Excessive Caffeine Consumption Research Articles

Nylon 6 film coated with poly-tetrahydrofuran sol–gel solution in face mask as a non-invasive in vivo sampling device for caffeine in human exhaled breath aerosol

Caffeine is an alkaloid compound that can excite the central nervous system and effectively relieve fatigue in moderation. However, excessive caffeine consumption can block blood vessels, raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization has listed caffeine in category 3 carcinogens, so it is crucial that caffeine be detected easily and accurately. Exhaled breath aerosol (EBA), which consists of a large number of volatile substances and complex biological matrices, can not only reflect the physiological state of the human body, ingested substances, and environmental exposures; on the other hand, the characteristics of non-invasive sampling also make EBA analysis has a broad application prospect in the field of human health monitoring and disease diagnosis. This paper used a combination of nylon 6 film coated with poly-tetrahydrofuran (PTHF) and a medical N95 mask to construct a convenient and direct sampling device, which can be used to collect caffeine ingested by humans non-invasively from EBA. Volunteers wore a mask for a defined period of time after consuming a certain amount of caffeine. The samples were next back-extracted with methanol and detected and analyzed using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). The results showed that under the optimized analytical conditions, the PTHF-coated nylon 6 film was effective in collecting caffeine from human EBA, and the peak time of caffeine was 23.44 min. The mask-loaded coated device in this study has the advantages of being comfortable and efficient, safe and non-invasive as well as easy to operate, and by combining with mass spectrometry molecular techniques it can achieve high sensitivity and specificity analysis of trace components, which is expected to be used for the early diagnosis of respiratory diseases in clinical analysis.

The Association between Antenatal Tea Drinking and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several adverse maternal outcomes have been linked to the excessive consumption of caffeine during pregnancy. Tea is an important source of caffeine. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are common pregnancy complications with unfavorable maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between antenatal tea drinking and HDP using a meta-analysis of available evidence. We systematically retrieved eligible studies before computing the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HDP for women who reported the highest versus the lowest frequencies of antenatal tea drinking. We used the I2 statistic to measure heterogeneity across studies and the test for funnel plot asymmetry to evaluate publication bias. The results showed that the highest frequencies of antenatal tea drinking were associated with increased odds of HDP (pooled OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.33). We identified no signs of heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0.0% and p-heterogeneity = 0.498) or publication bias (z = 0.791 and p-publication bias = 0.429). When the outcome was limited to (pre-)eclampsia, the association became statistically non-significant (pooled OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.89, I2 = 0.0%, and p-heterogeneity = 0.751). In conclusion, our results indicated that the highest frequency of antenatal tea drinking was positively associated with HDP. Pregnant women should be advised against excessive tea consumption. Still, future prospective cohort studies, considering the effects of different tea types and caffeine content, are needed to confirm our conclusions.

The Association Between Caffeine Consumption and Academic Success in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Theconsumption ofcaffeinated beverages has increased significantly, particularly, among young adults. They usecaffeinated drinks foravariety of reasons. The most popularreason is to enhancemental alertness by improving brain function, wakefulness, and productivity. Thehigh prevalence rate of caffeinated drinks among young adults may affect theiracademic performance level. Adescriptive cross-sectional study based on an electronic questionnaire via Google Forms, conducted in February 2022 after the biomedical ethics committee obtained the ethical approval at Umm Al-QuraUniversity (UQU), College of Medicine, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,the sample size was593 medical students inMakkah region. Atotal number of 593 medical students participated in this study, most of the medical students who participated (47.20%) had average GPA of 85%-95%. The largest number of medical students (45.30%) consume only one cup of caffeinated beverages per day. We reported no association between caffeinated beverages consumption and academic performance. Our studydemonstrates thatcaffeinated beverages are a popular practice among medical college students. Majorityof the medical students in Makkah region consume coffee as the most popular drink, while energy drinks are considered to be the least consumed drink,but energy drinks are easilyaffordable and available. Therefore, primary prevention of excessive consumption of caffeine is essential.

