Direct Compression Excipients Research Articles

Crystal defects creation in Mannitol@CaCl2 metal–organic framework by induced dehydration strategy for enhanced excipient mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of solid pharmaceutical excipients are important for assisting drug tables production, and they determine the quality of the drug tablets. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential and mechanism of crystal defect engineering to improve the mechanical properties of Mannitol@CaCl2 MOF, a pharmaceutical excipient with metal–organic framework (MOF) structure designed and prepared in our previous study. In this study, a simple and efficient “induced dehydration strategy” was proposed to prepare Mannitol@CaCl2 MOF with crystal defects (DEMOF). SEM, TEM, HRTEM, PXRD, FTIR, DSC-TGA, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm revealed the successful introduction of lattice vacancy and macrostructural defects while preserving MOF's skeleton structure. Tabletability profiles indicated that DEMOF presented much better mechanical properties than the original MOF at the powder level. On single crystal and atomic scales, nanoindentation and DFT calculations revealed that the defect structure increased plasticity, decreased brittleness, and improved compressibility, resulting in DEMOF tablets with much higher tensile strength that met the criteria for direct compression excipients. The achieved performance modification illustrated the capability of defect engineering to tune mechanical properties of MOFs, and the Mannitol@CaCl2 DEMOF exhibited great potential to serve as a new direct compression pharmaceutical excipient.

Characterization of Khaya Senegalensis Gum: Effects of Drying Methods on the Physicochemical Properties

The study was aimed to assess the effect of drying methods on physicochemical properties of Khaya senegalensis gum. Gum exudates obtained from the bark of Khaya senegalensis plant was extracted and subjected to freeze drying and vacuum oven drying. Gel permeation chromatography, Elemental analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transforms Infra red spectroscopy were used to characterize the gum. The effect of drying methods on the gum samples were assessed based on Differential scanning calorimetry, Scanning electron microscopy, Dynamic vapour sorption, particle size analysis via laser diffraction techniques, colour and density measurements. An average molecular weight of 60 KDa expressed as the Dextran equivalent and a polydispersity of 2.17 with a retention time of 18,485 min was recorded for the vacuum dried gum. The vacuum dried gum occurred as irregular discreet coarse particles, containing both amorphous and crystalline portions due to a glass transition of 65◦ and melting temperature of 182.35◦C. It also displayed excellent flow and compressibility properties whereas the freeze-dried gum appeared flaky, porous with large surface area. The mechanism of water sorption was found to be initial surface adsorption and subsequently bulk absorption for both freeze dried and vacuum dried gum samples. The coarseness, water sorption and retention ability of the vacuum dried gum provides a potential for its use as a disintegrant in solid dosage formulations whereas the freeze-dried gum will be suitable for use as a binding agent due to its smaller particle sizes that enhanced solubility. Furthermore, the presence of nitrogen in Khaya senegalensis gum structure explains its partial solubility and the azo aromatic group suggests biodegradability and candidature for drug delivery to the colon. Keywords: Khaya senegalensis Gum; Average Molecular Weight; Amorphous; Crystalline; Direct Compression Excipient; Disintegrant 2 Freeze and vacuum dried Khaya senegalensis gum characterization

Performance study of cross-linked carboxymethyl rice starch, co-processed with sodium silicate as a direct compression excipient using SeDeM expert system

Performance study of cross-linked carboxymethyl rice starch, co-processed with sodium silicate as a direct compression excipient using SeDeM expert system

Studies on the Physicochemical Properties of Coprocessed Starch obtained from <i>Ipomoea batatas</i>

Co-processing has been identified as a tool for enhancing the functionality of excipients. The aim of this research was to extract starch from sweet potato, modify the starch by coprocessing with colloidal silicon dioxide and characterize. Sweet potato starch was extracted from the fresh tubers of Ipomoea batatas collected from Custom market, Maiduguri. Coprocessing with colloidal silicon dioxide at varying ratios of 95:5 and 90:10 using the co-fusion method was carried out. The co-processed mixture was dehydrated with ethanol (99 %), spread on a tray to air dry, passed through a 50 mm sieve and the drying was completed in an oven at 40 °C for 2 hours. Pharmacopoeial and physicochemical characteristics of the starches were assessed. The results obtained showed a significant improvement in the physicochemical properties (swelling and moisture sorption capacities) of the co-processed starches when compared with the native sweet potato starch. The modification of sweet potato starch by coprocessing with colloidal silicon dioxide yielded a starch-based excipient that had better physicochemical properties than the native starch. Thus, it has potential for use as a direct compression excipient.

