Excitation Energy Of Fission Fragments Research Articles

The description of the excitation energy sharing in nuclear fission within the Langevin approach

We apply the four-dimensional Langevin approach to the description of fission of 235U by neutrons and calculate the dependence of the excitation energy of fission fragments on their mass number. For this we run the Langevin equations until the compound nucleus splits into two separated fragments. This is possible since the we used in this work two-center shell model shape parametrization that describes well both compact and separated shapes. The excitation energies of each fragment are calculated assuming that the temperatures of both fragments are the same. The deformation energy of the fragment immediately after scission is added to its excitation energy. The saw-tooth structure of the dependence neutron multiplicity on the fragment’s mass number in reaction 235U + n at En = 5 Mev is qualitatively reproduced.

The 4-dimensional Langevin approach to low energy nuclear fission

We applied the four-dimensional Langevin approach to the description of fission of 235U by neutrons and calculated the dependence of the excitation energy of fission fragments on their mass number. For this we have fitted the compact just-before-scission configuration obtained by the Langevin calculations by the two separated fragments and calculated the intrinsic excitation and the deformation energy of each fragment accurately taking into account the shell and pairing effects and their dependence on the temperature and mass of the fragments. For the sharing of energy between the fission fragments we have used the simplest and most reliable assumption - the temperature of each fragment immediately after the neck rupture is the same as the temperature of mother nucleus just before scission. The calculated excitation energy of fission fragments clearly demonstrates the saw-tooth structure in the dependence on fragment mass number.

The scission point configuration of fissioning nuclei

We define the optimal shape which fissioning nuclei attain just before the scission and calculate the deformation energy as function of the mass asymmetry at the scission point. The calculated deformation energy is used in quasi-static approximation for the estimation of mass distribution, total kinetic and excitation energy of fission fragments, and the total number of prompt neutrons. The calculated results reproduce rather well the experimental data on the position of the peaks in the mass distribution of fission fragments, the total kinetic and excitation energy of fission fragments. The calculated value of neutron multiplicity is somewhat larger than experimental results. The saw-tooth structure of neutron multiplicity is qualitatively reproduced.

The Scission Point Configuration and the Multiplicity of Prompt Neutrons

We defined the optimal shape which fissioning nuclei attain just before the scission and calculated the deformation energy as function of the mass asymmetry and elongation at the scission point. The calculated deformation energy is used in quasi-static approximation for estimation of the mass distribution of fission fragments, total kinetic and excitation energy of fission fragments, and the total number of prompt neutrons. The calculated results reproduce rather well the experimental data on the position of the peaks in the mass distribution of fission fragments, the total kinetic and excitation energy of fission fragments. The calculated value of neutron multiplicitiy is somewhat larger than experimental results.

Scission-point configuration within the two-center shell model shape parameterization

Within the two-center shell model parameterization we defined the optimal shape that fissioning nuclei attain just before the scission and calculated the total deformation energy (liquid-drop part plus the shell correction) as a function of the mass asymmetry and elongation at the scission point. The three minima corresponding to one mass-symmetric and two mass-asymmetric peaks in the mass distribution of fission fragments are found in the deformation energy at the scission point. The calculated deformation energy is used in a quasistatic approximation for the estimation of the total kinetic and excitation energies of fission fragments and the total number of emitted prompt neutrons. The calculated results reproduce rather well the experimental data on the position of the peaks in the mass distribution of fission fragments, and the total kinetic and excitation energies of fission fragments. The calculated value of neutron multiplicity is somewhat larger than experimental results.

Intrinsic energy partition in fission

The intrinsic energy partition between two complementary fission fragments is investigated microscopically. The intrinsic excitation energy of fission fragments is dynamically evaluated in terms of the time-dependent pairing equations. These equations are corroborated with two conditions. One of them fixes the number of particles and the other separates the pairing active spaces associated to the two fragments in the vicinity of the scission configuration. The excitation energy in a wide distribution of fission fragments is calculated for the 234 U parent nucleus.

Energy Partition in Fission within a Microscopic Approach

Abstract The intrinsic excitation energy of fission fragments is dynamically evaluated in terms of the time-dependent pairing equations. These equations are corroborated with two conditions. One of them fixes the number of particles and the other separates the pairing active spaces associated to the two fragments in the vicinity of the scission configuration. The excitation energy in a wide distribution of fission fragments is calculated for the 234 U parent nucleus.

Erratum: Final excitation energy of fission fragments [Phys. Rev. C83, 061601(R) (2011)

Received 3 November 2011DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.059906©2011 American Physical Society

Final excitation energy of fission fragments

We study how the excitation energy of the fully accelerated fission fragments is built up. It is stressed that only the intrinsic excitation energy available before scission can be exchanged between the fission fragments to achieve thermal equilibrium. This is in contradiction with most models used to calculate prompt neutron emission where it is assumed that the total excitation energy of the final fragments is shared between the fragments by the condition of equal temperatures. We also study the intrinsic excitation-energy partition according to a level density description with a transition from a constant-temperature regime to a Fermi-gas regime. Complete or partial excitation-energy sorting is found at energies well above the transition energy.

Energy partition in low energy fission

The intrinsic excitation energy of fission fragments is dynamically evaluated in terms of the time dependent pairing equations. These equations are corroborated with two conditions. One of them fixes the number of particles and the another separates the pairing active spaces associated to the two fragments in the vicinity of the scission configuration. The fission path is obtained in the frame of the macroscopic-microscopic model. The single particle level schemes are obtained within the two center Woods-Saxon shell model. It is shown that the available intrinsic dissipated energy is not shared proportionally to the masses of the two fission fragments. If the heavy fragment possesses nucleon numbers close to the magic ones, the accumulated intrinsic excitation energy is lower than that of the light fragment.

Determination of the fission fragment excitation energy with allowance for neutron multiplicity

The study of the excitation energy distribution of fission fragments as a function of their mass and charge is important for revealing the nuclear fission mechanism and useful for many applications. To measure directly the excitation energy of primary fission fragments (before emission of neutrons) is a great problem. A method of obtaining these excitation energies from calculated neutron multiplicities and experimental values for differential yields of fragment pairs after emission of neutrons is considered. The Empire-II code was used to calculate neutron multiplicities as a function of various characteristics of the nuclear structure, fission process, and fission fragment deexcitation.

Emission properties of fission fragments and their isomeric ratios

The properties of neutron emission from fragments formed in the spontaneous fission of 252Cf and in the thermal-neutron-induced fission of 235U are analyzed on the basis of the statistical model of nuclear reactions. Upon extracting the mean excitation energies of fission fragments from experimental data on the mean multiplicities of neutrons, the observables of neutron emission can be described over wide ranges of total kinetic energies and masses. The observed values of mean fragment spins are also reproduced. A method for calculating the isomeric ratios of the independent yields of fission fragments that is based on the cascade-evaporation model of excited-nucleus decay is employed to describe experimental data on 235U fission induced by thermal neutrons and on 238U fission induced by alpha particles. The effect exerted on the isomeric ratios for fission fragments by two different assumptions on the spin distributions of primary-fragment populations—the assumption of the distribution associated with rotational degrees of freedom and the assumption of the distribution associated with the internal degrees of freedom of fully accelerated fragments—is investigated.

Calculation of fission fragment excitation energy

The question of the additional excitation energy of fission fragments in the process of separation is considered. It is shown that this energy is of magnitude ∼1 MeV.