Excessive Land Research Articles

A mediation analysis of the relationship between land use regulation stringency and employment dynamics

ABSTRACT The paper examines the effects of stringent land use regulations, measured using the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulatory Index (WRLURI), on employment growth during the period 2010–2020 in the Retail, Professional, and Information sectors across 878 local jurisdictions in the United States. All the local jurisdictions exist in both (2006 and 2018) waves of the WRLURI surveys and hence constitute unique panel data. We apply a mediation analytical framework to decompose the direct and indirect effects of land use regulation stringency on sectoral employment growth and specialization. Our analysis suggests a fully mediated pattern in the relationship between excessive land use regulations and employment growth, with housing cost burden as the mediator. Specifically, a one standard deviation increase in the WRLURI index is associated with an approximate increase of 0.8 percentage point in the proportion of cost burdened renters. Relatedly, the higher prevalence of cost-burdened renters has moderate adverse effects on employment growth in two sectors. A 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of cost burdened renters is associated with 0.04 and 0.017 percentage point decreases in the Professional and Information sectors, respectively.

Impact of Typical Land Use Expansion Induced by Ecological Restoration and Protection Projects on Landscape Patterns

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes driven by ecological restoration and protection projects play a pivotal role in reshaping landscape patterns. However, the specific impacts of these projects on landscape structure remain understudied. In this research, we applied geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyze the spatial relationships between typical land use expansion and landscape pattern characteristics in the Lesser Khingan Mountains–Sanjiang Plain region between 2017 and 2022. Our results indicate three key findings: (1) Significant spatial heterogeneity exists in the relationship between landscape patterns and land use expansion, which varies across geographic locations; (2) Ecological restoration projects generally reduce fragmentation, dominance, and heterogeneity while enhancing connectivity, particularly in forest and farmland regions. However, excessive land use expansion in certain areas may reverse these positive effects; (3) Landscape complexity increases in high-altitude mountainous regions due to land use expansion but decreases in plains, particularly in forest-to-farmland conversions. These findings provide new insights into how landscape patterns respond to ecological restoration efforts and offer actionable guidance for improving future land use planning and policy decisions. Our study highlights the need to consider local geomorphological factors when designing ecological projects, ensuring that restoration efforts align with regional landscape dynamics to maintain landscape integrity.

A sacrifice for the greater good? On the main drivers of excessive land take and land use change in Hungary

Despite continuous population decline or stagnation, many Central and Eastern European cities experience urban sprawl and expansion, accompanied by excessive land take and land use change. This paper investigates recent trends in land take and land use change in Hungarian cities, aiming to identify the drivers of these processes. The study utilizes the Urban Atlas (UA) databases from 2006 and 2018 to analyze land use change in selected Hungarian cities, employing QGIS software to compile the database and MS Excel to conduct the statistical analysis. A linear trajectory model is employed to project land use change by 2026, based on 2006–2018 UA data. Additionally, via the in-depth analysis of Debrecen, the study highlights the recent acceleration of land use change to compare the projected trend with the forecasted one. Local climate strategies focus on addressing environmental concerns, including changes in land use at the city level. Therefore, this study reviews the relevant documents associated with each city to assess its commitment to reducing land take. The results indicate that despite its declining population, Hungary has seen a significant expansion in artificial surfaces, primarily due to industrialization and population policies introduced by the central government, which is likely to continue in the coming years. Unfortunately, local climate strategies have been insufficient in preventing cities from experiencing urban sprawl and expansion and preserving local ecosystem services. This underscores the inability of municipalities to defend local interests against central government directives. The findings of this study indicate that the current central policies are the main drivers of land take and urban sprawl and expansion. Prioritizing the compact city model and brownfield developments could effectively mitigate these issues. Finally, the paper advocates that complete jurisdiction over land use decisions be restored to local governments, enabling them to reject investments that may jeopardize local environmental goals.

