Quality Of Information Exchange Research Articles

Determinants and Consequences of Information Exchange Quality in the Buyer-Supplier Relationship

Determinants and Consequences of Information Exchange Quality in the Buyer-Supplier Relationship

Impact of Public Purchasing Platform‘s CSV on Trust, Quality of Information Exchange and Long-term Orientation

Impact of Public Purchasing Platform‘s CSV on Trust, Quality of Information Exchange and Long-term Orientation

Nursing Home to Emergency Care Transition Form Has Limited Uptake But Improves Documentation

Critical information gaps exist in nursing home–to–emergency department (NH-ED) transfer documentation. Standardization of forms may address these gaps. In a single state, a Continuity of Care Acute Care Transfer (CoC) Form was standardized and mandated to be used for all NH-ED transfers. The objective of this study was to evaluate adoption and effectiveness of the standardized CoC form. We used a random cross-sectional sample of 2019–2022 electronic health record encounter data to determine NH-ED documentation completeness after standardized CoC form implementation. Using patient characteristic adjusted linear and logistic regressions, we examined if CoC form standardization was associated with the number of key elements present on NH-ED transfer documentation and hospital admission, respectively. We then compared documentation completeness (out of 15 key data elements) to previously published pre-implementation data (2015–2016, n = 474). Of the 203 NH-ED transfer visits after CoC standardization (2019–2022), mean patient age was 81.8 years and 41.4% had dementia. Any NH-ED transfer form was present for 80.8% (n = 164) of encounters and 28.6% (n = 58) used the standardized CoC form. In comparison with the 2015–2016 data, there was an increase in documentation for functional baseline (20% to 30%), cognitive baseline (25% to 37%), and reason for transfer (25% to 82%). Post implementation, the use of the standardized CoC form was (1) associated with 2.55 (95% CI, 1.66–3.44) more key data elements documented and (2) not associated with a decreased odds of admission [odds ratio (OR), 1.06; 95% CI, 0.54–2.05] after controlling for confounders. Implementation of a statewide standardized CoC form for NH-ED transfers improved documentation of key elements, yet significant information gaps remain. Implementation evaluation is needed to identify how to achieve greater uptake of the form and improve the quality of information exchange between NHs and EDs.

The Effect of Cyberbullying on Stress and Productivity of Remote Employees During COVID-19

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of cyberbullying from a conservation of resources perspective with the goal of advancing theory and providing practitioners with information aimed at well-being interventions. We examined perceived stress as an explanatory mechanism of the relationship between cyberbullying and work productivity in remote workers. Information exchange frequency and quality were considered as potential resources that were hypothesized to mitigate this indirect effect. A sample of 269 adults in the United States who were working remotely as a result of COVID-19 were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results of this time-lagged study indicated that cyberbullying did indeed exhibit an indirect effect on productivity via stress. However, contrary to expectations, this indirect effect was stronger for those with higher information exchange quality rather than lower information exchange quality. The indirect effect was unaffected by information exchange frequency. We encourage future scholars to dig deeper into when resources may be detrimental to employee well-being. We also encourage practitioners to consider ways to reduce both cyberbullying and worker stress with interventions such as technology etiquette training and careful planning of information exchange.

Customizing Management Strategies for Product Introduction in Low-Volume Manufacturing: Enhancing Information Content Quality

Manufacturing companies characterized by high-mix and low-volume production exhibit distinct features that exert a significant influence on the product introduction process. The quality of information exchange between product design and production interfaces becomes paramount in low-volume manufacturing. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore various methods for adapting and customizing management strategies to align with the unique characteristics of low-volume manufacturing and its associated product introduction processes. Although this knowledge is critical in low-volume manufacturing, most existing studies focus on the management aspects of high-volume manufacturing. Therefore, this study investigated the customization of management strategies for product introduction in low-volume manufacturing to enhance the quality of information content. Drawing upon a longitudinal analysis of new product introductions within a low-volume manufacturing company, this study identified four management strategies—namely, securing a production test and verification plan, revising the role of product introduction management, developing a formal design and production coordination plan, and developing lessons learned management plan. The paper explains how the examined company adapted and implemented product introduction management strategies to facilitate the enhancement of information content quality across three key stages: pre-implementation, post-implementation, and subsequent modification and refinement of strategies following the initial round of implementation. By shedding light on these strategies, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of management approaches for product introduction in low-volume manufacturing. The study makes a valuable contribution to the discourse on information quality management and design-production interface in the low-volume manufacturing and low-volume product introduction literature.