Sleep Disorder and its Treatment: From Nature to Laboratory

Sleep is the natural cellular repair mechanism to improve and restore central neural mechanism, memory, hormonal imbalance, and finally, cell rejuvenation. Sleep disorder is characterized by insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder (CRD), sleep apnea, narcolepsy, parasomnia, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) or periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Both oversleeping and less sleeping are associated with sleep disorders (SD). Anxiety, schizophrenia, weight loss/gain, hypothyroidism, and oxidative stress are the most common outcomes of SD. There is also a genetic explanation behind circadian rhythmicity, circadian disorder, narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and somnambulism. Excessive work pressure, stress, and consumption of caffeine and alcohol collectively push a person toward sleep deprivation. Anxiety, schizophrenia, weight loss/gain, hypothyroidism, and oxidative stress are the most common outcomes of SD. Adenosine, melatonin, dopamine, serotonin, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), orexin, and histamine regulate SDs by various pathways. Among natural sources, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Acorus calamus, Withania somnifera, Nardostachys jatamansi, Poria cocos is, Valeriana officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula angustifolia, Nelumbo nucifera, Melissa officinalis, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Camellia sinensis, Ziziphus jujube, Datura stramonium, Zhizhipus jujube, Passiflora incarnata, and Moringa oleifera showed remarkable effects on different forms of SDs through GABAA, serotonin, and melatonin receptors. Pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, clonazepam, lorazepam, estazolam, zolpidem, lemborexant, daridorexant, and suvorexant showed its activity in the treatment of SDs as a dopamine agonist, inhibitor of GABAA receptor, dual orexin receptor antagonist, respectively. This article focused on the types of SDs, the effects of SDs on mental health, receptors involved in the sleep cycle, and the impact of natural molecules and synthetic molecules in the management of SDs.

Coffea plant (Caffeine): Examining its Impact on Physical and Mental Health

This research delves into the extensive use of caffeine across various consumables like foods, drinks, medications, and supplements. Caffeine's influence on the central nervous system renders it a popular substance globally. The study aims to elucidate how caffeine impacts health and overall well-being. It examines both the physical and mental repercussions of caffeine consumption, highlighting its advantages, risks, and individual differences in sensitivity. Moreover, the research investigates how caffeine affects diverse aspects such as sleep, mood, cognition, and physical performance, both positively and negatively. Notably, it also scrutinizes the association between caffeine intake and health conditions like heart disease, bone health, and mental well-being. The research promotes responsible caffeine consumption by advocating for moderation and understanding one's tolerance levels. It underscores the significance of comprehending caffeine's effects to enable informed decisions among consumers, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Emphasizing the prevalence of caffeine consumption, the study underscores the necessity of recognizing its impact on various bodily systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and neurological systems. While coffee, a common source of caffeine, offers health benefits, it's crucial to acknowledge caffeine as a chemical compound capable of influencing our nervous and other bodily systems. Excessive consumption of caffeine can pose detrimental effects on health. In essence, this research aims to raise awareness regarding the advantages and disadvantages associated with caffeine consumption. As the most widely consumed psychoactive substance globally, understanding caffeine's effects is imperative for maintaining overall well-being. Many individuals kickstart their day with coffee, unaware of both the positive and negative effects of caffeine.

ASSOCIATION OF BOOSTING ENERGY WITH PSYCHOSIS AND HYPERTENSION IN AN ADOLESCENT MALE IN INDIA: A CASE REPORT

Energy is a fundamental aspect of human health and well-being, significantly influencing cognitive, physical, and emotional functioning. In recent times, there has been an increasing focus on enhancing energy levels to optimize daily performance and improve overall quality of life. This case report explores the significance of boosting energy in the context of its impact on psychosis and hypertension.In conclusion, caffeine-related psychosis in adolescents deserves attention as an emerging public health concern. A comprehensive understanding of the risk factors and implications of excessive caffeine consumption in this vulnerable population is essential to promote healthier habits and protect adolescent mental health.

