Excess Production Capacity Research Articles

Impact of mixing grain sorghum with corn on ethanol and coproduct yields

AbstractExisting corn ethanol biorefineries produce about 94% of the ethanol capacity in the USA and currently have surplus production capacity. Expanding feedstocks for existing facilities rather than building new dedicated facilities could provide significant benefits and cost savings. Grain sorghum is a feedstock with a similar composition to corn, which could be utilized at significant incorporation levels in existing facilities with minimal or no modifications but it is currently only used minimally. To understand the impact of grain sorghum incorporation better we studied mixed corn and grain sorghum fermentation at the laboratory scale and utilized the data generated to develop technical models for the individual grains and for a 50/50 mixture at 119 million kg per year (40 million gal per year). Detailed processing and economic comparisons were developed to determine the overall impact. The results showed significant feedstock savings ($8 million per year) potential for utilization of sorghum relative to corn. Ethanol production cost was reduced by $0.07 per kg of ethanol using sorghum relative to corn. Other potential impacts on coproduct composition and values were also determined and discussed.

The quality admission and price decisions of production capacity on the third‐party platform for shared manufacturing

AbstractMany third‐party platforms for shared manufacturing (platforms) have developed rapidly in recent years. The quality admission and pricing of production capacity are crucial issues for these platforms. This paper focuses on the platform supply chain composed of a platform, multiple manufacturers with surplus production capacity (sharers), and multiple manufacturers with insufficient production capacity (renters). Considering the impact of the production capacity quality on the shared scale and rental demand of production capacity, this paper constructs a game model for the platform supply chain under different quality admission scenarios, investigates the quality admission and price decisions of production capacity on the platform, and analyses the impact of the quality admission on the sharers’ and renters’ profits. The results show that the platform sets the quality admission when the sharers’ production capacity scale is small and the platform regulatory cost is low. The platform always increases its service price but may reduce the rental price of production capacity under the quality admission scenario. When the sharers’ production capacity scale is large, the platform lowers the threshold of quality admission with the quality elasticity of production capacity increasing. In addition, when the quality elasticity of production capacity and platform regulatory cost are low, and the sharers’ production capacity scale is small, the quality admission of the platform realizes the win–win–win situation for the platform, renters, and sharers.

The impact of green credit guidelines on environmental performance: Firm-level evidence from China

The Green Credit Guidelines (GCG) regulates the environmental behaviour of firms with high pollution, high energy consumption, and surplus production capacity (known as “two high and one surplus”, THOS) through environmental and social risk assessment and credit management, thereby improving firms' environmental performance. Adopting the panel data of 461 Chinese A-share listed firms from 2008 to 2020 and the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model, this paper employs the promulgation of GCG in China as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the effect of GCG on THOS firms' environmental performance and its potential mechanisms. The main findings are reported as follows. Firstly, the promulgation of GCG significantly improves the THOS firms' environmental performance. Secondly, after dividing the firms' environmental performance into the environmental strengths and concerns, the policy effect is stronger on environmental strengths that focus on process control. Thirdly, the firms' environmental performance improvement effect of the GCG is mainly achieved by promoting green innovation and exacerbating financing constraints. Finally, the improvement effect of the GCG on firms' environmental performance is more pronounced in firms with weaker external monitoring, environmental information disclosure and lower capital dependence.

Impact of Anti-Dumping on Chinese Exports to Countries in ASEAN Plus 6

ABSTRACT Concerns about China’s excessive production capacity prompt a closer examination of Anti-dumping Duties (ADs) as a tool for managing trade imbalances. Within the ASEAN region, ASEAN plus 6 countries, especially India, are emerging as alternatives to China in global value chains. These countries import a broad range of products from China, including intermediate goods, making it vital to analyze the effects of ADs on these imports. Using the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method, which effectively handles zero trade flows, heteroskedasticity, and endogeneity, this study explores the use of ADs beyond traditional major economies like the US and EU, focusing on their adoption by less economically developed countries. The findings show that ADs significantly curtail Chinese exports, potentially hindering stronger cooperation within ASEAN plus 6 and slowing regional trade dynamics. This research serves as a critical benchmark for assessing China’s strategic role in global economic leadership, viewed with reservations by several countries, including the US. It emphasizes the need to further explore China’s interaction with ASEAN plus 6 partner countries, particularly concerning trade remedy such as ADs and their impact on regional integration.