Comparative Direct Compression Property of a Novel Pregelatinized Starch in Paracetamol Tablets.

Among all the pharmaceutical dosage forms, tablets are still the most preferred and the most commonly used option because of their advantages. The direct compression method of tablet preparation exempts several steps needed in the granulation method. Therefore, the pursuit of better direct compression tablet excipients is evident in contemporary research endeavors. Pregelatinized Taro Boloso-I starch has comparable flow properties and higher compressibility and compactibility than Starch 1500®. However, there is no evidence in the literature regarding the lubricant sensitivity and dilution potential of pregelatinized Taro Boloso-I starch. This study was aimed at performing the in vitro evaluation of paracetamol tablets prepared using pregelatinized Taro Boloso-I starch as a direct compression excipient using paracetamol as a model drug. Taro Boloso-I starch was pregelatinized, and its properties including amylose to amylopectin ratio, densities, flow properties, swelling power, water solubility index, particle morphology, moisture content, and moisture sorption profile were evaluated. Furthermore, the lubricant sensitivity test, dilution potential study, and compatibility test with the paracetamol drug using ATR spectroscopy were performed. The properties of the directly compressed tablets prepared accordingly were evaluated. The majority of evaluations were performed in comparison with Starch 1500®. Results and Discussion. PGTBIS had a significantly lower amount of amylose than Starch 1500®. In the ATR-IR spectra of the mixture of the paracetamol and pregelatinized PGTBIS, all the major absorbance peaks of the drug were maintained indicating the absence of chemical modifications. PGTBIS showed better flow properties than Starch 1500®. The modified starch was shown to withstand magnesium stearate up to 0.5% concentration. PGTBIS could accommodate higher drug cargo than Starch 1500® with acceptable tablet properties. Accordingly, PGTBIS starch could be taken as a potential direct compression excipient.

Application of co-precipitated glutinous rice starch as a multifunctional excipient in direct compression tablets

Two key properties of excipients for inclusion in direct compression tablets are flowability and compactibility. Glutinous rice starch (GRS) has poor flowability, which limits its use in direct compression tablets. This study aimed to create a multifunctional direct compression excipient (filler binder disintegrant) with improved flowability from GRS by the co-precipitation method. The physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the co-precipitated GRS (cpGRS) were investigated. The optimum conditions for producing cpGRS (0.43 M sodium hydroxide solution, 7.09% PVP K30, 14.02% calcium carbonate, 95 min of mixing time and pH of 6.97) resulted in 68.80% yield, fair to good flowability, acceptable tablet strength, and fast disintegration. The FT-IR spectra of cpGRS showed no significant shifts in the key peaks, which indicates that there was an absence of chemical interactions within cpGRS. X-ray diffractograms also showed no significant changes, indicating that the GRS granules, calcium carbonate, and PVP K30 components remained unaltered during co-precipitation. cpGRS also demonstrated a dilution capacity of 50% when paracetamol was used as model drug. When cpGRS was combined with domperidone or propranolol hydrochloride it showed a better deformation capability than the physical mixtures. Although cpGRS was sensitive to lubricant, the hardness and tensile strength were higher than common strength for general purpose use in tablets. When compared to the physical mixture, pregelatinized starch and directly compressible calcium carbonate, the results showed that cpGRS tablets of both model drugs passed the friability test, demonstrated the best disintegration property, provided the fastest and highest drug release profile for propranolol, and improved the drug release profile for domperidone. For propranolol-cpGRS tablets, dissolution medium at different pH did not affect the dissolution profile. For domperidone-cpGRS tablets, the pH of dissolution medium did affect the dissolution profile of the tablets. This was according to the API solubility. These results reveal that cpGRS is an excellent multifunctional i.e., filler, binder, and disintegrant excipient suitable for direct compression tablets. The main component is natural. The preparation method is simple, quick, and efficient. This method does not produce harmful waste and requires only basic equipment, and affordable reactants and devices.

