Exchange Threshold Research Articles

A Rumor Propagation Model Considering Media Effect and Suspicion Mechanism under Public Emergencies

In this paper, we collect the basic information data of online rumors and highly topical public opinions. In the research of the propagation model of online public opinion rumors, we use the improved SCIR model to analyze the characteristics of online rumor propagation under the suspicion mechanism at different propagation stages, based on considering the flow of rumor propagation. We analyze the stability of the evolution of rumor propagation by using the time-delay differential equation under the punishment mechanism. In this paper, the evolution of heterogeneous views with different acceptance and exchange thresholds is studied, using the standard Deffuant model and the improved model under the influence of the media, to analyze the evolution process and characteristics of rumor opinions. Based on the above results, it is found that improving the recovery rate is better than reducing the deception rate, and increasing the eviction rate is better than improving the detection rate. When the time lag τ < 110, it indicates that the spread of rumors tends to be asymptotic and stable, and the punishment mechanism can reduce the propagation time and the maximum proportion of deceived people. The proportion of deceived people increases with the decrease in the exchange threshold, and the range of opinion clusters increases with the decline in acceptance.

Stroke and physiological relationships during the incremental front crawl test: outcomes for planning and pacing aerobic training.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses associated with the stroke length (SL) and stroke rate (SR) changes as swimming velocity increases during an incremental step-test. Moreover, this study also aimed to verify if SL and SR relationships toward maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), gas respiratory compensation point (RCP), exchange threshold (GET), and swimming cost can be applied to the management of endurance training and control aerobic pace. Methods: A total of 19 swimmers performed the incremental test until volitional exhaustion, with each stage being designed by percentages of the 400m (%v400) maximal front crawl velocity. V̇O2max, GET, RCP, and the respective swimming velocities (v) were examined. Also, the stroke parameters, SL, SR, the corresponding slopes (SLslope and SRslope), and the crossing point (Cp) between them were determined. Results: GET and RCP corresponded to 70.6% and 82.4% of V̇O2max (4185.3 ± 686.1mLmin-1), and V̇O2 at Cp, SLslope, and SRslope were observed at 129.7%, 75.3%, and 61.7% of V̇O2max, respectively. The swimming cost from the expected V̇O2 at vSLslope (0.85 ± 0.18kJm-1), vSRslope (0.77 ± 0.17kJm-1), and vCp (1.09 ± 0.19kJm-1) showed correlations with GET (r = 0.73, 0.57, and 0.59, respectively), but only the cost at vSLslope and vCp correlated to RCP (0.62 and 0.69) and V̇O2max (0.70 and 0.79). Conclusion: SL and SR exhibited a distinctive pattern for the V̇O2 response as swimming velocity increased. Furthermore, the influence of SL on GET, RCP, and V̇O2max suggests that SLslope serves as the metabolic reference of heavy exercise intensity, beyond which the stroke profile defines an exercise zone with high cost, which is recommended for an anaerobic threshold and aerobic power training. In turn, the observed difference between V̇O2 at SRslope and GET suggests that the range of velocities between SL and SR slopes ensures an economical pace, which might be recommended to develop long-term endurance. The results also highlighted that the swimming intensity paced at Cp would impose a high anaerobic demand, as it is located above the maximal aerobic velocity. Therefore, SLslope and SRslope are suitable indexes of submaximal to maximal aerobic paces, while Cp's meaning still requires further evidence.

