Excessive Amounts Of Food Research Articles

Evaluation of nutrition of young children in Odesa district

Background. The main factor that ensures the health and harmonious development of a child, both in the early stages and in the later periods of his life, is rational nutrition. The widespread prevalence of food-dependent forms of pathology among children, insufficient awareness of doctors and parents, as well as violations in the organization of nutrition of young children determine the relevance of this work and the need for a comprehensive analysis of the actual nutrition of children aged 1 to 2 years for its improvement. Purpose – to purpose of the work is to establish the nutritional characteristics of children aged from 1 to 2 years in order to optimize their diets. Materials and Methods. 42 healthy children aged 1 to 2 years who lived in Odesa district took part in the study. In work were used such methods: clinical and anamnestic; dietary; anthropometric – height, weight; sociological – questionnaires; statistical. Results. The patterns of food organization and consumption of the main macronutrients by children aged 1 to 2 years are formulated, which are characterized by adequate consumption of basic food products, with the exception of excessive consumption of cheese, fruit juices and hard cheese and insufficient use of enriched industrial products. It is shown that excessive amounts of food, inadequate nutrition in the form of multiple snacks and sometimes night feedings, as well as unreasonable use of products not intended for children aged 1 to 2 years, are significant violations of the organization of nutrition of children of this age group. It was established that the diets of children aged 1 to 2 years are unbalanced in terms of the content of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Identified violations of the nutrition structure of young children, its imbalance in terms of macronutrient composition dictate the need for regular control by pediatricians and family doctors over the organization of nutrition for children of this age period. Conclusions. The nutrition structure of children aged 1 to 2 years is characterized by an imbalance of rations in terms of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which is due to violations of the feeding regime, overeating, and early transition to the «family» food-table. Young children consume excessive amounts of protein and fat compared to recommended physiological norms and insufficient amounts of carbohydrates according to their age.

Automatic Feeder for Laying Hens Based on Noise Amplitude

Food is an essential aspect of the laying hens' cultivation process. The delay of the feeding time and the short amount of food can cause stress to the hens. Furthermore, an excessive amount of food can cause overweight and reduce hens' productivity. This paper provides a method to automate the feeder for laying hens using a device based on microcontroller technology. A tool that can detect chicken behavior when hungry and the temperature of the cage can provide an excellent feeding management system for the breeder. The automatic feeder can see chicken behavior, also the environmental condition around the cage. A specific noise amplitude caused by the hungry hens can trigger the feeder. This feeder also design aims to provide the food in the right amount at the right time. Thus, the breeder can minimize the stress of laying hens, reduce food waste, and keep the hens ideal. Here the system can save the chickens food around 13.76% more efficient.

La Medicina del Estilo de Vida: un campo de la medicina con profundas raíces y gran potencial para el futuro

Lifestyle Medicine - even though the term only recently started being broadly used – has its roots in ancient Greece, thousands of years ago. Hippocrates (460 – 370 B.C.) was the first one to use the term of Lifestyle Medicine, suggesting that in order for someone to have a good health, they should just “avoid eating excessive amounts of food and try to exercise even a bit”. So, he set the ground for what we call today, Lifestyle Medicine.

Covid-19 Mental Health Impacts. Challenges for Psychiatrists

"COVID19 a new appeared virus determined a major impact worldwide on economic and social aspects and also on the mental state level. All countries are confronting with different behaviors of coping mechanism in particular buying excessive amounts of food, being more suspicious even with the family members, explained by an exacerbated surviving instinct, making stocks of unnecessary disinfectant sanitary products, even a chase for protective masks in some cases. Some of these aspects can be considered the effect of a mass psychosis, people being misinformed by television news, such as the concept of fake news having the intention of manipulation; others misinterpret the clear message, with severe consequences over the state of calm. During this crisis, all psychiatrists are facing new challenges such as sustaining the well-being of healthcare personnel, looking over the need of patient’s mental well-being, taking care of the psychological impact of quarantine, self-isolation and social stigma associated with COVID 19. An important aspect in Romania is represented by different cultural beliefs that are not usually present in other cultures but are characteristic in our population and can influence the outcome of the virus evolution. Protection from God, believing that spirituality and religiosity can become a fence in the confrontation with the virus, and these convictions could become a real impediment in understating and respecting the protocols and the rules of prevention. The ethical issue for psychiatrists is how to take into account patients’ beliefs in time of restrictive measures imposed by COVID19 pandemic? All in all, the COVID19 pandemic spread represents a real challenge for all employees in the medical system, but especially to psychiatrists, who should deal with patients whose capacity to understand the real/whole picture is deteriorated. "