Factors affecting the ability of patients with complex vascular anomalies to navigate the healthcare system

BackgroundVascular anomalies (VAs) are rare congenital disorders that can cause pain, disfigurement, coagulopathy, asymmetric growth, and disability. Patients with complex VAs experience multiple barriers to accessing expert care. It is imperative to understand which factors support these patients’ ability to navigate the healthcare system.ResultsWe surveyed adult patients with VAs using previously validated measures, recruiting participants from five patient advocacy groups and multidisciplinary VA clinics. The primary outcome was self-reported ability to access needed medical care, using the “Navigating the Healthcare System” subscale of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. We evaluated factors associated with the ability to navigate the healthcare system using multivariate linear regression (n = 136). We also performed an exploratory model that included the primary care doctor’s knowledge of VAs for the subset of participants with a primary care doctor (n = 114). Participants were predominantly women (n = 90, 66%), White and non-Hispanic (n = 109, 73%), and college-educated (n = 101, 73%). Most participants had PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum (n = 107, 78%). Most participants reported that navigating the healthcare system was “sometimes” or “usually difficult” (mean score 16.4/30, standard deviation 5.6). In multivariate linear regression, ability to navigate the healthcare system was associated positively with quality of information exchange (β = 0.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.22 to 0.55, p <.001) and whether patients had VA specialists (β = 2.31, 95% CI 0.35 to 4.28, p =.021), but not associated with patient self-advocacy, anxiety, education, age, race and ethnicity, gender, or having a primary care doctor. In exploratory analysis of participants with primary care doctors, ability to navigate the healthcare system was positively associated with quality of information exchange (β = 0.27, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.45, p =.004), having a VA specialist (β = 2.31, 95% CI 0.22 to 4.39, p =.031), and primary care doctors’ VA knowledge (β = 0.27, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.50, p =.023).ConclusionPatients with VAs struggle to navigate the healthcare system. High-quality information from clinicians and more knowledgeable primary care doctors might help patients to access needed care. Relying on patient self-advocacy is insufficient. Future efforts should focus on patient-directed and clinician-directed educational interventions. Additionally, future work should assess the structural barriers that impede healthcare access for these patients.

Intensity controlled and multi-multiplexed full-space achromatic metalens and modulated orbital angular momentum.

The Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference model was used to make a 6-layer metasurface with cross-polarization that can be changed by heat. The fundamental concept behind the metasurface is to utilize the selectivity of linearly polarized waves by a metal grating to achieve broadband and efficient polarized conversion (PC). It also uses the thermal conversion properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2) to control the amplitude of terahertz (THz) waves in a dynamic way. While achromatic metalenses have been extensively studied, altering the entire spatial incidence angle remains relatively uncommon. Enter modulated orbital angular momentum (MOAM), a promising approach for applications such as holographic encryption, optical communication, and imaging. However, achieving MOAM multidimensional multiplexing has proven to be a significant challenge. In response to this challenge, we have integrated the transmission phase into the metasurface design. This new idea makes it possible to make a full spatially achromatic metalenses with angular multiplexing and makes MOAM multidimensional multiplexing easier by letting you switch between frequency, angle, and MOAM modes. This pioneering approach unveils new prospects for enhancing the capacity, rate, and quality of information exchange in domains such as optical encryption, optical imaging, optical communication, and other related technological fields.

Mental and physical health of adult patients affected by complex vascular anomalies

ObjectiveWe examined care and communication factors that affect physical and mental health for patients with complex vascular anomalies (VAs). MethodsVA patients (N = 135) completed an online survey with measures of ability to navigate healthcare, quality of information exchange, perceived stigma, and demographic variables. We performed linear regression to determine if these variables were associated with mental and physical health. ResultsPhysical and mental health were associated with information exchange (β = .41, 95% CI=.12 −.69; β = .33, 95% CI=.04 −.62), stigma (β = −.49, 95% CI=−.74 to −.24; β = −.63, 95% CI=−.89 to −.38), and education (β = 4.00, 95% CI=.63 - 7.38; β = 3.44, 95% CI=.06 to 6.82). Ability to navigate healthcare was associated with health outcomes in our bivariate model, but not significant in a multivariate model. ConclusionThe results underscore the importance of effective information exchange. Poor information exchange was associated with worse physical and mental health. VA patients with lower education levels and higher perceived stigma reported poorer health outcomes and likely face many struggles accessing care. Practice implicationsPatient-centered information exchange between clinicians and patients is needed to address unmet information needs. Clinicians can also reduce perceived stigma by validating patients, and should provide resources to reduce disparities related to education.