SeDeM expert system with I-optimal mixture design for oral multiparticulate drug delivery: An encapsulated floating minitablets of loxoprofen Na and its in silico physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.

Introduction: A SeDeM expert tool-driven I-optimal mixture design has been used to develop a directly compressible multiparticulate based extended release minitablets for gastro-retentive drug delivery systems using loxoprofen sodium as a model drug. Methods: Powder blends were subjected to stress drug-excipient compatibility studies using FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, and DSC. SeDeM diagram expert tool was utilized to assess the suitability of the drug and excipients for direct compression. The formulations were designed using an I-optimal mixture design with proportions of methocel K100M, ethocel 10P and NaHCO3 as variables. Powder was compressed into minitablets and encapsulated. After physicochemical evaluation lag-time, floating time, and drug release were studied. Heckel analysis for yield pressure and accelerated stability studies were performed as per ICH guidelines. The in silico PBPK Advanced Compartmental and Transit model of GastroPlus™ was used for predicting in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: Drug release follows first-order kinetics with fickian diffusion as the main mechanism for most of the formulations; however, a few formulations followed anomalous transport as the mechanism of drug release. The in-silico-based pharmacokinetic revealed relative bioavailability of 97.0%. Discussion: SeDeM expert system effectively used in QbD based development of encapsulated multiparticulates for once daily administration of loxoprofen sodium having predictable in-vivo bioavailability.

COMBILOSE: A novel lactose-based co-processed excipient for direct compression

COMBILOSE: A novel lactose-based co-processed excipient for direct compression

Optimization of Pregelatinized Taro Boloso‐I Starch as a Direct Compression Tablet Excipient

Background. Tablets are still the most preferred means of drug delivery. The search for new and improved direct compression tablet excipients is an area of research focus. This is because the direct compression method overcomes the drawbacks of granulation methods of tablet production. It exempts several treatment steps associated with the granulation methods. The requirements for the powders to be directly compressible include flowability, low friction tendency, compressibility, and fast disintegration capacity. Taro Boloso‐I is a new variety of Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott) yielding 67% more than a previously reported variety (Godare) in Ethiopia. This study is aimed at enhancing the flowability while keeping the compressibility and compactibility of the pregelatinized Taro Boloso‐I starch. Methods. Central composite design was used for the optimization of two factors which were the temperature and duration of pregelatinization against 4 responses. The responses were angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio, Heckel’s yield pressure, and tablet breaking force. Results and Discussions. An increase in the temperature resulted in decrease in both the angle of repose and the Hausner ratio and that of time decreased angle of repose as well. The Heckel yield pressure was observed to increase with increasing levels of both temperature and time. The pregelatinized starch prepared by heating 15% slurry of Taro Boloso‐I starch at the pregelatinization temperature of 66.22°C for 20 min showed desired flow property and compressibility. Conclusions. Pregelatinized Taro Boloso‐I starch could be regarded as a potential direct compression excipient in terms of flowability, compressibility, and compactibility. The PGTBIS could perform better as filler and binder in direct compression tablets than the Starch 1500® in terms of compactibility.

Development of M3 as Improved Functionality Composite Excipient for Direct Compression

Introduction: Direct compression is the most preferred method of formulations of a compressed solid dosage form, but the poor compressibility of most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients limits the use of the direct compression technique. 
 Methodology: The present research study involves the development of M3 with improved functionality composite excipient used for direct compression. The aqueous dispersion of Maltose and Mannitol was co-processed with Maize Starch by using the co-drying technique. The dried composite was assessed for excipient functionalities such as Flowability, Compressibility, Mechanical Strength, Dilution Potential and Lubricant Sensitivity. 
 Results: The results of the study showed that composite excipient prepared by co-drying of maltose and mannitol with Maize Starch provides desired flowability, good compressibility and better mechanical strength. The study also revealed that the developed composite excipient exhibited better dilution potential and almost remain unaffected by the addition of a hydrophobic lubricating agent.
 Conclusion: The developed excipient composite M3, can be used as directly compressible filler binder for a compressed solid dosage form containing poorly compressible active pharmaceutical ingredients.

The Influence of the Polymer Type on the Quality of Newly Developed Oral Immediate-Release Tablets Containing Amiodarone Solid Dispersions Obtained by Hot-Melt Extrusion.

