and inhibit the formation of pathogenic biofilms. The main objective of this work was to assess the probiotic ability of S. dentisani against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, and Candida albicans biofilms. The ability of the strains to form a monospecies biofilm and the probiotic potential of S. dentisani using the competition, exclusion, and displacement strategies were determined. All strains were moderate biofilm producers. The ability of S. dentisani to compete with and exclude S. mutans and S. mitis during biofilm formation was not significant. However, S. dentisani significantly reduced pathologic streptococcal biofilms using the displacement strategy. Also S. dentisani reduced the formation of the C. albicans biofilm mainly through competition and displacement. In vitro, S. dentisani exhibited probiotic potential to reduce the formation of potentially pathogenic biofilms. Further investigation is required to understand the biofilm-inhibiting mechanisms exhibited by this probiotic strain.

Young children and adults use reasoning by exclusion rather than attraction to novelty to disambiguate novel word meanings.

Upon hearing a novel label, listeners tend to assume that it refers to a novel, rather than a familiar object. While this disambiguation or mutual exclusivity (ME) effect has been robustly shown across development, it is unclear what it involves. Do listeners use their pragmatic and lexical knowledge to exclude the familiar object and thus select the novel one? Or is the effect, at least in early childhood, simply based on an attraction to novelty and a direct mapping of the novel label to a novel object? In a preregistered online study with 2- to 3-year-olds (n = 75) and adults (n = 112), we examined (a) whether relative object novelty alone (without pragmatic or lexical information) could account for participants' disambiguation and (b) whether participants' decision processes involved reasoning by exclusion. Participants encountered either a known and an unknown object (classic ME condition) or two unknown objects, one completely novel and one preexposed (novelty condition) as potential referents of a novel label. Reasoning by exclusion was assessed by children's looking patterns and adults' explanations. In the classic ME condition, children and adults significantly chose the novel object and both used reasoning by exclusion. In contrast, in the novelty condition, children and adults chose randomly. Across conditions, a retention test revealed that adults remembered their prior selections, while children's performance was fragile. These results suggest that referent disambiguation is not based on relative object novelty alone. Instead, to resolve referential ambiguity, both young children and adults seem to make use of pragmatic and/or lexical sources of information and to engage in reasoning by exclusion strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Management Strategies for Open Bite Relapse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of orthodontic therapy is to correct malocclusion and produce a stable outcome that endures over time. Long-term stability can be difficult to achieve, and many patients relapse after treatment, particularly in instances of open bite relapse (OBR). This systematic review aimed to analyze different types of management strategies for OBR and conduct a meta-analysis to find the best method of dealing with relapse. A comprehensive search was carried out across six major online databases using relevant keywords pertaining to our study, including "open bite relapse," "orthodontic retention," "orthodontic surgery," "orthodontic appliance," "orthodontic management," "orthodontic treatment," "orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT)," "skeletal anchorage," and "treatment follow-up period." Eleven studies were selected after the application of relevant inclusion and exclusion strategies. The mean follow-up period of treatment for the studies ranged from six months to 4.5 years. Of all the management strategies assessed, OMT was found to be the least effective for OBR management. Surgical management modalities, such as mandibular repositioning and molar intrusion using skeletal anchorage, in conjunction with the usage of orthodontic appliances, were found to be noticeably effective, especially in the cases of participants who were <18 years of age. However, when utilized on a singular basis, either of them was found to be lacking the desired effect. The overall odds ratio (OR) of 0.48 (0.37, 0.64) and risk ratio (RR) of 0.62 (0.51, 0.74) were obtained after the meta-analysis of the different interventions for OBR, indicating statistical significance. There were only 11 studies included in the study, so it's possible that not all management strategies for OBR were fully understood. The limited number of studies may also have affected the generalizability of the findings. Although statistical differences were obtained to a certain degree, more clinical trials are needed to assess the effect of such surgical modalities as a viable management tool for OBR, since these represent a significant limiting factor in terms of the overall cost of the treatment placed upon the patient. Prior to the start of the research, registration was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The research protocol was created to meet the goals and was properly filed with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023401991).