Environmental Crisis in Public Administration Policy Perspective

The environmental crisis has developed into an international and national problem impacting every country, including Indonesia. Factors such as sea level rise, global warming, pollution, and unauthorized land use and reclamation influence this. Excessive land use for housing, agriculture, and other needs causes climate change and environmental degradation due to human activities such as deforestation. The agricultural production revolution policy also caused an ecological crisis. Incorporating the principles into public administration policies is expected to balance economic development, social justice, and environmental preservation. This is expected to have a good and sustainable effect on the environment in the long term. Managing human activities, reducing land degradation, and promoting sustainable development are necessary to overcome the environmental crisis.

Why do people purchase plant-based meat products from retail stores? Examining consumer preferences, motivations and drivers

Plant-based meats (PBMs) are being projected as novel and sustainable alternative protein sources amid rising ecological and health issues associated with traditional meat production and consumption. Notably, the plant-based meat retail market is at its nascence stage, and there remains a dire need to comprehend the meat-eater's perceived green values, attitudes, and intentions towards PBM for its commercial success. To discern the complex psychological mechanism of meat eaters' perceptions toward PBM, the current study aims to extend and integrate the theory of consumption values (TCV) and the theory of value-attitude-behavior (VAB) in the PBM context. Partial least square-based structural equation modelling was used to analyze cross-sectional data collected from a sample comprising 458 meat eaters approached through the mall intercept technique. Consumers' green perceived values (GPV) emerged as a vital background factor in influencing consumers' involvement and attitude towards PBMs. Also, consumers' involvement showed a significant partial mediating effect between their GPV and attitude towards PBM. Further, consumers' attitudes towards PBM displayed a relatively substantial positive impact on addition intention compared to replacement intention. This study provides retailers with a nuanced understanding of the value proposition of PBMs through the lens of green consumption values, which may facilitate the value-based positioning of PBM products. Further, it may help policymakers project PBMs as a novel alternative to traditional meat, which can potentially address consumers' ecological (e.g., carbon emissions, excessive land and water usage) and health concerns associated with conventional meat production and consumption.

Qualities and Quantities of Poultry Litter Biochar Characterization and Investigation

Excessive land application of poultry litter (PL) may lead to surface runoff of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which cause eutrophication, fish death, and water pollution that ultimately have negative effects on humans and animals. Increases in poultry production in the Delmarva Peninsula underscore the need for more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable disposal technologies for processing PL instead of direct land application. The pyrolysis conversion process can potentially produce nutrient-rich poultry litter biochar (PLB), while the pyrolysis process can change the N and P to a more stable component, thus reducing its runoff. Pyrolysis also kills off any microorganisms that would otherwise trigger negative environmental health effects. This study is to apply an integrated method and investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 500 °C), poultry litter source (different feedstock composition), and bedding material mixture (10% pine shavings) on PLB qualities and quantities. Proximate and ultimate analysis showed PL sources and bedding material addition influenced the physicochemical properties of feedstock. The SEM and BET surface results indicate that pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on changing the PLB morphology and structure, as well as the pH value (7.78 at 300 °C vs. 8.78 at 500 °C), extractable phosphorus (P) (18.73 ppm at 300 °C vs. 11.72 ppm at 500 °C), sulfur (S) (363 ppm at 300 °C vs. 344 ppm at 500 °C), and production yield of PLBs (47.65% at 300 °C vs. 60.62% at 500 °C). The results further suggest that adding a bedding material mixture (10% pine shavings) to PLs improved qualities by reducing the content of extractable P and S, as well as pH values of PLBs. This study also found the increment in both the pore volume and the area of Bethel Farm was higher than that of Sun Farm. Characterization and investigation of qualities and quantities of PLB using the integrated framework suggest that PL from Bethel Farm could produce better-quality PLB at a higher pyrolysis temperature and bedding material mixture to control N and P runoff problems.