The influence of various endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system.

Various stimulants (VS) are chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system - endocrine homeostasis of the reproductive system - which also known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These substances are found in the human body, in both the blood and urine, amniotic fluid, or, among others, the adipose tissue. This article presents the current state of knowledge of the effect of EDCs and additional factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis on the gonads. The article is an overview of the impact of EDCs and their mechanism of action, with particular emphasis on gonads, based on databases such as PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar, and Web of Science available until May 2022. The impact of human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is not fully understood, but it has been shown that phthalates show a negative correlation in anti-androgenic activity in the case of men and women for the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Smoking cigarettes and passive exposure to tobacco have a huge impact on the effects of endocrine disorders in both women and men, especially during the reproductive time. Also, the use of large amounts of cannabinoids during the reproductive years can lead to similar disorders. It has been documented that excessive alcohol consumption leads to disturbed function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG). Excess caffeine consumption may adversely affect male reproductive function, although this is not fully proven. Therefore, the following publication presents various stimulants (BPA, phthalates, nicotine, alcohol, cannabis) that disrupt the function of the endocrine system and, in particular, affect the function of the gonads.

NOVEL UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF CAFFEINE IN MARKETED ENERGY DRINKS

Objective: This study is performed to quantitatively estimate caffeine in marketed energy drinks by using UV-Visible spectroscopic method.
 Methods: This experiment was performed on various soft drinks and energy drinks available in the local market of India to determine the caffeine concentration. The quantitative method used was simple, easy UV-Visible spectrophotometric method by using carbon dichloromethane as diluent at 274 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the amount of discrete wavelengths of UV or visible light that are absorbed by or transmitted through a sample in comparison to a reference or blank sample.
 Results: Among all the samples i.e. soft or energy drinks taken for this experiment sample 1 has low concentration of caffeine and the highest concentration was observed in sample 3.
 Conclusion: Caffeine in an energy drink provides a stimulant effect, it gives energy. At lower levels, as it’s typically used in soft drinks, it has less of a stimulant effect and is used mainly for its taste profile. However the concentration of caffeine should be within the limits specified. Excessive consumption of caffeine may lead to anxiety, caffeine dependence, increased urination, and may cause insomnia. Energy drinks can contain high levels of caffeine but are unlikely to be hazardous unless consumed with alcohol. This research is very important analytical process to safeguard the well being of people who are unaware to adverse effects of caffeine.

Use of Caffeine-Containing Energy Drinks by Japanese Middle School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study of Related Factors

Excessive consumption of caffeine negatively affects individuals' health. Therefore, we studied the use of energy drinks and the conditions associated with it among Japanese secondary school students. Participants were 236 students in grades 7-9 who completed anonymous questionnaires at home in July 2018. We measured the basic attributes and dietary, sleeping, and exercise habits. We used Chi-squared tests to compare differences between users and non-users of energy drinks. Logistic regression analyses were used to elucidate the complex association between the variables. The results showed that boys were more willing to consume energy drinks than girls. The reasons were 'feeling fatigued', 'needing to stay awake', 'for curiosity', and 'to quench one's thirst'. Among boys, the following were associated with the use of EDs. Buying their own snacks , not understanding nutritional labels on foods, high caffeinated beverage intake, late bed-times on weekdays, always waking up at about the same time, and weight. Health guidance is needed to prevent overconsumption and dependence on energy drinks. The cooperation of parents and teachers is needed to achieve these goals.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF COFFEE CONSUMPTION WITH HYPERTENSION