ОСНОВНЫЕ ВЫСМЕИВАЕМЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ АНТИЦЕННОСТНОГО КОНЦЕПТА ‘GLUTTONY’ (на материале англоязычных стендап-комедий и ситуационных комедий)

The article describes the anti-value concept of gluttony in the humorous discourse of English-language stand-up and situation comedies. The main humorous characteristics of this concept are identified and analyzed. An axiological approach is used for constructing a humorous conceptual framework, because humor is one of the most important tools for forming values and anti-values of a certain culture. The ridiculed characteristics of gluttony are divided into the following two groups: those of process and result. The main characteristics of the process include improper eating of edible items and eating of inedible items. Improper eating of edible items is usually ridiculed through eating excessive amounts of food, eating food under inappropriate conditions, eating incompatible items. Eating of inedible items is mostly ridiculed through eating life-threatening objects, eating something unfit to eat, and eating excrements or other human waste products. The main ridiculed characteristics of the result include gaining excess weight, addiction to a certain food, illness/death of a person. This work also performs a detailed analysis of the anti-value concept of gluttony for the first time. The main linguistic means of representing the anti-value concept of gluttony in stand-up comedies and sitcoms are revealed. This article makes a significant contribution to constructing an axiological humorous framework of the concept, because gluttony is one of the basic anti-values in humorous discourse.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED):Nutritional Prevention and Treatment

The Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the food disorder with higher prevalence in the world’s population when compared with the classical entities Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa. In this disorder, the person eats an excessive amount of food, losing control over what and how much is eaten, followed by feelings of guilt, shame, and/or disgust, with no use of compensatory methods. As the prognosis of BED is often found in peopleseeking treatment for weight loss, it is important that nutritionists know how to identify and conduct the correct procedures when dealing with this disorder. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the role of nutrition in procedures on the prevention and on the treatmentof BED. Prevention of BED is possible by early identification of behaviors, especially food behaviors, prior to the development of this disorder. The use of screening questionnaires, body image and the research on family history are important ways to identify risk factors for BED. The awareness about diets and encouraging a healthy diet with regular schedules individualized or in groups can help in preventing BED. Binge Eating treatment should be performed by a multidisciplinary team and Nutrition’s professional are responsible for adapting the eating patterns of patients. The use of food diary and guidelines on healthy eating aimed at weight loss or not, showed positive results and should be adopted by nutritionists for the treatment of Binge Eating Disorder.

Risks of metabolic syndrome in students of the faculty of health sciences.

Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in the adult population worldwide. Education may play an important role in preventing metabolic syndrome in young adults, especially those who are attending university. Such adults are at a critical point in their lives and make their own lifestyle choices that can affect their future health. The aims of this study were to determine the metabolic syndrome risk levels of students from the Faculty of Health Sciences. Survey design study. In a questionnaire developed by the researchers to collect data in accordance with the relevant literature, the scale of the risk of metabolic syndrome was assessed. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risks. Important risk factors for metabolic syndrome were found to be gender, weight gain, "stress eating" excessive amounts of food, sleeping for more than 8 hours a day, feeling tired after sleep, belonging to a divided family, and eating whilst working on the computer. The students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, particularly because they are trained in the health sector, are expected to have more information about the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, and take necessary precautions to prevent it.