Seyyed Hossein Nasr: Kritik Islam atas Sekularism Lingkungan

This article aims to understand Islam's critique of environmental secularism using the thoughts of Seyyed Hussein Nasr. This research is based on qualitative methods with library research. The purpose of using this type of research is to be able to more easily map the topic under study based on literature sources. The main argument in this article is that the presence of the secularism paradigm in the modern era not only creates a spiritual crisis, but also an ecological crisis. Islam with the teachings of moral wisdom contained in the Koran makes a value to minimize environmental damage. The results of the research show that the environmental crisis is an urgent problem for the whole world, including Indonesia. The presence of the modern era with its secular paradigm gave birth to an understanding of the environment that has no sacred value and is only an object of domination for humans. With this understanding there are various environmental crises such as deforestation, plastic waste, air pollution, excessive land use by investors and polluted water. So that it is necessary to build awareness of metaphysical understanding that humans and the environment (universe) are one unit.

Multi-Scenario Simulation and Eco-Environmental Effects Analysis of Land Use/Cover Change in China by an Integrated Cellular Automata and Markov Model

Land use transitions play a critical role in ecological environmental restoration, but they are also plagued by ecological environmental problems caused by excessive land resource development. In this study, we propose a methodological framework for unveiling the nexus profile of land use/cover change (LUCC) and eco-environmental effects. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of LUCC over a long time series based on high-precision land use data from 1990 to 2020. Then, the ecological values (EVs) of various cities were calculated to obtain the ecological contribution rate of different land use types in the process of change. Finally, the future development trends of land use and ecological environmental quality were predicted under multiple scenarios using the cellular automata–Markov model, and scientific policy recommendations were proposed. The results showed that the expansion trajectory of the construction land in the urban agglomeration mainly expanded inwards along the mouth of the Pearl River, and the conversion of cultivated land to construction land was the most significant type of land use change. The overall ecological environmental quality of the study area showed a downwards trend, with Shenzhen exhibiting the largest decrease in EVs. Cultivated land contributed significantly to improving regional ecological environmental quality, while the land use transition types with relatively large contributions to environmental quality deterioration were conversions to construction land. Under the scenario of coordinated protection, the degree of cultivated land area reduction was significantly reduced, and the area of forestland showed a positive growth trend, with the expansion trend of construction land being reversed. These research findings can enrich the theoretical research on the sustainable development of urban agglomerations and provide reliable data support for policy-making.

Patterns of Indigenous Land Tenure and Utilization: Comparison of Customary Law in Balinese and Acehnese People

Aim: This study examines and analyzes changes in patterns of tenure and utilization of customary land in line with changes and developments in society in the era of globalization and tourism industry both in Bali and in Aceh. There were lands that were originally customary lands. Customary. Some have changed their function while others are still functioning as customary lands. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of changes in patterns of tenure and utilization of customary lands in the Indigenous Peoples of Bali and Aceh. Before the change in orientation related to the use of customary land which still adheres to the communal and religious functions of customary land, but along with economic development and in the era of globalization, the tenure and utilization of customary land has undergone changes that lead to economic orientation. A controversial issue in land is the concept of economic function and social function of land which is the basis for excessive land use. One of the sources of the problem is the construction of tourism facilities, resulting in the economic value of the land being so high. Methods: This study uses mixed methods as legal research, namely between normative and empirical legal research by using field data and secondary data. Results: Found that in anticipating changes in the pattern of tenure and utilization of customary lands in the indigenous peoples of Bali and Aceh, the government and stakeholders need to design and implement various policy models that can maintain the sustainability of culture, environment, and the interests of the indigenous peoples of Bali and Aceh. A policy model that favors indigenous peoples in providing protection for customary lands in Bali and in Aceh. Community involvement and facilitating institutional development within indigenous peoples in decision-making in the ownership and use of customary land. Conclusion: Indigenous Peoples in the era of globalization have an important role in anticipating changes in the pattern of tenure and utilization of customary land in order to maintain cultural values, identity, and community welfare. For this reason, steps need to be taken, including strengthening indigenous peoples through education and self-awareness, strengthening identity and culture, active involvement of indigenous peoples in decision making and the establishment of customary institutions in representing indigenous peoples related to their interests.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN BATIK JUMPUTAN DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK MELALUI MEDIA DIGITAL DESA GONILAN KECAMATAN KARTASURA

