Excessive Energy Drink Consumption Research Articles

Acute Liver Failure and Liver Transplant After Excessive Energy Drink Consumption.

Acute Liver Failure and Liver Transplant After Excessive Energy Drink Consumption.

Effect of various factors on energy drinks consumption, and their connection with alcohol consumption.

Energy drinks (EDs) have become widely popular among adolescents and young adults. Excessive consumption of EDs can lead to ED abuse and alcohol abuse. Therefore, this study has aimed to analyse the consumption of EDs in a group of patients suffering from alcohol dependence and among young adults, considering such issues as the amounts consumed, underlying reasons and threats arising from excessive consumption of ED and their mixing with alcohol (AmED). The study included 201 men (101 patients treated due to alcohol dependence and 100 young adults/students). Each research participant responded to questions in a survey designed by the researchers (socio-demographic data, clinical data, including consumption of ED, AmED and alcohol), the MAST and SADD. The participants also had their arterial blood pressure measured. EDs were consumed by 92% of the patients and 52% of young adults. A statistically significant dependence was confirmed between consumption of ED and tobacco smoking (p< 0.001), as well as the place of residence (p= 0.044). For 22% of the patients, ED consumption had an effect on alcohol consumption, where 7% admitted to feeling an increased urge to drink alcohol, and 15% said ED consumption decreased it. A statistically significant relationship (p< 0.001) was also shown between ED consumption and the consumption of EDs mixed with alcohol (AmED). This study may implicate that widespread consumption of EDs predisposes to the consumption of alcohol mixed with ED or separate.

Energy drinks, depression, insomnia and stress among Palestinians: The mediating role of cigarettes smoking, electronic cigarettes and waterpipe

We investigated the association between energy drinks, depression, insomnia and stress among Palestinians and whether cigarette smoking, electronic cigarettes, and waterpipe mediate the association between these variables. Our study sample consisted of 506 Palestinian adults: 120 men and 386 women recruited from online advertisements, e-mail campaigns and social media. Findings showed a positive correlation between energy drinks, depression, insomnia, and stress. While a positive correlation was found between energy drinks, cigarette smoking, electronic smoking and waterpipe. Results of path analysis showed that energy drinks, cigarette smoking, electronic smoking and waterpipe mediated the correlation between energy drinks, insomnia, depression and stress. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase community awareness regarding the adverse effects of excessive energy drink consumption among Palestinians. Accordingly, training programs, workshops, and open days targeting Palestinians to improve awareness of the adverse effects of energy drinks on physical and mental health are crucial to reducing Palestinians’ extensive use of energy drinks.

Napoje energetyczne wśród młodzieży — tendencja i mechanizmy farmakologiczne niekorzystnego wpływu na układ sercowo-naczyniowy. Przegląd literatury

Energy drinks contain several ingredients with primarily stimulating effects. Consumption of these drinks greatly increased in the last several years, especially among young people. Recently, scientists focused on investigating their safety. Apart from its desirable effects like boosted mental and physical performance, studies show that energy drinks can also cause adverse effects, which currently remain not well described. The purpose of this article was to present current trends in energy drink consumption among young adults and to describe the mechanisms of adverse effects, which might be caused by it. The ingredients of energy drinks, like caffeine, consumed in high doses ( > 200 mg/day), were shown to cause shaking, dizziness, heart palpitations, and sleep disorders. The excessive consumption of energy drinks can also lead to electrolyte imbalance, and heart-related diseases, e.g. myocardial infarction. It is essential to familiarise oneself with the composition of the energy drinks and follow the recommendations for maximum daily intake of substances contained in these drinks. In addition, it is necessary to raise awareness of pharmacological mechanisms of possible side effects and to further the research on the consumption of energy drinks, especially among young people.

Schizophreniform Disorder Following Excessive Consumption of Energy Drinks: A Case Report

Introduction - consumption of energy drinks is increasing each year worldwide, especially among young people seeking for assumed power and increased physical and emotional endurance. energy drinks contain caffeine which has stimulating effects, but its excessive and chronic consumption may cause unwanted effects; physically and mentally. There are some studies reported symptoms of psychotic and mood disorders associated with excessive use of caffeine. We present a case of clear psychotic features in a young female following a four-year history of consuming large amounts of energy drinks. In conclusion, this case suggests an association between excessive use of energy drinks and schizophreniform disorder.

Detrimental Impact of Energy Drink Compounds on Developing Oligodendrocytes and Neurons.