La contribution des fournisseurs à la résilience de la chaîne logistique d'équipements de protection individuelle

AbstractThe disruptions experienced by the healthcare supply chain of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the importance of initiatives aimed at strengthening the resilience of this chain. This research takes the point of view of suppliers who were involved in the first months of the pandemic to fully understand their reading of events and thus be able to identify resilience initiatives to face future crises. The case under study is that of the PPE supply chain of the public healthcare and social services sector in the province of Quebec. Interviews with 23 suppliers were the main source of data, which was analyzed through the lens of social capital theory. This case study demonstrates that traditional resiliency initiatives such as safety stock or excess production capacity at suppliers would be better calibrated if buyers conducted a supplier market watch to anticipate major turbulence that could impact the supply chain.

Optimization of Inventory and Capacity in Large-Scale Assembly Systems Using Extreme-Value Theory

High-tech systems are typically produced in two stages: (1) production of components using specialized equipment and staff and (2) system assembly/integration. Component production capacity is subject to fluctuations, causing a high risk of shortages of at least one component, which results in costly delays. Companies hedge this risk by strategic investments in excess production capacity and in buffer inventories of components. To optimize these, it is crucial to characterize the relation between component shortage risk and capacity and inventory investments. We suppose that component production capacity and produce demand are normally distributed over finite time intervals, and we accordingly model the production system as a symmetric fork-join queueing network with N statistically identical queues with a common arrival process and independent service processes. Assuming a symmetric cost structure, we subsequently apply extreme value theory to gain analytic insights into this optimization problem. We derive several new results for this queueing network, notably that the scaled maximum of N steady-state queue lengths converges in distribution to a Gaussian random variable. These results translate into asymptotically optimal methods to dimension the system. Tests on a range of problems reveal that these methods typically work well for systems of moderate size. Funding: This work is part of the research program Complexity in High-Tech Manufacturing, (partly) financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) [Grant 438.16.121]. The research is also supported by the NWO programs MEERVOUD to M. Vlasiou [Grant 632.003.002] and Talent VICI to B. Zwart [Grant 639.033.413].

Vocational Core Competence in Higher Vocational Education

From the perspective of talent training objectives, material engineering technology major cultivates highly skilled talents with comprehensive production process knowledge and management knowledge of material engineering technology and strong practical ability, who are oriented to the first line needs of production, construction, management and service. Refractory industry at present, the whole foundation is relatively weak, refractory resource utilization level is low, the quality of the refractory grade is not high, excess production capacity, the ordinary products some high quality high technology content of key products can production, but the quality is not stable, service life and refractory consumption compared with foreign advanced level, there is a considerable gap. the fundamental reason is the lack of high-level talents. To better meet the iron and steel, machinery, chemical industry, power and other industries to the needs of the refractory material, must be to the professional production and technical management personnel's quality and ability are put forward new requirement, not only can be competent the job requirements of the current position, and should have the ability of learning new technology, to adapt to the new job, it is particularly important in today's high-tech.

Efficient resource utilization of the electricity distribution sector using nonparametric data envelopment analysis and influential factors

This study aims to investigate the efficient resource utilization of the electricity distribution sector in Pakistan and identifies the influential factors affecting it. In Pakistan, there is excess production capacity and under-utilized power plants, which pose a challenge to the economy due to their burden on the exchequer account and the high power costs. The present study employs the most recent 11 distribution firms panel data from Pakistan for the period 2016–2020 to evaluate the performance ranking of distribution utilities. The study employs standard frontiers, composite indexes, and a novel DEA-windows analysis to measure the efficiency of the distribution utilities. The results of the analysis show that electricity sales, consumer density, and industrial consumers have a positive impact, while distribution losses have a negative association with the efficiency of the distribution utilities. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders in improving the resource utilization and overall performance of the electricity distribution sector. The study highlights the implications of the results in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are one of the main contributors to global warming. In conclusion, this study provides an essential contribution to the literature on efficient resource utilization in the electricity distribution sector in Pakistan.