So Many Ways to Be Wrong: Completeness and Accuracy in a Prospective Study of OR-to-ICU Handoff Standardization

Studies focused on improving handoffs often measure the quality of information exchange using information completeness without reporting on accuracy. The present investigation aimed to characterize changes in the accuracy of transmitted patient information after standardization of operating room (OR)-to-ICU handoffs.Handoffs and Transitions in Critical Care (HATRICC) was a mixed methods study conducted in two US ICUs. From 2014 to 2016, trained observers captured the nature and content of information transmitted during OR-to-ICU handoffs, comparing this to the electronic medical record. Inconsistencies were compared before and after handoff standardization. Semistructured interviews initially conducted for implementation were reanalyzed to contextualize quantitative findings.A total of 160 OR-to-ICU handoffs were observed-63 before and 97 after standardization. Across seven categories of information, including allergies, past surgical history, and IV fluids, two types of inaccuracy were observed: incomplete information (for example, providing only a partial list of allergies) and incorrect information. Before standardization, an average of 3.5 information elements per handoff were incomplete, and 0.11 were incorrect. After standardization, the number of incomplete information elements per handoff decreased to 2.4 (-1.1, p < 0.001), and the number of incorrect items was similar, at 0.16 (p = 0.54). Interviews revealed that the familiarity of a transporting OR provider (for example, surgeon, anesthetist) with the patient's case was considered an important factor affecting information exchange.Handoff accuracy improved after standardizing OR-to-ICU handoffs in a two-ICU study. The improvement in accuracy was due to improved completeness rather than a change in the transmission of inaccurate information.

Digital Technologies Are a Strong Basis for Improving the Statistical Activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Purpose of the study. The main purpose of this article is to identify the main directions, means and methods of applying digital technological solutions in the static activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan and develop new recommendations for further improvement of this area of the national economy in the context of digital transformation of the world economic system.Materials and methods. When writing this article, the authors used the methods of system analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of working with computer networks, digital services and platforms, special methods and tools necessary for working with a statistical information system, statistical, optimization and software methods for working with the portal of the Agency of Statistics under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.Results. The authors of the article studied modern scientific and practical approaches to the effective use of digital technological solutions in the field of statistics, both on a global scale and in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the conducted research, the authors concluded that in order to improve the national statistical system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is necessary to widely use advanced technological solutions using a full range of digital mechanisms, including innovative approaches to automating the processes of collecting and processing statistical information, creating the possibility of searching and obtaining statistical and analytical data in an interactive form for short periods of time, organizing interaction between statistical bodies and other ministries and departments of the country.The authors of the paper also noted that all processes for the effective introduction of digital technologies in the statistical sphere are carried out within the framework of the «Digital Uzbekistan – 2030» strategy and in accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, the Agency of Statistics under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan was entrusted with certain tasks, such as improving information systems for storing, processing and presenting statistical data, platforms for the unified state register of enterprises and organizations, as well as automating population registration processes. As part of the implementation of these tasks, a lot of work is being done to in-depth study of new areas and modern technologies in the field of the digital economy and e-government for their implementation in statistical activities.Conclusion. Modern world trends in the effective implementation of digital technologies in the processes of collecting, processing, transmitting and storing information in various sectors and areas of the world economy are also firmly included in the sphere of statistical activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. As practice shows, at present, digital web services, software systems, information systems based on the use of digital devices and technologies are already operating in the field of statistics of Uzbekistan. But, along with the already existing achievements in the application of digital solutions in the field of statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the methodology for the effective use of digital mechanisms and the organization of interdepartmental information interaction is being improved in order to enhance the quality of information exchange of data to develop optimal management decisions and increase the competitiveness of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The Role of Attachment in Improving Consumer-AI Interactions

Abstract A successful implementation of artificial intelligence and robots in the service industry requires the acceptance and trust of consumers. In order to be able to provide similar services as human employees, AI devices and robots have to have the ability to interact and relate to the human consumer and, at the same time, to provide the expected information. Researches in the field of consumer services have shown that empathy and emotions can improve the relation between service employees and consumers, by providing more enjoyable interactions and a better exchange of information. In our research we investigate if the attachment between the consumer and AI devices can facilitate a higher quality of information exchange, a better and more pleasant interaction and if it determines a higher self-disclosing behavior from the consumer. Our results confirm that attachment has a positive impact on consumer-AI interactions, improving the perceived enjoyment of the conversation, a better quality of the exchanged information and determining a higher self-disclosing behavior. These results have important implications on the design of the future consumer-AI-interactions.