STRATEGY IN SAMPRADAYA DISCOURSE ON FACEBOOK

Background: The term sampradaya is used to denote the Hindu spiritual community in Bali with new traditions and ways originating in India starting in 1980. The debate about sampradaya also took place on social media, resulting in contesting discourses. Research on sampradaya discourse on social media is still very poorly conducted. Based on this, the study aims to determine the strategy of sampradaya discourse in the battle of discourse about sampradaya on Facebook. Methods: This research uses a combination of critical di methods Teun Van Dijk model and netnographic methods. Research data in the form of discourse was collected by copying communication between participants in the Facebook community environment. Result: Based on research, the strategies used by discourse in combat are symbolic capital strategies, reproduction strategies, distinctive strategies, rejection and exclusion strategies, and transformation strategies. Conclussion: The strategies employed in the discourse battles of the Sampradaya on Facebook encompass symbolic capital, reproduction, distinction, rejection and exclusion, and transformation strategies. The use of these strategies in discourse battles aims to maintain and, in some cases, alter the distribution of symbolic resources in relation to power hierarchies, thereby influencing the online community.

Efficient Exclusion Strategy of Shadowed RIS in Dynamic Indoor Programmable Wireless Environments

Recent efforts have promoted programmable wireless environments (PWEs) to enhance the reception quality in high-frequency bands via reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). However, relevant research efforts are limited to setups with stationary users. This paper shows that crowd mobility in indoor PWEs induces spatio-temporal shadows on the surfaces, resulting in spatio-temporal sparsity in channel gains due to signal blockages. This overlooked aspect impacts the operation strategy of PWEs as the shadowed RIS tiles would contribute to the overheads while offering almost no improvement to the reception quality. Hence, this paper proposes an optimal strategy that excludes the shadowed tiles, which maximizes the utilization efficiency of RISs while minimizing the overheads. Since signal blockage is tied with the details of user mobility, a general model does not exist to identify such shadowed tiles for exclusion. Hence, we follow a data-driven approach that capitalizes on a realistic indoor mobility model and ray-tracing to generate the channel data. However, conventional ray-tracing presents high complexity that hinders data generation. So, we propose an approach to identify the shadow regions with a nine-order of magnitude reduction in complexity to efficiently generate the channel data. Furthermore, we present two exclusion strategies that offer guaranteed and best-effort quality-of-service support, and each can identify the tiles to be excluded via a search method with a complexity of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(N)</i> for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> tiles. The results indicate that the proposed strategies reduce the overheads by 45 - 50% while maintaining optimal service quality in various environments, operation frequencies, and user and access point density.

Kanjuruhan tragedy in the New York Times: A critical discourse analysis

AbstractOn October 1, 2022, the Kanjuruhan Football Tragedy in Malang, Indonesia, marked a poignant event, drawing significant media coverage, particularly by The New York Times. This incident, involving the police, supporters, and the government, unfolded amidst complex dynamics of action and response. This paper aims to dissect the media portrayal of these entities, examining the nuances of representation in news narratives. Adopting Van Leeuwen's (2008) Critical Discourse Analysis framework, the study employs a qualitative methodology to analyze how Social Actors are depicted through inclusion and exclusion strategies, alongside the portrayal of Social Actions through action and reaction approaches. The analysis of The New York Times' coverage reveals that the police were frequently portrayed as the enforcers of security, often resorting to measures like firing tear gas, while the supporters were depicted as reacting to these measures and significantly impacted by the tragedy. The government was represented as the overarching authority, responsible for managing the situation and its aftermath. This study uncovers a multi-layered narrative in the news discourse, highlighting the complexity of representing different actors in high-impact events. It concludes that media narratives in such scenarios are intricate, often shaped by the interplay of various actors' roles and actions. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive discourse analysis in understanding media representations, suggesting future research should extend the scope of analysis by integrating broader elements from Van Leeuwen’s framework and other Critical Discourse Analysis theories to gain deeper insights into media portrayals in similar situations.