Food security during nuclear winter: a preliminary agricultural sector analysis for Aotearoa New Zealand.

We aimed to estimate the current dietary energy content of food exports for Aotearoa New Zealand and food security during "nuclear winter" scenarios following a nuclear war. From published sources we estimated dietary energy available from the major domains of food exports, with adjustments for wastage. The impacts on food production in New Zealand during three nuclear winter scenarios were based on those published in Nature Food in 2022 and from an earlier New Zealand Planning Council study. Current major food exports are equivalent to 3.9 times current dietary energy intakes for all New Zealand citizens i.e., 34,100 kJ (8150 kcal) per person per day. Exported dairy products were estimated to be able to provide 338% of this energy intake, followed by exports of meat (34%), fruit (8.6%), alcohol (4.8%), marine products (4.6%) and vegetables (2.7%). During the various nuclear winter scenarios considered (minimal to severe), food production available from diverted exported foods was estimated to still be 3.6 to 1.5 times current daily energy intakes. Nevertheless, the agriculture sector could be at risk of various levels of collapse from lack of imports (e.g., diesel, fertiliser, pesticides, seeds, and machinery parts) and from socio-economic collapse, including if the financial system collapsed. This analysis suggests that this country could theoretically have excess food production capacity, even after a severe nuclear winter scenario. But this benefit could be very short-term if the agricultural system was not made more resilient to potential lack of international trade and socio-economic collapse in a post-catastrophe setting.

Two-step approach for quasi-optimization of energy storage and transportation at renewable energy site

In this paper, the authors present a two-step model to obtain quasi-optimal solutions for the storage and transportation of renewable energy as its installation becomes more widespread in remote areas. The model is formulated as a total cost minimization linear programming problem and considers both renewable energy facilities and the energy supply and demand of the entire country. The first step of the model optimizes the entire country, while the second step determines the marginal capacity of energy storage and transportation facilities when the excess production capacity of remote renewable energy is added. This approximation for reducing computational complexity is shown to be sufficiently accurate under realistic conditions. The authors apply the model to analyze energy storage and hydrogen production at renewable energy power plants in Japan in 2050. The study shows that photovoltaic power generation uses storage batteries attached to the power plant for electricity transmission. In contrast, wind power generation transmits most electricity directly without storage batteries and converts some into hydrogen for consumers. The proposed lightweight model allows for numeral sensitivity analyses, which provide valuable insight into optimizing energy storage and transport of renewable energy.

Endogenous constraints on full productive capacity in a free-market economy

The full employment interest rate implicit in classical economic theory is 4½%, deduced by including the rate of normal profit in a simple macroeconomic model. By not fixing the interest rate at this optimum, Central Banks endogenously maintain excess productive capacity, cause unemployment, and encourage the exploitation of Labour by Capital.

Kebijakan Ekonomi Luar Negeri China dari Masa ke Masa dan Ambisi Internasionalisasi BUMN China di Tangan Xi Jinping

Contemporary China's economic growth has shown a prestigious, spectacular, and increasingly strategic position. This is due to the success of the Beijing’s administration in launching reforms program and open-door policy of the foreign economy in 1978. Based on this research, China's global initiation actually started with the vision and legacy of Deng Xiaoping's leadership, namely the policy of good neighbor relations which was in turn transformed by Xi Jinping through an assertive and ambitious style. This can be seen from the emergence of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This research shows that there are three factors underlying Xi Jinping's choice to formulate BRI as the foreign economic policy agenda. First, BRI is a reform in aligning cooperation and economic integration. Second, the emergence of BRI here is Xi Jinping's rationalization to avoid the risk of excess production capacity after the 2008 global financial crisis, so that BRI is used as a medium for relocating the excess capacity. Third, the emergence of BRI as a foreign economy policy is actually a continuation of the SOEs reform itself. That is, China's SOEs internationalization program must get a special arena through the full intervention of Xi Jinping.