Taxonomic and trophic structures of dominants in the zooperiphyton of waterbodies and watercourses of the upper Volga basin

All the main trophic groups of invertebrates are presented in the compositions of dominant assemblages of zooperiphyton in the studied waterbodies and watercourses. The strong pollution of water by suspended solids of anthropogenic origin in the water of the upper Volga reservoirs leads to the suppression of typically sessile filter-feeding invertebrates (sponges, bryozoans, and Dreissena) able to form the highest biomass of zooperiphyton using natural food items. The conditions of the disturbed structure of food resources are favorable for the development of detritivores-gatherers. In small rivers receiving industrial wastewaters, excessive amounts of food in the water column and in the form of sediments on the substrates suppresses invertebrates-biofowlers and facilitates the expansion of the benthic larvae of chironomids of g. Chironomus (combining the filtration and gathering of food particles on the substrates) to the vacant spatial niches. At the same time, the role of nematodes and oligochaetes with prevailing detritophages increases. In the acidified lakes of the Darwinsky National Reserve, the decrease in the total species diversity of zooperiphyton is accompanied by decreases in the role of filter-feeding invertebrates. The chironomid larvae and oligochaetes prevailed in the poor zoocenoses. The roles of predatory caddisfly larvae, black gnats, and nematodes increased. The labile structural characteristics of zooperiphyton with the conservation of the historically formed methods of foraging are the main modern way that biofouling communities adapt to changes in the quality and quantity of food resources upon modern anthropogenic pollution of the aquatic environment.

Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Food Industry

Abstract: Food spoilage and biofilm formation by food-related bacteria are significant problems in the food industry. Even with the application of modern-day food preservative techniques, excessive amounts of food are lost due to microbial spoilage. A number of studies have indicated that quorum sensing plays a major role in food spoilage, biofilm formation, and food-related pathogenesis. Understanding bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems can help in controlling the growth of undesirable food-related bacteria. This review focusses on the various signaling molecules produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the mechanism of their quorum-sensing systems, types of signaling molecules that have been detected in different food systems using biosensors, the role of signaling molecules in biofilm formation, and significance of biofilms in the food industry. As quorum-sensing signaling molecules are implicated in food spoilage, based on these molecules potential, quorum-sensing inhibitors/antagonists can be developed to be used as novel food preservatives for maintaining food integrity and enhancing food safety. Practical Application: Bacteria use signaling molecules for inter- and intracellular communication. This phenomenon of bacterial cell-to-cell communication is known as quorum sensing. Quorum-sensing signals are implicated in bacterial pathogenicity and food spoilage. Therefore, blocking the quorum-sensing signaling molecules in food-related bacteria may possibly prevent quorum-sensing-regulated phenotypes responsible for food spoilage. Quorum-sensing inhibitors/antagonists could be used as food preservatives to enhance the shelf life and also increase food safety.

Factors associated with weight gain during olanzapine treatment in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: Results from a six-month prospective, multinational, observational study

The aim of this 6-month observational study was to examine which clinical, eating- and lifestyle-related factors were associated with weight gain in patients initiating or switching to oral olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia or bipolar mania. A total of 622 outpatients in four countries (China, Mexico, Romania, Taiwan) were assessed at monthly intervals for up to 6 months. Mixed model repeated-measures analysis, adjusted for baseline weight, was used to identify which factors were associated with weight gain during olanzapine therapy. After 6 months of therapy, the LS mean weight change was +4.1 kg and 43.9% of the patients had significant (≥7%) weight gain. Early significant weight gain after 2 months of therapy occurred in 23.4% of the patients and these patients gained significantly more weight overall. Ten factors were associated with weight gain during 6 months of olanzapine therapy in an exploratory multivariate analysis: country, housing conditions, stronger appetite, excessive amount of food needed to feel full, eating until uncomfortably full, thoughts preoccupied with food, meal location, increased meal frequency, evening snack consumption, and a lower amount of vigorous exercise. These results indicate that the influence of environmental, eating- and lifestyle-related factors should be considered when assessing weight gain during olanzapine therapy.