MAIN ASPECTS OF MANAGING LOGISTICS BUSINESS PROCESSES AND THEIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

The development of logistics, the formation of logistics chains and ensuring their effective functioning require improved management of logistics business processes. However, in literature and practical activities today, the aspects of managing logistics business processes are of a different nature, it is necessary to justify the approach to the creation of an integrated management system based on the assessment of their quality. It has been proven that logistics management and quality management is a general process of organization of production at the enterprise, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of available material, financial, information and personnel resources. Quality determines which product or service should be carried out taking into account consumer requirements and standards, and logistics – how to achieve the required level of production, the level of organization of processes and costs.In this work, the quality of logistics activity is understood as a set of properties and characteristics of successive interconnected logistics business processes related to the supply, production, transportation and sale of products, which arise as a result of interaction of a consumer and a producer, as well as other interested parties, the degree (level) which allows you to satisfy various socio-economic needs that are constantly changing.A methodological approach to the assessment of the quality of logistics business processes has been developed, which is based on the elements of the SCOR model and provides for the establishment of indicators in the areas of planning, execution, and provision separately for the logistics business processes of supply, production, and sales. The indicators of the quality of logistics business processes in terms of planning include the coefficients of processivity, continuity, adjustability, timeliness, and reliability of execution.To evaluate quality in terms of implementation, the list of evaluation criteria includes the following indicators: staff professionalism; exact fulfillment of all requirements; sufficiency of resources; quality of information exchange; effectiveness of the process. Prospects for further research are to establish directions for the development of the logistics management system, the formation of effective methods of managing logistics business processes based on their quality assessment.

Estimates of the impact of information technology on the tourism supply chain performance in Vietnam

In the context of the industrial revolution 4.0, information technology (IT) plays an essential role in the supply chain operation. Adopting IT helps companies stay competitive globally. Many researchers have highlighted the influence of IT on supply chain management and performance. It facilitates the linkages between components in the supply chain, minimizes operating costs, and enhances supply chain performance. Furthermore, IT helps increase the speed and quality of information exchange between partners in the supply chain, increasing competitiveness. To develop tourism, the application of information is a prerequisite for success. Currently, most tourism organizations in Vietnam have applied IT in operating their activities. However, new technologies' application and updated processes have not been synchronized. In Vietnam, literature reviews have indicated that there was no research demonstrating the role of IT in the supply chain performance of the tourism industry. This study was conducted to demonstrate the influence of IT on tourism supply chain performance in Vietnam. The level of impact is presented through the intermediary of “information sharing” and “electronic data interchange”. Research data was collected from 154 domestic and international travel agencies. The study has applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to prove the positive impact of IT on information sharing and electronic information exchange, thereby improving the efficiency of the supply chain. Research results have confirmed the significant role of IT in tourism supply chain performance in Vietnam. It concludes that tourism managers need to pay special attention and adequately invest in IT to improve the performance of the tourism supply chain continuously

Pharmacists' Efforts to Limit Interaction with Consumers During the Implementing Emergency Community Activity Restrictions

The spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) peaked on July 15, 2021 due to an uncontrollable spike since the previous month. The government responded by implementing Emergency Community Activity Restrictions (ECAR). However, pharmacies can still operate normally at that time. This article presents the efforts of pharmacists in limiting interactions with pharmacy consumers during ECAR. This study involved two pharmacies in the Temanggung Regency, Central Java. Observation activities took place from June to July 2021. Researchers collected 100 samples of interactions that took place between pharmacists and patients, by recording all conversations that occurred. Researchers classify the nodes of conversation (utterances) in two communication functions; therapeutic and social functions. The research data are presented in descriptive form. In emergency ECAR situations, pharmacy staff have tried to limit interaction with pharmacy consumers, by shortening the face-to-face duration. Within the limited duration of interaction, pharmacists are more dominant in conveying information exchange, and prioritizing information on the therapeutic aspect. The results of this study confirm to all parties that efforts to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus also include effectiveness in health services. Although there are restrictions on interactions in pharmaceutical services, health service providers still prioritize the fulfillment of the quality of information exchange to patients.