Closing the global vaccine equity gap: equitably distributed manufacturing

Closing the global vaccine equity gap: equitably distributed manufacturing

Research on the Impact of OFDI on China's Industrial Structure Upgrading

China's economy is currently in a critical "transition period", the conversion of the source of economic growth, economic restructuring is the key to ensure that China's economy continues to develop well and steadily. Among them, the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure will be the top priority of future economic development. This project is carried out in the context of China's active promotion of the "Belt and Road" construction and deepening supply-side reform, and it is important to explore the impact of OFDI on domestic industrial structure, which is important for China to resolve excess production capacity, accelerate technology accumulation and finally realize the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. In this paper, the specific impact of OFDI on China's domestic industrial structure upgrading and the magnitude of the effect of OFDI to countries along the "Belt and Road" is the main line of research, and the path and mechanism of OFDI to countries along the "Belt and Road" are discussed. The main line of research is to explore the path and mechanism of OFDI's influence on China's domestic industrial structure upgrading in countries along the "Belt and Road".

The effect of social capital on innovation through the mediation of ambidexterity and knowledge sharing in cement industry

<em>Indonesia's economy is in a precarious state, made worse by the presence of the corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. As a result, it is critical for businesses to be able to adapt to changes in an uncertain business environment. One option for the business to endure is through innovation. Previous study has established that social capital, the ability of the work team to be ambidextrous and knowledge sharing play a critical role in the creation of innovation inside the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social capital on innovation through the mediation of ambidexterity and knowledge sharing in work teams at PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk, one of the largest private cement companies in Indonesia. The company operates in an unstable environment due to the global crisis, politics, price competition, and excess cement production capacity in Indonesia since 2016. This research is quantitative research with purposive sampling method using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) method to test the hypothesis. The study's findings demonstrate that social capital can influence the generation of innovation when it is mediated through ambidexterity and knowledge sharing. This research is expected to assist enterprises in the Indonesian cement sector in surviving by fostering innovation within each work team.</em>

Development Strategy of a Car Manufacturing Company in the Russian Car Market at the example of Sollers PJSC

The article analyses the dynamics of development of the Russian market of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, investigates the strategy and competitive advantages of Sollers group of companies, which is successfully operating despite volatility of development of the Russian car market, as well as the need for a radical renewal of the model range of the company’s cars, the presence of excess production capacity and the departure from Russia of three foreign partners of Sollers group of companies in joint ventures: Fiat, SsangYong and Ford. Particular attention in the article is paid to Ford, a joint venture partner with Sollers PJSC, which left the Russian domestic market in 2019. This event, which had a negative impact on partners and clients of the company, was caused by severalcircumstances. Besides, the article identifies the main directions of development of joint ventures Mazda Sollers and Ford Sollers (in terms of Ford Transit minibus, the only locally manufactured Ford model) and the possibility of expanding their export potential, including due to export of engines, spare parts and components.The article pays close attention to introduction of new technologies in Sollers PJSC and other companies, development of digitalisation in development and production of new models, creation of its own telematics platform that allows to connect a car to the Internet and control it remotely, including starting the engine.The author examines in detail a new consumption model in the car market associated with refusal of buyers to own a car and with emerging choice of new services regarding subscription and exchange of cars, their development in foreign and domestic markets, as well as offers the analysis of successes and failures of foreign automakers in providing subscription services.The main purpose of the article is to study the strategy of Sollers PJSC in the domestic and foreign markets, auxiliary purposes refer to the analysis of the domestic market, change in the consumption model and provision of new services, study of reasons for departure of foreign partners of the company.

Enhancement of coke gasification by lignite and a low-cost Fe/red mud catalyst to produce syngas

Gasification is an effective approach to consume the excess production capacity of coke. The effects of lignite and Fe/red mud oxides on the steam gasification of coke were investigated in this study. Results show that the addition of lignite as an active substance exhibited a significant positive effect on the improvement of coke reactivity, and the volume content of syngas including H2, CO and CH4 reached to the values ranging from 82.24% to 89.46%. With the employment of lignite addition, free active OH radicals were formed, accompanying by an increase in surface area values and a decrease in carbon ordering degree of the coke, which are all benefit for improving the reactivity of coke with steam. The introduction of Fe4RM6 oxides further promoted the carbon conversion with a value of 99.61% of coke/lignite mixtures, which is significantly higher than that of 65.46% of pure coke gasification at a time of 150 min. The Fe4RM6 oxides presented a good performance after five gasification cycles.