Effect of Uji-Fly Parasitization on Food Consumption and Growth of the Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

Larva of fifth instar silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), parasitized by uji-fly, Exorista sorbillans (Weidemann) (Diptera: Tachinidae), consumed less food and egested less faecal matter than unparasitized one in the instar period. Uji-fly infested worm showed increased digestibility in the last 2 days while the unparasitized larva ingested excessive amounts of food than needed during these days. A reduction of 18.1% in the mean weight of parasitized worm at pupation was recorded. Further, parasitization resulted in 50.7% reduction in the mean cocoon weight and 51.12% reduction in the mean shell weight. Parasitized worms started spinning a day earlier than the healthy ones and the cocoon spun by the former was abnormal.

A test of the conservation model for autoshaped leverpressing and polydipsia in the rat

This study examined a conservation model (Allison & Mack, 1982) that predicts a linear relation between the weighted sum of two responses, autoshaped leverpressing and polydipsia, and the amount of food delivered on a variable-time schedule. Fifteen rats were assigned randomly to one of three groups. The rats in Group 1 were maintained at 80% of their free-feeding body weights. Those in Group 2 began at 100% but were allowed to lose weight during the experiment. The rats in Group 3 also began at 100% of their free-feeding weights and were maintained at this level. Each group was exposed to five conditions that delivered less food than that consumed during baseline and to one condition that delivered more food. The results did not support the conservation model. Contrary to the model, the decreasing linear relation between the individual responses, or the weighted sum of the responses, and the amount of food delivered was not found for all rats, and some rats responded more when an excessive amount of food was presented than during baseline.

Obesity induced by force-feeding and accompanying changes in body temperature and fertility in the male domestic fowl.

1. Excessive amounts of food (two-fold more than the ad libitum intake) introduced into the gastro-intestinal tract of three adult male fowls, for 5 weeks, caused a marked increase in body weight resulting mainly from fat deposition. 2. The induced obesity was accompanied by an increase of the rectal temperature (0-2 to 0-3 degrees C) and a decrease of the skin and comb temperatures, a cessation in the growth of the comb, a reduction in the blood packed cell volume, an eight-fold reduction in the number of spermatozoa in the vasa deferentia and a concomitant depression in their motility. 3. A decrease of the testosterone and an increase of luteinising hormone concentrations in the blood plasma was obtained in two of the three treated birds.

Force-feeding effects on growth, carcass and blood composition in the young chick.

1. Excessive amounts of food (70% greater thanad lib. intake) introduced into the gastrointestinal tract of young chicks were efficiently digested and caused increased growth resulting mainly from lean body substance and partially from fat deposition, more efficient energy utilization than thead lib.-fed controls, increased relative weights of the crop, proventriculus, intestine, liver and abdominal adipose tissue. Pancreas relative weight was not changed and that of the gizzard was reduced.2. The treatment also caused changes in blood plasma composition. Free fatty acid, trigly-ceride, α2-, β- and γ-globulin and pre-β-lipoprotein concentrations increased.3. Fasting for 30 h caused higher body fat losses and lower body protein losses in the force-fed chicks than in thead lib.-fed chicks.4. The effects of over-feeding on body and blood plasma composition and differences found in these measurements during starvation are discussed.

Growth characteristics of the mass-reared tintinnid Tintinnopsis beroidea

A vigorous strain of Tintinnopsis beroidea was established in vitro by mixing several isolates obtained during the period January to March, 1969. More than 1,000 cells/ml were routinely obtained within a few weeks. On one occasion 3,000 cells/ml were obtained in just over a month. The period required for ciliate populations to double was 2.5 to 6 days. Growth curve data has been obtained with cultures receiving single doses of food at the time the flasks were inoculated with protozoa. The initial concentration of food had a noticeable effect on ciliate growth. Excessive amounts of food were somewhat inhibitory; insufficient amounts resulted in rapid starvation. Conjugation patterns characteristic of wild populations of tintinnids were not observed. However, there was evidence of sexual activity in the cultures: (1) pairing of cells occurred; (2) protrusions were seen in the oral region indicative of preconjugation activity; (3) very high cell yields and rapid division rates were obtained after more than 1.5 years in culture.