Gonilan Village, Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency was geographically located in the northernmost part of Sukoharjo Regency. This location was not far from Surakarta city, made it a busy area among other areas. The social differences that occur in there made the community form clusters, between the majority of investment owners and the minority, namely native residents who didn’t have excess land for investment and earn income as laborers. Training and assistance on product innovation and marketing was needed as an effort to train entrepreneurs to improve the creative economy of them. This community service aimed to provided knowledge about techniques for making jumputan and marketing products throught social media. This training was carried out in three stages, planning, namely communication with the head of the Gonilan PKK driving team. The implementation was divided into two, namely jumputan making training and digital marketing training, and the final stage was evaluation to follow-up to further activities. Overall, the training has been carried out well. Implementers carry out training and mentoring through program demos, lectures and questions and answers with training participants. Training participants have increased abilities and skills in entrepreneurship. Knowledge about digital marketing is also increasing.

Resilient Urban Design Approach for Coastal Settlement (Case Study: Kampung Bahari Tambak Lorok, Semarang)

Kampung Bahari Tambak Lorok is a coastal settlement in Semarang that has a vulnerability to disaster. The main problem of the vulnerability is the tidal and annual flooding every rainy season. The flooding is caused by the location of Kampung Bahari, the land subsidence issue, and the effect of climate change that causes extreme weather and sea-level rise (SLR). Kampung Bahari is located in North Semarang and is formed by the young alluvial deposits that trigger subsidence, while the subsidence itself is not only caused by geology reason but also geotechnical reasons, such as excessive water consumption, consolidation, and excessive land loads. This paper aims to examine the design approach that is most probable to be implied due to the vulnerability of Kampung Bahari towards the tidal and annual flood caused by the reasons mentioned above. The research will be carried out by data collection about Kampung Bahari, finding the actual settlement condition, and describing the problems deeper. The result will focus on the physical intervention consisting of implementing water-sensitive design principles, especially in the spatial planning of the settlements, urban system efficiency, building prototype guidelines, and infrastructure.

Microbial synthetic biology for plant metabolite production: a strategy to reconcile human health with the realization of the UN Sustainable Development Goals

AbstractPlants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that provide an array of benefits for human health. Challenges of native host production systems such as excessive land use, large carbon footprints, long production times, and high production costs often make plant‐based production of these critical metabolites inefficient and unsustainable. Engineered production through microbial‐based synthetic biology offers an alternative method of producing plant compounds that addresses the limitations encountered in plant‐based production. New technological and analytical tools such as bioprospecting, machine learning, and protein modeling can be used to explore biodiversity‐based data to identify more efficient enzymatic sequences for optimizing the production of plant derivatives. Ex planta production using microbial chassis systems provides a flexible, scalable metabolic platform that can more readily integrate new metabolic processes. Potential improvements include increased production rates and enhanced bioavailability of critical compounds, expanding the frontiers of metabolite production for optimized clinical applications. Microbial‐based synthetic biology also opens an avenue for sustainable production, with the capability of modifying the microbial chassis to accommodate a wide variety of substrates for feedstock. It includes the utilization of waste from human activities as carbon sources for production, presenting an opportunity to use cheap renewable resources for greener production methods. The benefits of ex planta production systems can potentially enable the efficient, scalable, and sustainable production of plant derivatives that may vastly improve health and help bring forward the realization of the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Is Macroprudential Policy Instrument Blunt? Empirical Analysis Based on Japan's Experience from the 1970s to the 1990s

AbstractMacroprudential instruments, especially sectoral instruments, are considered to be precise tools that work only in areas of concern. However, it has not yet been fully tested in practice whether they affect only the targeted sectors and do not have undesirable spillover effects on nontargeted sectors. To fill this gap, we empirically study the impact of an instrument called Quantitative Restriction (QR), a policy tool used in Japan in the 1990s to curb excessive land price rises by requiring banks to contain real estate lending. We use narrative records to construct QR shocks and estimate their impact using a factor‐augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR). Our findings are summarized as follows. First, contractionary QR shocks reduced not only real estate lending and land prices, but also lending to other industries, putting downward pressure on the macroeconomy and lowering bank solvency. Second, industry groups and banks with balance sheets that were more exposed to changes in land prices and real estate transactions responded greater to these shocks, illustrating the role of balance sheet composition in spillovers and the importance of choosing the right timing for implementation following these shocks, suggesting that there may have been leakages through these institutions. Third, some nonbank financial institutions that were not required to report the loan results to the authorities did not reduce their lending following these shocks, which accords with the view that there were leakages through these institutions.

