Excitation Functions Of Deuteron Induced Reactions Research Articles

Production cross sections of 169Yb and Tm isotopes in deuteron-induced reactions on 169Tm

The excitation functions of deuteron-induced reactions on 169Tm were measured using the stacked-foil method and high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The production cross sections of a medical radionuclide 169Yb were investigated. The result was compared with the previous experiments and found to be in good agreement. In addition to 169Yb, the production cross sections of Tm isotopes, 170Tm, 168Tm and 167Tm, were measured. These results were compared with the TALYS calculations taken from the TENDL-2015 online data library.

Can we improve the calculation of some excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions?

In this paper, we propose to use the CDCC* approach to calculate (d,p) excitation functions. Starting from the CDCC* results, we derive some (d,p) differential and integrated cross sections, then using a simple semi-phenomenological model, we calculate the excitation functions for this process. We compare our calculations with the experimental cross sections for the 27Al (d, p)28Al, 58Fe(d, p)59Fe, 59Co(d, p)60Co, 75As(d, p)76As, 81Br(d, p)82Br, 84Kr(d, p)85Kr, 86Kr(d, p)87Kr, 108Pd (d, p)109Pd, 140Ce(d, p)141Ce, 142Ce(d, p)143Ce, 141Pr(d, p)142Pr, 165Ho(d, p)166Ho, and 180Hf (d, p)181Hf reactions. We plan to include these cross sections into evaluations of d-induced reactions and this could be a first step for improving of the quality of the next decade cross sections libraries.

Measurement of the natHf(d,x)177Ta cross section and impact of erroneous gamma-ray intensities

In this work, excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions on natural hafnium have been measured in the energy range 7–17MeV, using the stacked-foil technique. Particular attention has been paid to the reaction natHf(d,x)177Ta, because reported γ-ray intensities have been found to be in disagreement with previously published data. This discrepancy is due to an error in the 2003 ENSDF absolute γ-ray intensities of 177Hf following the decay of 177Ta, which are about a factor of three higher compared to other available data. As a consquence, some peer reviewed papers reporting on natHf(d,x)177Ta, and also on natHf(p,x) 177Ta and natW(p,x) 177Ta, need to be reviewed. An upcoming re-evaluation of the 177Ta decay data shows new significant changes in the absolute γ-ray intensities, which in turn will affect again the 177Ta producing cross sections.

Activation cross sections of deuteron-induced nuclear reactions on hafnium

Experimental excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions up to 20 MeV on high purity natural hafnium were measured with the activation method using a stacked foil irradiation technique. Metallic hafnium foils with thickness of 10 μm were stacked together with 50 μm thick aluminium and 12 μm thick titanium foils. The aluminium foils served as energy absorber while the titanium foils were used to monitor the energy and intensity of the bombarding deuteron beam. From a detailed remeasurement of the complete excitation function of the natTi(d,x) 48V monitor reaction it was possible to adopt the proper incident energy and beam intensity by comparing the results with the recommended values. High resolution off-line gamma-ray spectrometry was applied to assess the activity of each foil. From the measured activity independent and/or cumulative elemental or isotopic cross section data for production of Ta, Hf and Lu radioisotopes by (d,x) reactions were determined. No experimental cross section data have been published earlier for these reactions in the investigated energy region. The work focuses on the production of 177gLu that one of the promising radionuclides for small tumor therapy due to appropriate average energy of the emitted β-particles and the main gamma-rays that are suitable for detection by gamma-camera. The presented experimental data and results predicted by the TALYS theoretical code are compared. Thick target yields for production of the investigated radionuclides were calculated from a fit to our experimental excitation curves.

Investigation deuteron-induced reactions on cobalt

The excitation functions of deuteron-induced reactions were measured on metallic cobalt. Beyond the 56,57,58,60Co cobalt isotopes, we also identified 57Ni, 54Mn, 56Mn and 59Fe in the deuteron experiments. For the above radionuclides, the excitation functions in the measured energy range were determined and compared with the data found in the literature and with the results of model calculations (ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE-D, EAF, and TALYS (TENDL)). The excitation functions agree with previous measurements; furthermore, we calculated the yield and thin layer activation (TLA) curves that are necessary for practical and industrial applications.

Excitation functions for production of radioisotopes of niobium, zirconium and yttrium by irradiation of zirconium with deuterons

Excitation functions of deuteron-induced reactions on natural zirconium were re-measured up to 50 MeV for the natZr(d,x) 90,91m,92m,95,96Nb, natZr(d,x) 88,89,95,97Zr and natZr(d,x) 86,87,88Y reactions. A physically accurate activation method on stacks of natural zirconium foils was used. The results were critically compared with a detailed compilation of earlier reported experimental data and with theoretical calculations. In the overlapping energy regions mainly acceptable agreement was found or our data complete the database where contradictory or scarce data were available. The possible alternative uses in medically relevant radionuclide production as well as applications in thin layer activation and dosimetry are discussed.

Excitation Functions for Deuteron-Induced Reactions on 89Y

Excitation Functions for Deuteron-Induced Reactions on ⁸⁹Y

Excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions

Excitation functions for reactions induced by deuterons on 70Ge, 96Zr and 130Te were measured with the activation method up to 14.1 MeV deuteron energy. The observed reactions are 70Ge(d, p) 71Ge, (d, n) 71As, (d, 2n) 70As and (d, α) 68Ga, and 96Zr(d, p) 97Zr, (d, n) 97Nb, (d, 2n) 96Nb and (d, 3n) 95Nb, and further 130Te(d, p) 131Te, (d, n) 131I and (d, 2n) 130I. The results were explained with our modified Peaslee theory presented previously for 142Ce data. Excitation functions of 96Zr, 130Te and 142Ce give the common values of variable parameters and a common pattern regarding relative contributions of neutron stripping, proton stripping and entire absorption processes. The situation is quite different for 70Ge.

Absolute cross sections and excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions on the nickel isotopes between 2 and 12 MeV

Absolute cross sections and excitation functions for the reactions 58Ni(d, n) 59Cu, 61Ni (d, n) 62Cu, 62Ni(d, 2n) 62Cu, 60Ni(d, n) 61Cu and 58Ni(d, t) 57Ni have been measured by activation using the stacked-foil technique. The (d,n) experimental excitation functions are compared to the theoretical calculations of F. Perey based on a non-local, optical-model potential.