Communication Priorities and Experiences of Caregivers of Children With Cancer in Guatemala.

PURPOSEAlthough > 90% of children with cancer live in low- and middle-income countries, little is known about communication priorities and experiences of families in these settings. We examined communication priorities and the quality of information exchange for Guatemalan caregivers of children with cancer during diagnostic communication.METHODSA cross-sectional survey including items used in pediatric communication studies from high-income countries and novel questions was verbally administered to 100 caregivers of children with cancer in Guatemala.RESULTSGuatemalan caregivers prioritized communication functions of exchanging information (99%), fostering healing relationships (98%), decision making (97%), enabling self-management (96%), and managing uncertainty (94%) over responding to emotions (66%) and cultural awareness (48%). Almost all caregivers wanted as many details as possible about their child's diagnosis and treatment (96%), likelihood of cure (99%), and late effects (97%). Only 67% were always given the information they needed without asking for it, and most caregivers sometimes (56%) or always (18%) had questions they wanted to discuss but did not. Approximately half of the caregivers (54%) correctly identified their child's diagnosis, primary site, disease extent (localized v metastatic), proposed treatment length, and treatment intent (curative v palliative). Caregivers of children with leukemia were more likely to correctly identify all attributes than those whose children had solid tumors (P < .001).CONCLUSIONCaregivers in Guatemala prioritize many of the same aspects of diagnostic communication as parents in the United States, and experience similar challenges. Shared communication values offer potential for adaptation of communication interventions across settings with varying resources and diverse cultures.

Development of queries using the Z39.50 protocol in distributed information systems to support scientific and educational activities

Distributed information systems that support scientific and educational activities can work with various information systems. The main goal of creating a distributed information system supporting scientific and educational activities is to accelerate the pace and improve the quality of information exchange in the scientific environment. The paper considers technological methods for constructing models of information systems designed to support scientific and educational activities. The model under consideration is that the developed model of an information system for working with scientific materials should solve the problems of long-term storage of information, organizing data search by attributes, accumulating and replacing metadata. Based on the analysis of typical scenarios of information servers, the tasks that should be solved when organizing an access control system for distributed information resources are formulated. Within the framework of this technology, three access control models are discussed, which differ in the degree of integration of information server functions with the Z39.50 technologies. The creation and support of distributed information systems and electronic libraries that integrate heterogeneous information resources and operate in various software and hardware environments require special approaches to managing these systems. If the resources or data themselves can be managed locally, even for distributed information systems, then the task of managing access to distributed resources cannot be solved within the framework of local administration. The justification of the last thesis can be seen when considering typical scenarios of the information server, which we will describe below

Multilevel models of transformational leadership, behavioral integration of top management team and manager ambidexterity in SMEs

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership (TL), behavioral integration of top management team (TMT) and team conflict on manager ambidexterity behavior.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical linear modeling has been applied to test the degree of influence of TL and behavioral integration of TMT on manager ambidexterity using data collected from 60 chief executive officers (CEOs) and 322 TMT members of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Chinese electronic commerce industry.FindingsThe results suggest the following: transformational leadership is positively associated with the behavioral integration of TMT and a high level of TMT behavioral integration strengthens the positive relationship between transformational leadership and manager ambidexterity. Also, team conflict moderates the mediating role of TMT behavioral integration in the relationship of transformational leadership to manager ambidexterity.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this study does not directly test whether transformational leadership encourages a focus on manager ambidexterity, although the results on behavioral integration draw attention to the usefulness of such leadership. Second, in focusing on manager ambidexterity, this paper omits key variables, especially skills and abilities.Practical implicationsGiven that several aspects of leadership can be learned and adjusted, the findings suggest that organizations can improve their individual ambidexterity by helping the CEOs develop and display transformational leadership through training and mentoring. TMTs were found to rely mostly on the behavioral integration approach (collaborative behavior, quality of information exchange and joint decision-making) and team conflict management. Such reliance, in turn, predicts effective team behavioral coordination and subsequent manager ambidexterity.Originality/valueFirst, this study goes beyond the current research that focuses primarily on ambidexterity at the inter-organizational alliance, firm and business unit levels. This earlier research lacks a conceptually and empirically validated understanding of ambidexterity at the level of the manager. In contrast, by investigating and examining the antecedents of manager ambidexterity behavior, the study develops an individual perspective to elucidate the ambidextrous mechanisms. Second, the study also contributes by explaining how transformational leadership relates to manager ambidexterity. To date, only limited research has disentangled how transformational leaders enhance managers’ teamwork (e.g. behavioral integration) and how such leaders affect the ambidextrous orientation of managers.