The consumption of energy drinks is continuously rising, particularly in children and adolescents. While risks for adverse health effects, like arrhythmia, have been described, effects on neural cells remain elusive. Considering that neurodevelopmental processes like myelination and neuronal network formation peak in childhood and adolescence we hypothesized that developing oligodendrocytes and neurons are particularly vulnerable to main energy drink components. Immature oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons were isolated from P0-P1 Wistar rats and were incubated with 0.3 mg/mL caffeine and 4 mg/mL taurine alone or in combination for 24 h. Analysis was performed immediately after treatment or after additional three days under differentiating conditions for oligodendrocytes and standard culture for neurons. Oligodendrocyte degeneration, proliferation, and differentiation were assessed via immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting. Neuronal integrity was investigated following immunocytochemistry by analysis of dendrite outgrowth and axonal morphology. Caffeine and taurine induced an increased degeneration and inhibited proliferation of immature oligodendrocytes accompanied by a decreased differentiation capacity. Moreover, dendritic branching and axonal integrity of hippocampal neurons were negatively affected by caffeine and taurine treatment. The negative impact of caffeine and taurine on developing oligodendrocytes and disturbed neuronal morphology indicates a high risk for disturbed neurodevelopment in children and adolescents by excessive energy drink consumption.

Impact of Single Use of Energy Drink on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Healthy Medical Students

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background&#x0D; Globally, the popularity of energy drinks is steadily increasing. After being first introduced around 1960, they have been increasingly used all over the world for the promotion of mental concentration and vigilance. Although few of these claims have been partly demonstrated in a few athlete-targeted surveys, many more health concerns are increasingly unfolded about the excessive consumption of energy drinks. A number of investigations focused on the hemodynamic effects of the consumption of energy drinks on healthy individuals; some of which found a statistically significant effect on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)&#x0D; Objective&#x0D; To evaluate the acute effects of the consumption of energy drinks on blood pressure and heart rate in a group of healthy medical students.&#x0D; Materials and Method&#x0D; The study was conducted on 40 healthy MBBS students studying in Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute in the age group of 19 to 22 years. Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded pre and 1 hour post consumption of energy drink in the subjects.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the data obtained in the present study. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased 1 hour post consumption of energy drink but not statistically significant. Heart rate increased significantly 1 hour post consumption of energy drink.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; A statistically significant increase in heart rate was observed in the subjects one hour after consumption of energy drink (pre=78.6±9.03, post=83.4±10.08, p value=0.05*). Though there was no statistically significant change in blood pressure, systolic BP increased by 3 mm of Hg (from 112.2±9.96 to 115.3±9.86) and diastolic BP increased by 2mm of Hg (from 71±7.32 to 72.2±6.75).&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Interventions for excessive energy drink use.

Given the increased and sometimes excessive consumption of energy drinks containing caffeine and other drugs, often sugar-sweetened, especially among young people, interventions that reduce consumption are needed. We review current findings related to interventions at the individual, outlet and regulatory levels to reduce energy drink consumption. Few interventions to reduce excess energy drink consumption have been tested. Interventions to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and caffeinated beverages are reviewed. A manual-only intervention to reduce caffeinated beverages shows promise, whereas reducing availability at outlets and in communities as a whole shows some effectiveness. Although some recent studies can provide guidance on interventions to reduce energy drink consumption, no clear 'best practice' has emerged to reduce energy drink consumption. The literature reviewed points toward interventions at different levels which need further testing and could benefit from adaptation to the youth and young adult consumer.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ НАПИТКОВ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В ВУЗЕ

The article is devoted to a topical issue - the problem of excessive consumption of energy drinks among the younger generation, and influence of energy on students of the Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies. In the course of the study, a sociological survey was conducted among students of the university, as well as experimental observation of the effects of energy drinks on humans.

The Effect of Acute Consumption of Energy Drinks on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Blood Glucose in the Group of Young Adults

Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are very popular among young people, who consume them for various reasons. A standard ED typically contains 80 mg of caffeine, as well as glucose, taurine, vitamins and other ingredients. Excessive consumption of EDs and accumulation of the above ingredients, as well as their mutual interactions, can be hazardous to the health of young adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acute consumption of energy drinks on blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose. Methods: The study involved 68 volunteers, healthy young adults (mean age 25 years), who were divided into two groups: the first consumed three EDs at one-hour intervals, and the second drank the same amount of water. All participants had their blood pressure (BP)—systolic and diastolic (SBP and DBP)—as well as heart rate (HR) and blood glucose (BG) measured. In addition, participants could report any health problems before and after consuming each portion of ED. Results: In the above experiment, having consumed three portions of ED (240 mg of caffeine), the participants presented a significant increase in DBP (p = 0.003), by over 8%, which coincided with a lack of any significant impact on SBP (p = 0.809). No significant changes were noted in HR (p = 0.750). Consumption of EDs caused a significant increase (p < 0.001) in BG, by ca. 21%, on average. Some participants reported various discomforts, which escalated after 2 and 3 EDs. Conclusions: Acute consumption of EDs contributed to increased diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and level of discomfort in healthy young people. Our results reinforce the need for further studies on a larger population to provide sufficient evidence.