Every year hypertension is the leading cause of death worldwide. The cause of this disease is due to modifiable factors and lifestyle. Currently, there are many people with hypertension in Kupang, ranking third out of the 10 most common diseases. The cause of kupang is the influence of lifestyle, namely consuming fatty foods such as pork, se'i (cured meat by smoking), excessive alcohol consumption, high sodium foods. Lack of exercise habits, excessive consumption of caffeine. The habit of drinking coffee is currently popular. There are many coffee shops in the city of Kupang. Coffee is a favorite drink besides alcohol. This research is quantitative with analytical descriptive design. The approach used is a cross sectional study. The number of samples is 37 people. Instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis and test. The results obtained 93.3% of respondents consume packaged coffee or coffee that is processed in the factory. The habit of drinking coffee in people who suffer from hypertension is in the high category of 25 (67.6%). Most of the respondents suffer from moderate hypertension as many as 20 respondents (54.1%), mild hypertension as many as 14 (37.8%), and severe hypertension. as many as 3 respondents (8,1%). The results of the one sample t test obtained a p value of 0.00. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the coffee drinking group and the incidence of hypertension. The habit of drinking coffee can cause hypertension, depending on the amount and content of caffeine consumen.

Caffeine consumption, khat chewing, and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Illu Aba Bor Zone, South West Ethiopia

BackgroundSubstance use during pregnancy remained to be public health concern. Excess caffeine consumption and khat chewing during pregnancy have multiple preventable effects on the fetus and mothers. So, understanding the prevalence of using these substances and their predictors during pregnancy is the first step to take measurements. However, there is information scarcity regarding the estimated magnitude of these substances use during pregnancy and their associated factors at a national level, especially in our study area. ObjectiveTo identify the magnitude of caffeine intake above the recommended level, chewing khat and their predictors during the prenatal period in the Ilu Aba Bor zone in 2021. MethodsTo recruit 830 participants, a community-based cross-sectional study design with multistage sampling was used. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression was run, and variables with a p-value of <0.05 at a CI of 95% were declared significant variables. ResultThis study revealed that 16.3% [95% CI(13.9,18.9)] of respondents consumed caffeine excessively and about 27.4%(95% CI:24.5,30.4%) of them chewed khat in the present pregnancy. Lack of counseling service during antenatal care to limit caffeine consumption (AOR = 2.27;95 %CI:1.18,4.38), lack of awareness of the risk of excess caffeine consumption (AOR = 4.93; 95 %CI:2.10,11.09), and being in the second trimester (AOR = 2.16;95 %CI:1.10,4.25) were significantly shown association with excessive caffeine intake.Being urban resident (AOR = 2.10;95CI:1.26,3.48), lack of formal education (AOR = 4.22;95CI:2.28,7.82), unwanted Pregnancy (AOR = 4.87;95 %CI:2.86,8.29), Multigravida (AOR = 1.91;95CI:1.12,3.20), and lack of awareness about risk of using khat on the fetus (AOR = 8.66;95 %CI:5.00,14.99) were the main factors significantly associated with khat chewing during pregnancy. ConclusionSignificant number of pregnant mothers were exercising caffeine consumption above the recommended level and chewing khat during pregnancy. Thus, we suggest counseling for excess caffeine consumption and khat chewing as an integral part of antenatal care. Plain language summaryThe first step in intervening is to understand the magnitude of caffeine consumption, khat chewing, and their associated factors during pregnancy. This study determined that 16.3% of respondents consumed caffeine excessively and 27.4% chewed khat during the current pregnancy. Excess caffeine consumption and chewing khat during prenatal period have numerous preventable impacts on the fetus and mothers. Being urban resident, lack of formal education, and gestational age of second trimester were shown association with excessive caffeine intake. Lack of awareness of the risk of excess caffeine consumption and khat chewing during pregnancy is the first step to taking intervention.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PELARUT ASAM ASETAT TERHADAP RENDEMEN KOPI ROBUSTA HASIL DEKAFEINASI PADA SUHU SOKLETASI 150℃