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-Based Quality Information Exchange for Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing Genomic Testing: Implementation Study.

BackgroundNext-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been rapidly adopted in clinical practice, with the scope extended to early diagnosis, disease classification, and treatment planning. As the number of requests for NGS genomic testing increases, substantial efforts have been made to deliver the testing results clearly and unambiguously. For the legitimacy of clinical NGS genomic testing, quality information from the process of producing genomic data should be included within the results. However, most reports provide insufficient quality information to confirm the reliability of genomic testing owing to the complexity of the NGS process.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to develop a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)–based web app, NGS Quality Reporting (NGS-QR), to report and manage the quality of the information obtained from clinical NGS genomic tests.MethodsWe defined data elements for the exchange of quality information from clinical NGS genomic tests, and profiled a FHIR genomic resource to enable information exchange in a standardized format. We then developed the FHIR-based web app and FHIR server to exchange quality information, along with statistical analysis tools implemented with the R Shiny server.ResultsApproximately 1000 experimental data entries collected from the targeted sequencing pipeline CancerSCAN designed by Samsung Medical Center were used to validate implementation of the NGS-QR app using real-world data. The user can share the quality information of NGS genomic testing and verify the quality status of individual samples in the overall distribution.ConclusionsThis study successfully demonstrated how quality information of clinical NGS genomic testing can be exchanged in a standardized format. As the demand for NGS genomic testing in clinical settings increases and genomic data accumulate, quality information can be used as reference material to improve the quality of testing. This app could also motivate laboratories to perform diagnostic tests to provide high-quality genomic data.

Using a filming protocol to improve video-instructed cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

BACKGROUND: Video communications during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve the quality of information exchange between a bystander performing CPR and an emergency medical dispatcher (EMD).OBJECTIVE: To improve chest compression effectiveness, a filming protocol instructing video camera placements around a patient was developed. This study measured whether the filming protocol increased chest compressions’ effectiveness.METHODS: A simulation study was conducted comparing CPR effectiveness under three conditions: telephone-instructed, video-instructed, and video-instructed with the filming protocol. Twenty-five emergency medical technicians acted as EMDsin the three conditions. A mannequin measured five factors that determined the effectiveness of the chest compressions.RESULTS: Compared with telephone-instructed CPR, the filming protocol improved the proportion of time in which the bystander’s hands were in the correct position during chest compressions. Compared with video-instructed CPR, the filming protocol improved both the proportion of time in which the chest was fully released after each compression and the proportion of time in which the compressions were conducted with an appropriate rhythm. The depth and rate of compressions did not improve in the filming protocol condition.CONCLUSIONS: Video-instructed CPR with the filming protocol improves CPR effectiveness compared to telephone- and video-instructed CPR. Detailed implementation can improve new technology introduction.

Enhancing transport properties in interconnected systems without altering their structure

Units of complex systems -- such as neurons in the brain or individuals in societies -- must communicate efficiently to function properly: e.g., allowing electrochemical signals to travel quickly among functionally connected neuronal areas in the human brain, or allowing for fast navigation of humans and goods in complex transportation landscapes. The coexistence of different types of relationships among the units, entailing a multilayer represention in which types are considered as networks encoded by layers, plays an important role in the quality of information exchange among them. While altering the structure of such systems -- e.g., by physically adding (or removing) units, connections or layers -- might be costly, coupling the dynamics of subset(s) of layers in a way that reduces the number of redundant diffusion pathways across the multilayer system, can potentially accelerate the overall information flow. To this aim, we introduce a framework for functional reducibility which allow us to enhance transport phenomena in multilayer systems by coupling layers together with respect to dynamics rather than structure. Mathematically, the optimal configuration is obtained by maximizing the deviation of system's entropy from the limit of free and non-interacting layers. Our results provide a transparent procedure to reduce diffusion time and optimize non-compact search processes in empirical multilayer systems, without the cost of altering the underlying structure.