āl-Irhāb āl-Ijrāmiy fi Bandung fi āl-Akhbār āl-'Arābiyāh ālā āl-Intirnit; Istinādān ilā tāhlil āl-Khithāb ān-Naqdiy li Theo Van Leeuwen

The mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion and influencing people's perceptions of important issues being discussed, one of which is terrorism. This research aims to identify and analyze critical discourse through exclusion strategies and inclusion strategies and describe the three Arab online media in constructing news. This research uses a critical discourse analysis approach from Theo van Leeuwen's perspective. Researchers used qualitative methods with content analysis techniques from Arabic online media, namely al Arabiya.net, al Jazeera.net, and okaz.com.sa with the theme of Indonesian criminal terrorism news namely Suicide Bombing in Bandung December 7, 2022 edition. The collection technique uses the documentation, observation, and record method. The results of the research show that the exclusion strategy is used in the media al Arabiya.net with 2 data and al Jazeera.net with 1 data, and the inclusion strategy is used in the media al Arabiya.net 6 models, al Jazeera.net 7 models, and okaz.com.sa as many as 5 data models. The three online media have a tendency towards groups or government agencies rather than terrorists. Furthermore, suggestions for further research use the theory of media psychology and emotional effects.

Antisocial peer exclusion does not eliminate the effectiveness of prosocial peer exclusion in structured populations

While prosocial exclusion has been proposed as a mechanism to maintain cooperation in one-shot social dilemma games, the evolution of prosocial peer exclusion in response to the threat of antisocial peer exclusion, particularly in structured populations, remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we employ an extended spatial public goods game to investigate the evolution of prosocial peer exclusion and its impact on cooperation in the presence of both prosocial and antisocial peer exclusion. Our model encompasses four primary strategies: traditional cooperation and defection, prosocial peer exclusion targeting defectors, and antisocial peer exclusion targeting cooperators. Our findings illuminate that the presence of antisocial peer exclusion significantly disrupts network reciprocity and suppresses cooperation. However, when coexisting with prosocial peer exclusion, it does not undermine the latter’s efficacy in upholding cooperation, except in scenarios with low exclusion costs Unlike the cooperation-sustaining cyclic dominance pattern observed in the exclusive presence of prosocial peer exclusion, the co-presence of prosocial and antisocial peer exclusion gives rise to more intricate pathways for maintaining cooperation. These pathways include cyclic dominance involving traditional cooperation, prosocial peer exclusion, and antisocial peer exclusion, or a similar pattern involving traditional defection and the two exclusion strategies, or even cyclic dominance among all four strategies. In essence, our study enhances the theoretical framework concerning the effectiveness of the prosocial exclusion strategy, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of its dynamics.

Consequential lightning-caused wildfires and the “let burn” narrative

BackgroundCurrent guidance for implementation of United States federal wildland fire policy charges agencies with restoring and maintaining fire-adapted ecosystems while limiting the extent of wildfires that threaten life and property, weighed against the risks posed to firefighters. These ostensibly conflicting goals can make it difficult to clearly communicate specific response objectives of a given incident. Inherent ambiguity can expose land management agencies, like the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS), to scrutiny when once remote, lightning-ignited wildfires burn across boundaries and result in damage. One such incident was the 2021 Tamarack Fire, ignited by lightning in a remote USFS wilderness area and ultimately burning 27,776 ha across multiple jurisdictions and destroying 25 structures. Intense sociopolitical interest developed around this incident, reigniting a “let burn” policy debate of the USFS despite this policy not formally existing. We provide a first approximation at quantifying the base rates of potentially consequently lightning-caused fires like the Tamarack Fire. We use multiple sources of fire-reporting data to characterize USFS fires from 2009 to 2020 by management-strategy to identify Tamarack Fire analogs. Within Incident Command System 209 (ICS-209) reports for fires originating on USFS lands, we identified 32 wildfires with similar key characteristics to the Tamarack Fire; nearly half ignited within wilderness areas.ResultsInitial strategies were driven by resource objectives for only six of the 32 wildfires; firefighter hazard mitigation was the primary driver of all others. No fire exhibited every characteristic of the Tamarack Fire. Analog fires accounted for a small percent (3.4%) of large (> 121 ha) USFS lightning-caused ignitions. These fires were responsible for 61.6% of structures destroyed and 25.8% of total personnel commitments of large lightning-caused USFS fires.ConclusionsLightning-ignited wildfires that could have resulted in sociopolitical controversy are rare, and those with strategies driven by resource objective are even rarer. More commonly, risks posed to firefighters from terrain, snags, or accessibility are factors driving strategy, even when fires ignite within wilderness areas. These results suggest that simple definitions of strategy such as those reported within the ICS-209 lack clarity and may increase sociopolitical pressure on the agency to continue aggressive fire exclusion strategies.