Coffee was a leading plantation commodity that is widely cultivated in various countries, including Indonesia. For a group of people, drinking coffee is a necessity that must be met every day. A common variety of coffee as processed coffee is Robusta coffee. Robusta coffee's caffeine content was higher than Arabica coffee's caffeine content. Based on the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), the allowed caffeine content is 100-200 mg/day, while in SNI 01-7152-2006, the caffeine content in food is 150 mg/day and drinks 50 mg/serving. The requirement for the amount of caffeine consumption is aimed at avoiding the negative side effects of excessive caffeine consumption. This study discusses the effect of the concentration of acetic acid solvent (CH3COOH) on the yield of ecaffeinated Robusta coffee. Decaffeinated coffee was coffee that had been reduced in caffeine content by the solid-liquid extraction method (soxhletation) at a temperature of 150 °C using acetic acid as a solvent. Acetic acid solvents used varied, namely acetic acid 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The soxhletation process was carried out for 5 hours, with the yields sequentially from the lowest concentrations of 90.03%, 86.12%, 74.63%, and 60.75%. The higher the concentration, the lower the yield of decaffeinated robusta coffee extract. Furthermore, to assess the acceptability of decaffeinated coffee products, organoleptic sensory tests were carried out with 25 untrained panelists and data on the acceptance of taste on a scale of (4) or likes, namely in decaffeinated coffee with a concentration of acetic acid solvent of 20%.

The characteristics of caffeine intake in Croatian university students

Abstract Background Excessive caffeine intake combined with increasing numbers and availability of caffeine-containing products in modern societies are causes for concern. University students may be at increased risk of excessive caffeine consumption due to seeking caffeinated products with well-known wakefulness effects and cognitive benefits. This study aimed to highlight the characteristics of caffeine consumption among Croatian university students. Methods This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted from May 2020 to April 2021 period. A validated, anonymous questionnaire that contained questions regarding demographic data, data about caffeine consumption habits, and its sources was self-administered via an online link to a cross-faculty representative student sample of the University of Osijek in Eastern Croatia. Results The study sample included 1197 subjects with, median age of 22 years (interquartile range 21-24), 24.1% males, and 75.9% females. The median caffeine intake was 512.0 mg/day (interquartile range 228.0-972.0). The higher caffeine intake was observed in part-time students (p = 0.026), students who were preparing for exams during the participation in this study (p = 0.010), and students who smoked cigarettes (p &amp;lt; 0.001). There was a poor positive correlation between the amount of caffeine intake and academic success connected with caffeine consumption (rs = 0.225; p &amp;lt; 0.001). There were fair positive correlations between the amount of caffeine intake and caffeine consumption because of the avoidance of the withdrawal symptoms (rs = 0.490; p &amp;lt; 0.001) and between the amount of caffeine intake and knowledge of the impact of caffeine consumption on the occurrence of social conflicts (rs = 0.349; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions The study revealed high caffeine intake among Croatian university students. The implementation of specific preventive measures directed toward the protection of students’ health from adverse health effects related to caffeine is needed. Key messages • Croatian university students have displayed high caffeine intake in their everyday life. • There is a need for the implementation of specific preventive measures directed toward the protection of students’ health from adverse health effects related to caffeine consumption.

Chronic venous disease, platelet and haemostatic abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of pigmented purpuric dermatoses.

To investigate the aetiology of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD). 63 patients with a provisional diagnosis of PPD were assessed. Skin biopsies were performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Haemostasis was assessed using platelet function analyser-100 (PFA-100), light transmission aggregometry (LTA), impedance aggregometry (Multiplate) and measurement of clotting times and clotting factors. Chronic venous disease (CVD) was assessed by duplex ultrasound. When not contraindicated, patients were advised to discontinue haemostatic-modifying drugs or supplements for 4weeks after which the laboratory measurements were repeated and the clinical resolution of PPD was assessed. Subsequently, a cohort of patients identified with CVD underwent endovenous interventions and further resolution of PPD was assessed. CVD was found in 48 patients (76.2%) while haemostatic abnormalities were found in 36 (57.1%). 30 patients (47.6%) had concurrent CVD and haemostatic abnormalities. Modifiable risk factors such as the intake of platelet inhibitors or other drugs and supplements such as fish oil were identified in 53 patients (84.1%). These could be ceased in 35 patients of whom 28 (80.0%) achieved either complete or partial resolution of PPD. Treatment of the underlying CVD was performed in 18 patients resulting in complete or partial resolution in 17 (94.4%). In seven patients (11.1%), no CVD or haemostatic abnormalities were identified, and the risk factors included dietary factors such as excessive caffeine or soft drink consumption. Haemostatic abnormalities and CVD contribute to the pathogenesis of PPD. Resolution of PPD in the vast majority of patients may be achieved by cessation of modifiable risk factors and in particular platelet-modifying drugs or supplements and treatment of the underlying venous disease.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Caffeinated Products Consumption among General Population