Cardiovascular Pathologies Associated with Excessive Energy Drink Consumption: A Review.

Energy drink consumption has caused worldwide concern in the scientific community and the general public regarding the health effects of these products. Current studies offer data about consumption patterns in America and Europe, but more extensive research is needed to ascertain the potential effects of energy drink consumption, especially among young and healthy individuals. To examine the consequences and health risks of energy drink consumption, related studies were reviewed. Health issues, including elevated blood pressure, palpitations, insomnia, jitters, and nervousness, are primarily associated with high caffeine content. Although more studies examine the effects of highly carbonated and caffeinated products, research determining the health effects of energy drinks is also important. Currently, the evidence regarding the adverse health effects of energy drinks is growing. Unfortunately, the risks of high consumption of energy drinks have not been properly addressed. Thus, these adverse effects may pose a great public health dilemma in the years to come.

Acute Cardiogenic Shock Due to Adrenergic Myocardial Toxicity from a Paraganglioma: The Unmasking Role of Excessive Energy Drink Consumption and Phentermine Prescription in a Young, Obese Man

Acute Cardiogenic Shock Due to Adrenergic Myocardial Toxicity from a Paraganglioma: The Unmasking Role of Excessive Energy Drink Consumption and Phentermine Prescription in a Young, Obese Man

STEMI Associated with Overuse of Energy Drinks.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are predominantly diseases of middle-aged and older adults and when found in younger adults are usually associated with a strong family history. However, this report details the case of a nonobese 26-year-old Hispanic male who presented with an acute STEMI despite having no family history or other apparent risk factors for CAD or STEMI beyond a two pack-year smoking history and excessive energy drink consumption. The patient reported consuming between eight and ten 473 mL cans per day. Cardiac catheterization subsequently confirmed total occlusion of his left circumflex coronary artery.

Consumption of Energy Drinks, Alcohol, and Alcohol-Mixed Energy Drinks Among Italian Adolescents

It has been argued that the excessive consumption of energy drinks (EDs) may have serious health consequences, and that may serve as an indicator for substance use and other risky behaviors. The present paper offers a perspective on this topic that remains underexplored on the population of adolescents. Data were collected via self-administered anonymous questionnaires from 870 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years who were recruited from a random sample of public secondary schools in the geographic area of the Calabria Region, in the South of Italy. A total of 616 participants completed the survey for a response rate of 70.8%. Nearly 68% of respondents had drunk at least a whole can of ED during their life, and about 55% reported consuming EDs during the 30 days before the survey. Only 13% of interviewed adolescents were aware that drinking EDs is the same as drinking coffee, whereas a sizable percentage believed that drinking EDs is the same as drinking carbonated beverages or rehydrating sport drinks. Forty-six percent of adolescents had drunk alcohol-mixed energy drinks (AmEDs) during their life, and 63% of lifetime users admitted drinking AmEDs during the 30 days before the survey. Overall, 210 (63.3%) had drunk alcohol alone not mixed with EDs during their life, and more than half (56.3%) reported having consumed it at least once during the 30 days before the survey. Multivariate analysis showed that the factors independently associated with the consumption of AmEDs were the increasing number of sexual partners, being a current smoker, being male, riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, and having used marijuana. Comprehensive educational programs among youths focusing on potential health effects of EDs, alcohol, and the combination of the two, designed to empower the ability to manage these drinking habits, are strongly advisable.

Association between reported screening and counseling about energy drinks and energy drink intake among U.S. adolescents

ObjectivePossible adverse health consequences of excessive energy drink (ED) consumption have led to recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics discouraging ED intake by youth. However, limited information on ED counseling by health care providers exists. MethodsData was obtained from the 2011 YouthStyles Survey administered to youth aged 12–17 (n=815). The outcome variable was ED consumption (none vs. ≥1 time/week) and exposure variables were screening and counseling about ED (if doctor/nurse asked about ED consumption and if doctor/nurse recommended against ED consumption). ResultsApproximately 8.5% of youth consumed energy drinks weekly, 11.5% reported being asked by their doctor/nurse about frequency of ED consumption, and 11.1% were advised by their doctor/nurse against ED intake. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds for drinking ED ≥1 time/week was significantly higher in youth who were asked how often they drank ED by their doctor/nurse (odds ratio=2.46) vs. those who were not asked. ConclusionAbout 1 in 9 youth reported receiving counseling discouraging ED consumption from their doctor/nurse, and a greater proportion of youth who were screened about ED also reported ED consumption. Practice implicationsEfforts by health care providers to educate youth about potential harms of consuming ED are needed.