Trubunkaltim.co News Analysis on the Halt of Ladyboy Event in Samarinda

Background. This research aims to analyze and conclude information about Theo Van Leeuwen's exclusion and inclusion strategies in the East Kalimantan Tribune news when stopping the ladyboy event in Samarinda City. Purpose. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Indonesia are vulnerable to discrimination such as inequality in education, employment, health, social assistance, and freedom of expression or public space in society. Tribun Kaltim is a mass media that reported the termination of the ladyboy event in Samarinda. Method. This research method uses critical discourse analysis modeled by Theo Van Leeuwen to find out how one party or group is featured or omitted in the text. The research found 5 exclusion data and 32 inclusion data. Results. The results are in accordance with Theo Van Leeuwen's theory that a certain group or social actor can be eliminated and even marginalized in the text or discourse. The results also reinforce the concept of the hierarchy of media content influence in mass communication studies, which understands how news texts by certain media agencies can be influenced by internal and external factors, such as the background of journalists, media reader segmentation, media organization policies, and external news sources from media organizations. Conclusion. From the research results, it can be concluded that there are 5 exclusion data and 32 inclusion data.

Exclusion strategy in socially responsible investment: One size does not fit all

A better overlap between the exclusion set used by socially responsible investments (SRI) managers and individual preferences could lead to higher adoption of SRI, which is in turn expected to promote a more sustainable development. In the first study, we find an essential mismatch: both the US (n=472) and the UK (n=560) respondents did not adhere to the classification of some of the most commonly excluded sin industries as being sinful. In the second study on US investors (n=1020), we show that two-thirds of respondents are willing to pay 2.1% of their initial investment to choose which industries should be excluded. In comparison, the rest of the sample is willing to pay 2.5% to have a panel of experts decide for them. These results suggest the need to refine the exclusion strategies used by funds and update the list of industries typically excluded to promote SRI.

Online Media News Strategy On Vaccination Discourse: Theo Van Leeuwun’s Critical Discourse Analysis

The vaccination discourse is one of the discourses that is always reported by the mass media because of the increasing cases of Covid-19. News about vaccinations elicited various responses from the public. This study aimed to examine the strategy of online media news related to the vaccination discourse that had resulted in various public responses. The research was conducted using Theo van Leeuwen’s theory on critical discourse analysis. Four online media consisting of KOMPAS.com, detik.com, Liputan6.com, and Tribunnews.com were chosen as data sources for this research. This study uses a qualitative method. Data in the form of phrases, clauses, and sentences were collected through reading and note-taking techniques. Then, the data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research results showed that the online media of KOMPAS.com, detik.com, Liputan6.com, and Tribunnews.com used exclusion and inclusion strategies in producing news discourse. However, KOMPAS.com and detik.com online media tended to use exclusion strategies that included passivation, nominalization, and substitute clauses. Furthermore, Liputan6.com and Tribunnews.com online media tended to use inclusion strategies such as nomination-categorization, nomination-identification, and differentiation-indifference. Commonly, in this vaccination discourse, the news written by these four online media were not over-criticizing the government but more emphasized driving opinions concerning various public responses to vaccination. These findings suggest readers to read information in the mass media critically. Thus, readers are not easily influenced by the conflicts that are reported