中高年の適正な体力評価ならびに運動処方としてのGas Exchange Threshold

中高年の適正な体力評価ならびに運動処方としてのGas Exchange Threshold

Прогностические уравнения для определения порога жирового обмена при аэробной работе

Прогностические уравнения для определения порога жирового обмена при аэробной работе

Exchange rate pass-through, menu costs and threshold cointegration

This paper investigates exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) in the presence of menu costs. Assuming exports prices are negotiated in the exporter’s currency, menu costs give rise to two thresholds around (within) which incomplete ERPT is (not) observed. An error correcting process is triggered from a deviation in the ERPT cointegrating relation only when the deviation is large enough in absolute value to fall outside of a band defined by symmetric thresholds. Threshold autoregressive (TAR) cointegration techniques are used to investigate Quebec and Ontario pork meat export prices in the US and Japanese markets. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we find that our Equilibrium-TAR tests have greater power than a standard unit root test. Our empirical application suggests that Canadian pork exporters exercise market power in the US market. The evidence of incomplete ERPT in the Japanese market is weaker and differs across provinces. Evidence of thresholds is reported for both destinations, thus indicating the existence of significant menu costs for Canadian pork exporters in these markets.

Ventilatory threshold exchange between walking and cycling is not accurate for training intensity determination in untrained cardiac patients

Ventilatory threshold exchange between walking and cycling is not accurate for training intensity determination in untrained cardiac patients

Comparison of Gas Exchange, Lactate, and Lactic Acidosis Thresholds in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Comparison of Gas Exchange, Lactate, and Lactic Acidosis Thresholds in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Comparison of Gas Exchange, L-ctate, and Lactic Acidosis Thresholds in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Comparison of Gas Exchange, L-ctate, and Lactic Acidosis Thresholds in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Comparison of Ventilatory Gas Exchange and Lactate Anaerobic Threshold in Heart Transplant Patients

Comparison of Ventilatory Gas Exchange and Lactate Anaerobic Threshold in Heart Transplant Patients

Worlds Apart: The Market and the Theater in Anglo-American Thought, 1550-1750

Preface Acknowledgments Prologue: commerce and culture 1. The threshold of exchange 2. Another nature 3. Artificial persons 4. The spectacle of the market Epilogue: confidence and culture Notes Index.

The Threshold of Exchange: Speculations on the Market

The Threshold of Exchange: Speculations on the Market

Isolation of rod and cone contributions to cat ganglion cells by a method of light exchange.

1. The great majority of cat retinal ganglion cells are known to receive signals from rods and from a single (green) cone type. The centre region of the receptive fields of these cells was stimulated by a spot that changed back and forth from orange to white. By adjusting the intensity of the white spot relative to that of the orange a condition could be established at which the photon-catch rate of the rods remained unchanged during the orange-white exchange. At this intensity setting, termed the rod isolept, rods are thus unstimulated by the exchange, however intense, and the ganglion-cell response was found to be due entirely to the green cones. At another intensity setting of the white spot relative to the orange (cone isolept), the photon catch of the green cones remained unchanged during the exchange and ganglion-cell responses were found to arise entirely from the rods. 2. A neutral wedge in the combined exchange beam (but not in the steady background that covered the whole receptive field) regulated the size of the exchange stimulus and thus the magnitude of the ganglion-cell discharge heard from a loud speaker to the exchange. Exchange threshold was the wedge setting at which this change in firing rate could only just be heard. 3. At the cone isolept, cones remain unstimulated however intense the exchange stimulus, and the rod increment threshold curve was determined over its full range from absolute threshold up to saturation. Likewise, at the rod isolept, the cone increment threshold curve was determined over the same intensity range as for the rods. Rod saturation was found to occur at the point where the cone increment threshold curve began to rise from its absolute threshold level toward its Weber region. 4. The exchange approach also enabled both rod and cone dark-adaptation curves following a strong bleaching exposure to be obtained in the same experiment by moving successively between the cone and rod isolepts. At the cone isolept the time course of early rod dark adaptation could thus be determined when the rod threshold to flashing spots lay well above that of the cones.

Exchange thresholds in dichromats

Light of intensity I 1 at wave length λ 1 is suddenly exchanged for I 2 at λ 2. This exchange is presented upon a background of ½( I 1 + I 2). The exchange is attenuated to threshold by a photometric wedge. When I 1 is kept fixed and I 2 varied in intensity, the relation between threshold and I 2 for dichromats fits the curve expected from Weber's law and the principle of univariance. For normal eyes the threshold is nearly the same as that for the protanope or deuteranope, whichever is lower.