The present study aims to demonstrate the influence of the polymer-carrier type and proportion on the quality performance of newly developed oral immediate-release tablets containing amiodarone solid dispersions obtained by hot-melt extrusion. Twelve solid dispersions including amiodarone and different polymers (PEG 1500, PEG 4000; PEG 8000, Soluplus®, and Kolliphor® 188) were developed and prepared by hot-melt extrusion using a horizontal extruder realized by the authors in their own laboratory. Only eleven of the dispersions presented suitable physical characteristics and they were used as active ingredients in eleven tablet formulations that contain the same amounts of the same excipients, varying only in solid dispersion type. The solid dispersions’ properties were established by optical microscopy with reflected light, volumetric controls and particle size evaluation. In order to prove that the complex powders have appropriate physical characteristics for the direct compression process, they were subjected to different analyses regarding their flowability and compressibility behavior. Additionally, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed on the obtained solid dispersions. After confirming the proper physical attributes for all blends, they were processed into the form of tablets by direct compression technology. The manufactured tablets were evaluated for pharmacotechnical (dimensions–diameter and thickness, mass uniformity, hardness and friability) and in vitro biopharmaceutical (disintegration time and drug release) performances. Furthermore, the influence of the polymer matrix on their quality was determined. The high differences in flow and compression performances of the solid dispersions prove the relevant influence of the polymer type and their concentration-dependent plasticizing properties. The increase in flowability and compressibility characteristics of the solid dispersions could be noticed after combining them with direct compression excipients owning superior mechanical qualities. The influence of the polymer type is best detected in the disintegration test, where the obtained values are quite different between the studied formulations. The use of PEG 1500 alone or combined in various proportions with Soluplus® leads to rapid disintegration. In contrast, the mixture of PEG 4000 and Poloxamer 188 in equal proportions determined the increase in disintegration time to 120 s. The use of Poloxamer 188 alone and a 3:1 combination of PEG 4000 and Soluplus® also generates a prolonged disintegration time for the tablets.

Formulation and development of paediatric orally disintegrating carbamazepine tablets

Carbamazepine is a medicine used to manage epilepsy and partial or tonic-clonic seizures. This study aimed at formulating and obtaining carbamazepine orodispersible tablets for paediatric use at a 50 mg dose, with a diameter not greater than 6 mm and a tablet weight of 80 mg, through a direct compression process. The SeDeM pre-formulation/formulation method was used to define the characteristics of both carbamazepine and the selected excipients for direct compression. This study succeeded in formulating and obtaining the proposed tablets. Following the application of the SeDeM method, the tablets met the mass uniformity test and showed appropriate hardness values for orodispersible tablets. The tablets also met the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test specifications at t = 60 min. The orodispersible tablets obtained may improve compliance with paediatric treatment with carbamazepine, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the medicine.

Characterizations of Alpha-Cellulose and Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Cocoa Pod Husk as a Potential Pharmaceutical Excipient.

Cellulose is a non-toxic, bio-degradable, and renewable biopolymer which is abundantly available in nature. The most common source of commercial microcrystalline cellulose is fibrous wood pulp. Cellulose and its derivatives have found wide commercial applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, paper, textile, and engineering industries. This study aims to isolate and characterize cellulose forms from cocoa pod husk (CPH) and to assess its mechanical and disintegration properties as a direct compression excipient in metronidazole tablets. Two isolated cellulose types (i.e., cocoa alpha-cellulose (CAC) and cocoa microcrystalline cellulose (C-MCC)) were compared with avicel (AV). CAC and C-MCC were characterized for their physicochemical properties using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Metronidazole tablets were produced by direct compression with cellulose. The mechanical and disintegration properties of the tablets were evaluated. CAC and C-MCC yield was 42.3% w/w and 38.25% w/w, respectively. Particle diameters were significantly different with CAC (282.22 μm) > C-MCC (161.32 μm) > AV (72.51 μm). CAC and C-MCC had a better flow than AV. SEM revealed the fibrous nature of the cellulose. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of cellulose with crystallinity index of 69.26%, 43.83%, and 26.32% for AV, C-MCC, and CAC, respectively. C-MCC and AV are more crystalline and thermally stable at high temperatures compared to CAC. The mechanical and disintegration properties of C-MCC and AV tablets complied with pharmacopeia specifications. Taken together, C-MCC isolated from CPH displayed some fundamental characteristics suitable for use as a pharmaceutical excipient and displayed better properties compared to that of AV.