Research on Optimal Cut Coal Production Overcapacity Output in Coal-Rich Province of China

Recently, global economy is undergoing a structural change. The current world economic structure is mainly characterized by low growth rates in the economy, investment and trade, as well as low coal prices, interest rates and inflation. Overcapacity is a problem in many traditional industries. With the deterioration of overcapacity in coal-rich province of China, how to reduce coal production overcapacity is becoming an urgent problem to be solved. China’s coal market is still under the pressure of excess production capacity, the structural overcapacity has not been completely resolved. The coal industry is highly market-oriented, so the market mechanism plays an important role in the market downturn performance. Based on the Cournot competition model, this paper obtains the optimal cut coal production overcapacity output of coal production enterprises, the scenario of each firm enters the market in normal coal production capacity is analysed, in excess coal production capacity scenario without or with cut coal production overcapacity output. The analysis as show that: optimal cut coal production overcapacity output is the optimal choice for coal production enterprises in coal-rich province of China.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО БІЗНЕСУ З ТНК

At the beginning of the XXI century it can be argued that the formation of Ukrainian corporations can become one of the strategic priorities of public policy, which, provided the appropriate external environment, will increase the competitiveness of the economy and through the exclusive capabilities of national corporations development of Ukrainian economic structures, internationalization of their production and capital, integration of Ukraine into the world economy, its participation in global transformation processes. Promoting the generation of knowledge resources in Ukraine is determined mainly by increasing the competitiveness of both individual regions and the state as a whole. At the same time, the region’s ability to produce knowledge, in particular scientific knowledge, implement it and use it effectively to achieve effective socio-economic development are now becoming the main factors ensuring positive dynamics of economic development of regions along with traditional sources – investment and human labor. And Ukraine is no exception, as in terms of analysis of the preconditions for the formation of the knowledge economy in Ukraine, it can be argued that the modern domestic economy is in a new qualitative state, which is associated with changing economic conditions due to introduction of new, high technology in production, expansion of information space, mobility of capital, increasing the role of creativity, creative work, increasing the role of theoretical knowledge. As a result, one of the primary challenges facing the companies of the independent sovereign state of Ukraine at the beginning of the transition period was to restore the supply chain and find new markets in order to use excess production capacity. The emergence and nature of the activities of corporations in the Ukrainian market are influenced primarily by the volume of the domestic market; adequate structure of “free” labor (the region has significant resources of both qualified personnel and cheap labor needed to organize mass production; traditionally close economic ties between the countries).

Research on the Relationship between Pollutant Discharge Sources and Economic Development——Take the Provinces of the Country as Examples

Under the background that the issue of environmental protection has become the focus of attention of all countries, China has also put forward a series of policies for the construction of green ecology. In order to facilitate the national or central government’s macro analysis and propose macro adjustment strategies, this paper uses a multiple linear regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between industrial pollutant emissions, agricultural pollutant emissions, domestic pollutant emissions and a province’s economic development relationship. The results show that: First, industrial pollution emissions account for a large proportion of the emissions from all sources in each province, and at the same time it has a significant positive impact on the economic development of each province; Second, agricultural pollution emissions are relative to industrial pollutants In terms of emissions and domestic pollution emissions, they account for a relatively small proportion of the emissions from various sources in each province, and their positive impact on the economic development of the provinces is less than that of industrial pollutants and domestic pollution emissions; Third, Domestic pollution emissions account for the largest proportion of emissions from all sources in each province, and at the same time it has the largest positive impact on the economic development of each province. Based on the above results, this article puts forward the following recommendations: Relevant departments should resolutely eliminate outdated production capacity, resolve excess production capacity, completely close small scattered and polluting enterprises, optimize the layout of the agricultural industry, and provide institutional and financial support for agricultural equipment and related technologies. Finally, by popularizing the knowledge of energy conservation and environmental protection to the residents to cultivate their awareness of environmental protection, promote the reuse of resources, and achieve the goal of a balance between a beautiful ecological environment and a high level of economic development.