Caffeinated product consumption is the world most widely consumed psychoactive drug. The consumption of caffeinated product is highly prevalent among Asian countries. This study aimed to assess knowledge attitude and practice towards caffeinated product consumption. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted through online Questionnaire through the social media platform. We assessed demographic characteristics and intake of caffeine from different products like tea, coffee, energy drinks and soft drinks. Both genders were included in the study and above 18 years old, repeated and incomplete data submission were excluded from the study. A total of 273 participants replied to the survey. Out of 273 participants; 148(54.22%) were female, 125(45.78%) were male, among them 241(88.30%) participants were under the age group of 18-28 years. Multiple choice procedure was carried out to assess the different products, most preferred products are 156(59.77%) consuming coffee, 146(55.93%) consuming tea, 106(40.99%) consuming chocolate, 47(18.00%) consuming carbonated drink, 26(9.96%) consuming energy drinks and 7(2.68%) consuming caffeine from other products. The major reason for intake of caffeinated products for refreshment was 163(62.45%) and most of the participants intake while studying 115(44.06%). The Most common symptom occurred due to excessive consumption of caffeine is vomiting 30(11.49%), the study participants faced difficulties faced missing a regular intake of caffeine is headache 71(27.20%). Out of 273 participants,the majority of the participants has lack knowledge and a positive attitude towards caffeine consumption. The Majority of the study participants believe the merits of caffeinated product consumption outweigh its demerits. It was found that side effect due to the usage of caffeinated products raising exceedingly it is essential to educate the consumption product in a recommended limit in their daily life style. This study result will give an idea for upcoming research on the consumption of caffeinated products.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality in medical students

Background: Medical students are already under extreme academic pressure which causes disruption in their sleep patterns. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, though they have been relieved of their hectic schedules this has also led to complete lack of hands-on training and bedside clinical teaching which might have given rise to increased anxiety in this population. Aims: To assess the sleeping pattern and determinants of poor sleep quality among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 17, 2020, to September 17, 2020, via an online questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographic parameters, lifestyle factors, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, COVID-19-related stress and academic delay-related stress. Statistical Analysis: Analysis was done with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.0. Results: About 52.47% had a poor sleep quality; 92.4% had a high level of academic uncertainty-related stress and 64.7% experienced a high level of COVID-19-related stress. Significant association was found between Poor Sleep Quality (PSQI score) and urban residence, nuclear family, smoking, excessive caffeine consumption, and high levels of COVID-19 stress. Conclusion: Although poor sleepers had decreased in number from before the COVID-19 pandemic, they were still much higher than the general population. This might be due to high levels of academic delay-related stress present virtually in the entire population. This can be circumvented by proper counseling of the students and sensitive planning of the academic activities once the pandemic will over.

Caffeinated beverage consumption among adolescents in Sagamu, Nigeria: implications for health promotion.

Introductionthe mental and physical stimulating effects of caffeine have led to an increase in consumption of caffeinated beverages. Adolescents are at an increased risk of excessive caffeine consumption and its associated adverse health consequences. This study therefore assessed the pattern of caffeinated drink consumption among in-school adolescents in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.Methodsa descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 adolescents in Sagamu Township, selected via multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20.0. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated with level of significance (p) set at <0.05.Resultsrespondents' mean age was 14.49 ± 1.37 years; 60.2% of respondents were male. Over 90% of respondents consumed caffeinated beverages; 19.2% consumed greater than 3 cans in a day; 67.8% always felt a strong urge to consume caffeinated drinks. Reasons for consumption include: to aid personal study (64.4%), thirst (47.1%), performance enhancement (34.1%), alertness (30.6%) and hunger (17.7%). Reported side effects include: nervousness (40.4%); mood swings (16.5%); palpitations (30.1%); insomnia (51.6%).Conclusionconsumption of caffeinated beverages was high among adolescents in Sagamu. Adequate caffeine control measures, with behavior change communication, will help to address this public health challenge among adolescents.

UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of caffeine and illicit psychoactive drugs in hair using a single-step high-speed grinding extraction – Insights into a cut-off value for caffeine abuse

Caffeine is a commonly consumed psychoactive substance whose addictive potential has long been reported. Excessive caffeine intake may lead to severe health damage or drug addiction problems; however, studies on the surveillance of caffeine abuse by the Chinese population are lacking. This study aimed to propose a concentration value for caffeine based on hair analysis to distinguish excessive intake from normal consumption, and provide an analytical tool for forensic toxicology investigations of caffeine and other frequently abused drugs. A sensitive and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to detect caffeine and 13 illicit drugs and their metabolites in hair. Thereafter, this method was employed to test 479 real samples. Briefly, the hair samples were washed with water and acetone, and subsequently extracted by one-step high-speed grinding with acetonitrile-buffer solution. The lower limit of quantifications of 0.05 ng/mg for caffeine and THC, and 0.005 ng/mg for others, were achieved for all substances. The results revealed a mean caffeine concentration of 0.78 (range 0.008–3.5 ng/mg) based on 24 healthy volunteers, 55.0 (range 3.07–292.2 ng/mg) based on 52 self-reported caffeine abuse participants, and 5.78 (range 0–140.34 ng/mg) based on 403 drug addicts. The mean caffeine concentration in hair from self-reported caffeine abusers was 70-fold higher than that in hair from healthy volunteers. A tentative cut-off level of 5.5 ng/mg as an indicator of excessive caffeine consumption was developed based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. Additionally, the assessment of 403 hair samples from drug addicts indicated that illicit drug abusers had potential for caffeine abuse, especially polydrug users. This hair analysis method serves as a useful tool for the large-scale surveillance of caffeine and illicit drug abuse.

Tachycardia and Anxiety in a 14-year-old Boy

Tachycardia and Anxiety in a 14-year-old Boy

Determining the Efficiency and Yield of Caffeine Extraction for Robusta and Arabica Coffee Beans

The objective of this review is to determine the difference in caffeine content in the coffee beans from different brands that are available in Costco. Two different popular coffee bean brands were bought and tested to determine which brand would have the highest caffeine content and their relative popularity among consumers. The extraction DMC method was conducted by using chemicals such as calcium carbonate, water, and DMC. The same amount of coffee beans were boiled with water until highly concentrated solutions were formed. Extraction funnel was utilized to wash out caffeine. Then, the recrystallization and vacuum filtration was utilized to obtain caffeine in solid form. The identity of the product along with the purity of the product was determined using melting temp, IR-spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrum, and TLC plating. The mass of caffeine produced from individual coffee brands were measured and compared. It was hypothesized that robusta coffee beans would yield more caffeine than arabica coffee beans. The expected results verify those claims as the data demonstrates that the amount of caffeine extracted from 10 grams of robusta coffee would be around .8021 grams, while the amount of caffeine extracted from 10 grams of arabica coffee would be around .4321 grams. The IR graph, UV-vis graph, and TLC plate were conducted to verify the identity of the product. The predicted IR graph, UV-vis graph, and TLC plate closely matched with the literature values, which indicates that the product produced is pure caffeine. One source of error that could skew the data could be the presence of impurities from the coffee beans that react in solution while we are trying to extract the caffeine. The broader impact of this review is that by understanding the caffeine content in different products, the medical and scientific field can further determine the difference in health effects between excess and optimal caffeine consumption to the human body. Additionally, scientists can research various medical usages of caffeine to help different patients with sleep disorders.