Effect of Moisture of Pharmaceutical Material MCC Avicel PH102 and Tablet Diameter on the Compression Process and Tablet Strength

Abstract This paper focuses on the effect of moisture of powder material on the process of tablet compression and on tablet mechanical strength. The powder used in the experiments was Avicel PH102 microcrystalline cellulose, as it is the most widely used excipient in direct tablet compression. The compression process is described using the Heckel equation and the strength of the tablets was determined using a Brazilian test. To introduce the reader to the issue, the first part of the paper is devoted to a theoretical introduction. The second part of the work is devoted to the description of experimental equipment and work procedure. The last part of the paper presents the results of the experiment and their evaluation. The reason for this experiment was the assumption that the moisture of the raw material significantly affects the compression process and the mechanical strength of the tablet. A series of experiments demonstrated this effect, which can be seen in the respective graphs.

A new parameter for characterization of tablet friability based on a systematical study of five excipients

In this paper, a new parameter highly relevant to tablet friability is proposed based on a systematical study of the tablet quality attributes and texture performances of five different direct compression excipients, including microcrystalline cellulose, starch, lactose, mannitol, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. The new parameter, named Strain/Stress Max, could indicate the tablet’s ability against external force to maintain integrity. It was directly obtained from the diametrical breaking test which is extensively used to assess tablet mechanical strength, and thus no extra work is required. The values varied significantly among the tablets formed by materials with different mechanical properties under the same compression pressure. A design space was developed to achieve <1% tablet friability at various combinations of Strain/Stress Max and tensile strength. Additionally, data from binary mixture tablets validated the availability of the constructed design space. And the upper limit of Strain/Stress Max value was advisable for 1.5 MPa−1 for pharmaceutical tablets. In conclusion, the new parameter and design space are available for fast identification of the tablets with acceptable friability to facilitate the development of tablet formulation using as few active pharmaceutic ingredients as possible.

Particle Engineering of Chitosan and Kaolin Composite as a Novel Tablet Excipient by Nanoparticles Formation and Co-Processing.

Chitosan is not a common excipient for direct compression due to poor flowability and inadequate compressibility. Co-processing of chitosan and kaolin is a challenging method to overcome the limitations of the individual excipients. The purpose of the present study was to develop co-processed chitosan–kaolin by the spray drying technique (rotary atomizer spray dryer) and to characterize the excipient properties. The formation of chitosan nanoparticles was the major factor for desirable tablet hardness. The ratio of chitosan/tripolyphosphate of 10:1 and 20:1 had a significant effect on hardness. The successful development of co-processed chitosan–kaolin as a novel tablet excipient was obtained from a feed formulation composed of chitosan and kaolin at a ratio of 55:45 and the optimum chitosan/tripolyphosphate ratio of 20:1. Co-processing altered the physical properties of co-processed chitosan–kaolin in such a way that it enhanced the flowability and tableting performance compared to the physical mixture.

Study of the Tableting Properties of MCR, a Newly Coprocessed Cellulose-based Direct Compression Excipient

The current need for strategies to accelerate and optimize the efforts to develop new in-expensive multifunctional direct compression tableting excipients with minimum risk to the products has urged the workers in pharmaceutical industry field to search for a simple and low cost-effective technique to tailor and engineer multi-functional excipients.

Formulation Study of a Co-Processed, Rice Starch-Based, All-in-One Excipient for Direct Compression Using the SeDeM-ODT Expert System.

A co-processed, rice starch-based excipient (CS), previously developed and shown to exhibit good pharmaceutical properties, is investigated as an all-in-one excipient for direct compression (DC). An SeDeM-ODT expert system is applied to evaluate the formulation containing CS, in comparison with those containing the physical mixture and the commercial DC excipients. The results revealed that CS showed acceptable values in all six incidence factors of the SeDeM-ODT diagram. In addition, the comprehensive indices (IGC and IGCB) were higher than 5.0, which indicated that CS could be compressed with DC technique without additional blending with a disintegrant in tablet formulation. The formulation study suggested that CS can be diluted up to 60% in the formulation to compensate for unsatisfactory properties of paracetamol. At this percentage, CS-containing tablets exhibited narrow weight variation (1.5%), low friability (0.43%), acceptable drug content (98%), and rapid disintegration (10 s). The dissolution profile of CS displayed that more than 80% of the drug content was released within 2 min. The functionality of CS was comparable to that of high functionality excipient composite (HFEC), whereas other excipients were unsuccessful in formulating the tablets. These results indicated that CS was a suitable all-in-one excipient for application in DC of tablets.