PROBLEMATIK GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN TEKS ULASAN KELAS VIII SMP ISLAM AL FALAH KOTA JAMBI

The purpose of this research is to describe strategies used by journalists in marginalizing corruptors available in law and political rubrics of Kompas Daily examined using a discourse analysis with Theo Van Leeuwen model. This research is conducted using a descriptive-qualitative method. The research data are in the forms of transcriptions of Kompas Daily discourse texts available in law and political rubrics. Data are taken from Kompas Daily on editions of 29 may 2013 – 7 June 2013. Based on the data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that due to the news reports on corruption crime cases, the journalists tend to marginalize corruptors. First, the exclusion strategies consist of (1) passiveness and (2) nominalization. Second, the inclusion strategies consist of (1) objectiveness, (2) nomination, (3) nomination-identification, (4) determination, and (5) individualization. All those strategies are used by journalists to marginalize corruptors.

ANALISIS WACANA MODEL THEO VAN LEEUWEN PADA BERITA TIPIKOR DALAM RUBRIK POLITIK DAN HUKUM SURAT KABAR HARIAN KOMPAS

The purpose of this research is to describe strategies used by journalists in marginalizing corruptors available in law and political rubrics of Kompas Daily examined using a discourse analysis with Theo Van Leeuwen model. This research is conducted using a descriptive-qualitative method. The research data are in the forms of transcriptions of Kompas Daily discourse texts available in law and political rubrics. Data are taken from KompasDaily on editions of 29 may 2013 – 7 June 2013. Based on the data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that due to the news reports on corruption crime cases, the journalists tend to marginalize corruptors. First, the exclusion strategies consist of (1) passiveness and (2) nominalization. Second, the inclusion strategies consist of (1) objectiveness, (2) nomination, (3) nomination-identification, (4) determination, and (5) individualization. All those strategies are used by journalists to marginalize corruptors.

Keyness for Revelation of Self and Other Representation in Kurdish National Identity Construction

The presentation of Self and Other as the basis of inclusion and exclusion strategies, which is the core of ideologically formation of national identity, has been examined using various branches of CDA. This paper demonstrates that the keyness technique combined with concordance can reveal the ideology behind the representation of Self and Other in national identity construction relying on the discourse-historical approach (Wodak et al. 2009) as a theoretical basis. Accordingly, four discursive strategies that signal the presentation of Self and Other: constructive strategies, perpetuation strategies, transformation strategies, and dismantle strategies, are explored. As a methodology, the six-step outline proposed by Subtirelu and Baker (2018) was followed. A corpus was compiled with data from two focus group interviews. For the focus group interviews, ten participants were recruited purposefully from postgraduate students in University Utara Malaysia. As the study is on how Kurds depict Self and Other in their national identity construction discourses, only Kurdish students were reached. The paper seeks to contribute to the body knowledge of corpus linguistic analysis in the revelation of ideology through co-text and intertext. The findings display that Kurds emphasize the ingroup sameness and sharply distinguish themselves from their Other. However, they intend to confer a shade of vagueness on their other through depersonalizing and institutionalizing. Through the discursive construction of Kurdish national identity, the informants rely primarily on transformation and dismantling strategies.

Exploiting the Sadness of Disabled Athletes

Reporting about athletes disables anything new in the world of journalism. In several regional, national, and international sports pages, journalists always write news about the other side of life and his struggles in overcoming disability in the match. It is interesting to see how athletes with disabilities are used as commodities and exploited their interests. So, with this view, the researcher analyzed a text entitled Exploitation of Sadness for Athletes with Disabilities (Theo Van Leeuwen's Critical Discourse Analysis on Detik.Com Edition January 16, 2022). The research uses Frankfurt’s critical theory, with qualitative methods, with a critical analysis approach from Theo Van Leeuwen. The results showed that the writer used several inclusion and exclusion strategies in the news text. The inclusion strategy focuses on Halil exploitation as the main star in the text above. Halil is described as a young man who has limitations and physical imperfections but wins in sports competitions. Meanwhile, in the exclusion strategy, the scriptwriter does not present a coach who has contributed to Halil's victory or a friend from a hawker association who is also an athlete who paved the way for Halil to become an athlete. With this inclusion and exclusion strategy, it can be seen how the perspective of news writers for persons with disabilities places them in an unequal position with humans in general