Cardiac arrest due to long QT syndrome associated with excessive consumption of energy drinks

Amphetamines 1000 Negative Barbiturates 300 Negative Benzodiazepines 300 Negative Cannabinoids 50 Negative Cocaine 300 Negative MDMA 500 Negative Metamphetamine 1000 Negative Methadone 300 Negative The congenital form of long QT syndrome is characterized by a prolonged QT interval in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and is complicated by episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia known as torsades de pointes (TdP). Patients with long QT syndrome 1 (LQTS-1) typically may suffer cardiac arrest during exercise. Based on these observations beta-blocker therapy is recommended in these patients to reduce the maximal heart rate and blunt the effects of adrenaline. Energy drinks contain high doses of taurine (an amino acid), caffeine and glucuronolactone (a glucose metabolite), neither of which is considered to have significant toxicity. We report a case of a 22 year old female with out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to initial torsades de pointes tachycardia secondary degenerating to ventricular fibrillation. Sudden cardiac death occurred without prodrome in a discotheque. Basic life support was performed immediately. After 15 minutes of resuscitation with fractionated administration of 3 mg adrenaline return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) could be achieved after the patient received five 360 Joule shocks by the emergency medical services personnel. Initial ECG showed torsades de pointes tachycardia, which degenerated during resuscitation to ventricular fibrillation. After ROSC the patient was admitted to our intensive care unit. Acute cardiac catheterization excluded coronary macroangiopathy or coronary anomalies. Cardiac ventriculography revealed a normal ejection fraction of 69. Echocardiography showed normal cardiac function without any pathologic pattern. Furthermore, no pericardial effusion was found. Results of a urinary screen for drug or alcohol misuse were negative (Table 1). Potassium level at admission was normal (4.4 mmol/l). Abnormal

Could the use of energy drinks induce manic or depressive relapse among abstinent substance use disorder patients with comorbid bipolar spectrum disorder?

The potential harmful effects of excessive caffeine consumption remain largely unknown among psychiatric populations. Energy drinks have particularly high levels of caffeine content and have previously been shown to induce psychotic relapse. Clinical observations of three bipolar disorder patients with comorbid substance use disorder revealed an excessive consumption of energy drinks prior to manic or depressive relapse. Three patients with bipolar spectrum disorder and comorbid substance use disorder were assessed by a psychiatrist upon re-admission to a rehabilitation centre following manic or depressive relapse. The assessment was based on DSM-IV criteria and performed by a psychiatrist who specialized in bipolar spectrum disorder and comorbidities to determine the presence of manic or depressive relapse. Two patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I, and the third with bipolar disorder type II. All three patients were diagnosed with comorbid substance use disorders and all three abused cocaine. In all three cases, relapse occurred following at least one week of excessive binging on energy drinks, with a maximum daily consumption of nine cans. Following cessation of energy drink consumption, two of the patients remained abstinent from drug use and maintained psychiatric stability. One patient relapsed three months post-treatment and resumed consuming cocaine and energy drinks. These clinical observations support other case reports that suggest the existence of a potential correlation between excessive energy drink consumption and relapse among psychiatric populations.

Atrial fibrillation in healthy adolescents after highly caffeinated beverage consumption: two case reports

IntroductionEnergy drinks and highly caffeinated drinks comprise some of the fastest growing products of the beverage industry, often targeting teenagers and young adults. Cardiac arrhythmias in children related to high caffeine consumption have not been well described in the literature. This case series describes the possible association between the consumption of highly caffeinated drinks and the subsequent development of atrial fibrillation in the adolescent population.Case presentationsWe report the cases of two Caucasian adolescent boys of 14 and 16 years of age at the time of presentation, each without a significant cardiac history, who presented with palpitations or vague chest discomfort or both after a recent history of excessive caffeine consumption. Both were found to have atrial fibrillation on electrocardiogram; one patient required digoxin to restore a normal sinus rhythm, and the other self-converted after intravenous fluid administration.ConclusionWith the increasing popularity of energy drinks in the pediatric and adolescent population, physicians should be aware of the arrhythmogenic potential associated with highly caffeinated beverage consumption. It is important for pediatricians to understand the lack of regulation in the caffeine content and other ingredients of these high-energy beverages and their complications so that parents and children can be educated about the risk of cardiac arrhythmias with excessive energy drink consumption.