Evaluation of two novel co-processed excipients for direct compression of orodispersible tablets and mini-tablets

Pediatric, geriatric, and other patients who suffer from swallowing difficulties represent a special patient group, where an increased need in appropriate formulation development is required. To overcome these mostly swallowability linked issues, orodispersible tablets (ODTs) and orodispersible mini-tablets (ODMTs) can be seen as a suitable alternative to improve compliance. Orodispersible tablets are oral solid dosage forms which rapidly disintegrate after contact with saliva, leaving a liquid dispersion, which can be easily swallowed. To fulfil the required quality criteria and optimize the formulations regarding tensile strength and disintegration time, co-processed excipients (CPE) based on mannitol are frequently used in the manufacturing of orodispersible tablets. This study aimed to systematically compare two new CPEs, namely Granfiller-D® and Hisorad® and evaluate their potential in future OD(M)T formulations with already marketed products. The performance of the CPEs was examined in combination with three different APIs. Disintegration time, sufficient mechanical strength and content uniformity for low dosed formulation were chosen as main quality aspects. Conventionally sized tablets (9 mm) with 50% drug load of ibuprofen and paracetamol were produced with each CPE. Low dosed OD(M)Ts with a drug load of 4% enalapril maleate were manufactured to study content uniformity. Large differences were visible in the formulations containing ibuprofen and only Hisorad® allowed to compress ODT fulfilling the specifications of Ph.Eur. and FDA regarding disintegration times (180 s and 30 s, respectively). For the poorly binding model drug paracetamol, none of the studied excipients showed a satisfactory performance, with maximum tensile strengths < 1 MPa. To reach content uniformity in low dosed ODMTs, Ludiflash® seems to be the most preferable alternative, as the formulation showed the lowest acceptance values (AV) according to Ph.Eur. (<4) as well as the smallest coefficient of variation (CV) in API content (CV < 2%). In conclusion, the study revealed that none CPE is the ideal choice for all approaches, but different CPEs should be selected dependent on different challenges during formulation development of OD(M)Ts.

Preliminary Characterization of Co-processed Excipients of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Mucilage and Pregelatinized Potato Starch

Background: Okra mucilage is highly viscous with good binding properties in tablets. Pregelatinized starches have significantly improved flow properties but produce tablets of poor mechanical strength.Objective: Preliminary evaluation of co-processed excipients of Okra mucilage and pregelatinized potato starch as directly-compressible excipients.Methods: Polymers were characterized for morphology (SEM), crystallinity (FT-IR) and flow properties. Coprocessed excipients were developed with Okra mucilage and pregelatinized potato starch at different ratios of starch: mucilage (95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 70:30), using the co-fusion method. The flow, packing and compaction properties of the co-processed excipients were evaluated using density measurements, angle of repose, angle of internal friction, Kawakita model, consolidation index (C) and consolidation rate (K).Results: Larger agglomerates of the co-processed excipients indicated formation of a new polymer. FT-IR spectra showed retention of all the major peaks of individual polymers. Okra mucilage imparted swelling while starch improved flow in the co-processed excipients (Hausner’s ratio 1.12-1.20). Values from Kawakita plots revealedcohesiveness and compressibility were imparted to the co-processed excipients (a = 0.300–0.329; b = 0.078–0.361) suggesting good compactibility. Consolidation index and rate were observed to increase with Okra mucilage content, implying improved rate of packing as well as enhanced flow (C = 0.566-1.389; K = 0.123-0.424). The batch containing starch: mucilage 70:30 gave the best properties of good flow, cohesiveness and compactibility, essential parameters required in directly-compressible excipients.Conclusion: The co-processed excipients of Okra mucilage and pregelatinized potato starch could therefore be used as excipients for direct compression in tablet formulations.