Cropland abandonment mapping at sub-pixel scales using crop phenological information and MODIS time-series images

Cropland abandonment is a common land-use change with mixed impacts on the environment and rural economic development. Prevalent small family farms and excessive land fragmentation result in cropland abandonment processes that are often gradual and spatially dispersed. These difficulties limit the ability to apply previous remote sensing mapping methods of cropland abandonment to areas with complex underlying surfaces, where mixed pixels and spectral aliasing problems arise. To meet the demands of broad-scale and high-accuracy abandoned cropland mapping, we developed the PCRRSBS-CV model by combining the phenology-based cropland retirement remote sensing (PCRRS) model with the coefficient of variation (CV) and tilled soil fraction (BS). This method combines information regarding crop phenology with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series images. The PCRRS model was used to estimate changes in spectral metrics parameters during the process of cropland abandonment. Additionally, the dead fuel index and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were employed to estimate the BS in mixed pixels (according to crop type). We predicted that use of the BS as the weighting coefficient for the PCRRS model would reduce interference from the mixed pixel problem, while spatial heterogeneity could be reduced by dividing the research area into regional units. Use of the CV of the NDVI time series with phenological information highlights the volatility of crop growth periods and helps to eliminate disturbances associated with woodlands and grasslands. Finally, we demonstrated this method in the Loess Plateau of China and a portion of central Europe; we verified its accuracy using high-resolution images from Google Earth. Our algorithm demonstrated overall accuracy of 82.2 % and can extract cropland abandonment information as little as 20 % of a pixel. The overall root mean square error (RMSE) was controlled below 15 %. In summary, the high accuracy achieved by this method enables the monitoring of cropland abandonment dynamics on a large scale.

A Comparison of the Ideal Agrarian Reform Law to be Implemented in Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to examine the ideal agrarian reform program for Indonesia by conducting a comparison method with Japan, which is one of the countries in Asia that has been very successful in implementing agrarian reform. This research is descriptive research with a normative juridical research type, using secondary data, through legislative and comparative approaches. Data is collected through document studies and then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research found similarities and differences between the two agrarian reform models. From these differences, it can be seen the advantages of Japanese agrarian reform that need to be adjusted to the need to improve Indonesia's agrarian reform, including compensation for excess land and absentee land that is used as the object of agrarian reform is given in the form of bonds; the agrarian reform team is independent; the government buys all excess land, the government provides a budget as needed.

The Effect of Beijerinckia fluminensis G3 and Rhizobium pusense G4c on Germination of rice Var. Ciherang and red rice Var. Barak Cenana

The productivity of rice fields in Indonesia is decreasing and production per unit area is also decreasing due to the shifting of functions from agricultural land to non-agricultural land. Excessive land continuous use of chemical fertilizers can damage the soil so the solution offered is the use of biological fertilizers, namely by utilizing the use of microorganisms from nature. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bacteria G3 and G4c that have been obtained by previous researchers against root weight, root length, root width, root volume, root surface area in rice Var. Ciherang and red rice Var. Barak Cenana. Making NFb media as a selection medium then propagated on TSA media and a confirmation test is carried out. The results showed treatment with G3 (Beijerinckia fluminensis) on rice Var. Ciherang had the highest average root weight, average root length, root width, root volume and root surface area compared to the control and G4c (Rhizobium pusense) treatment. Control treatment without giving G3 (Beijerinckia fluminensis) and G4c (Rhizobium pusense) on red rice Var. Barak Cenana had the highest average root weight, average root length, root width, root volume and root surface area compared to G3 (Beijerinckia fluminensis) and G4c (Rhizobium pusense).

Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Kepemilikan Tanah Warga Di Wilayah X

This study attempts to review a phenomenon that occurred in the city of X regarding land conflicts, the beginning of the conflict a resident cut down a tree in the land owner's area, but when asked for clarification the woodcutter admitted that the land belonged to him, hence the beginning of the conflict. the purpose of this research is to provide literacy to the community so as not to get involved in excessive land ownership conflicts and provide literacy to the community so that the research method carried out by qualitative research researchers with a case study approach to readers about the importance of maintaining land rights ownership by completing all forms of ownership administration. The results of the study showed that the defendant was not doing the law by cutting down trees that did not belong to him for the ownership of the land

Modeling of Cellular Automata Markov Chain for Predicting the Carrying Capacity of Ambon City

Ambon is a city with the highest economic and population growth in Maluku Province, which makes built-up land have high and rapid growth so that it can reduce the carrying capacity of the city's land. This can lead to an imbalance between population and available housing and may result in higher population pressure on available areas. Prediction of spatial modeling is needed as a preventive measure to prevent excessive land cover changes in the future. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of residential areas and spatial modeling of land cover changes in Ambon City in 2010, 2015, and 2020 using Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CAMC) and identify settlement patterns based on population density in 2031 in Ambon city. The results of the Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CAMC) analysis show that the residential area in 2031 has increased to 7,910.03 ha and the development of residential areas in 2031 in Ambon City is centered on Sirimau District.

NIT-DRAIN model to simulate nitrate concentrations and leaching in a tile-drained agricultural field

Agricultural pollution, due to excessive land fertilization, affects the quality of both surface and ground water. This paper presents a conceptual and reservoir-based model that simulates the time variation of nitrate concentrations [NO3-] at the outlet of a subsurface drainage network, referred to herein as “NIT-DRAIN.” The model is based on a simplified scheme of water and nitrate transfer processes by decomposing the soil profile located between the drain and the mid-drain into three interconnected and conceptual compartments. Hence, the fast transfer throughout the macroporosity located above the pipe is described by the first compartment while the low and residual nitrate transfers are managed by the two other compartments. The model assumes that all seasonal nitrogen transformations at the field scale lead to the remaining pool of nitrate available for leaching at the beginning of the winter season (RNBW). This variable is updated by the model at the beginning of each hydrological year. The NIT-DRAIN model requires two input data: the measured or simulated drainage discharge and the RNBW. Seven parameters were introduced to manage nitrate leaching and water flow through the three soil compartments using two different transfer functions. The calibration and validation step (C/V) was performed to assess the performance of the model in reproducing the nitrate concentration observations acquired at Rampillon (355 ha, data for 6 years), located east of Paris, France. The results showed performance criteria of KGE greater than 0.5 and of RMSE less than 5 mgNO3-/l, which confirm the ability of the model to simulate the observed nitrate concentrations with a good agreement. The annual model calibration framework, implemented to assess the parameter variability, confirms the model stability and consistency. However, the use of simulated drainage discharges as input underlines the need to reproduce with accuracy the earlier low discharge values by the drainage model. The innovative management of nitrate transfer through the conceptual compartments based on the annual update of the RNBW variable enables the simulation of the nitrate concentrations with a high performance using a limited number of input data. In addition, the periods of flushing and dilution are clearly identified by the NIT-DRAIN model thanks to the accurate estimation of the nitrate storage variation inside each model compartment.

Development of agricultural land markets in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Well-functioning agricultural land markets are a precondition for agricultural and rural development in general. However, agricultural land markets remain weak and still face many constraints in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. By applying a conceptual framework for agricultural land market development in five stages, the paper assesses the current development stage of land markets in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and discusses the main constraints including informalities, absent owners, technical errors and complicated and costly land transaction procedures. Most of the countries have farm structures characterized by excessive land fragmentation and small average farm sizes. The need for coherent national land policies is argued. Furthermore, land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking in addition to facilitating agricultural and rural development also contribute to land market development.