Excellent Combustion Properties Research Articles

A novel dynamic simulation method for investigating the hygroscopicity of Ammonium perchlorate

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a widely used oxidizer, extensively employed in solid propellants with excellent combustion properties. Ultrafine AP has better combustion properties, but its strong hygroscopicity and high sensitivity hinder its application. To safely and efficiently explore the hygroscopicity of ultrafine AP, this paper proposes a novel molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. By analyzing the movement of water molecules, fluctuations in average hydrogen bond strength, and the influence of non-covalent intermolecular forces throughout the moisture absorption process, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the hygroscopic properties of ultrafine AP across relative humidity (RH) levels spanning from 10 % to 100 %, and temperatures ranging between 273 K and 373 K. It was found that temperature has a more significant impact on the hygroscopicity of AP compared to RH. During the hygroscopic process of AP, Van der Waals interactions hindered the water absorption of AP, while electrostatic forces promoted its hygroscopic properties. The hygroscopicity of AP reached a maximum when the temperature exceeded 333 K, and plateaued as the increase of RH. The proposed moisture simulation method facilitates the secure and effective forecasting of moisture absorption in AP-based materials across various temperature and RH environments, thereby greatly expediting research on enhancing the moisture resistance of ultrafine AP.

Hydrogen fuelling a passenger car spark ignition engine for a cleaner environment

The tightening of the restrictions on polluting emissions in the last decade and the possibility of the disappearance of the internal combustion engine in the field of transport must motivate the researchers in the field of internal combustion engines to find new solutions to fuel the spark ignition engine, aiming to reduce the negative impact of polluting emissions on the environment. Unconventional fuels represent a very good choice to fuel the spark ignition engines, based on their excellent combustion properties and hydrogen stands out among them. This paper presents experimental results of fuelling a car spark ignition engine with mixtures of gasoline and hydrogen. The experimental investigations have shown an improvement in the combustion process of the engine, a reduction in the energetic fuel consumption, an increase in the brake thermal efficiency and a decrease in the pollutant emissions level.

Combustion Enhancement of Gel Propellant Containing High Concentration Aluminum Particles Based on Carbon Synergistic Effect.

The addition of aluminum particles to gel propellants can improve combustion performance. However, the agglomeration of aluminum during the combustion process can result in a series of negative effects. In this paper, the aluminum agglomeration inhibition method of gel propellant based on carbon synergistic effect is proposed. Carbon particles exhibit excellent combustion properties, and the gaseous product CO2 generated during combustion can mitigate the agglomeration of aluminum. The research demonstrates that incorporating carbon particles into aluminum-containing gel effectively reduces the incomplete combustion of aluminum particles and increases the volumetric calorific value of the gel. When the mass fraction of carbon is 5 wt%, the volume calorific value of the gel reaches the highest. Meanwhile, the rheological experiments show that the addition of carbon particles can improve the shear-thinning properties of the gel, which is beneficial to the atomization and combustion processes of the gel.

Flammable gas leakage risk assessment for methanol to hydrogen refueling stations and liquid hydrogen refueling stations

Due to its excellent combustion properties and environmental performance, the development of hydrogen energy has become an international trend in recent years. However, hydrogen refueling stations, which are the infrastructure for hydrogen energy development, contain flammable gases such as hydrogen and methanol, which are highly susceptible to explosion and may threaten people's health and property safety. In this paper, a dynamic risk assessment method based on Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) is established for combustible gas leakage accidents in hydrogen refueling stations, and the methanol to hydrogen refueling stations and liquid hydrogen refueling stations are taken as research objects to quantitatively analyze their leakage risks and accident consequences. It is found that the leakage accident probability and consequences of methanol to hydrogen refueling stations show periodicity with a period of three months, while there is no periodicity for liquid hydrogen refueling stations. The probabilities of leakage accident and serious consequences in methanol to hydrogen refueling stations show a sudden increase within a cycle, on the other hand, those in liquid hydrogen refueling stations tend to increase linearly over three years with time. In addition, based on the diagnostic reasoning function of DBN, this paper identifies the two most critical hazard sources for flammable gas leakage accident in hydrogen refueling stations: human factors and corrosion factors, and provides guidance for relevant enterprises to reduce the risk.

Ethanolysis of glucose into biofuel 5-ethoxymethyl-furfural catalyzed by NH4H2PO4 modified USY zeolite

5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) can be considered as a potential biofuel because of its excellent combustion properties, such as high energy density and low carbon smoke emissions. In this study, Ultra-stable Y (USY) zeolite was modified with NH4H2PO4 and then used as an efficient solid catalyst for the catalytic synthesis of EMF via ethanolysis of glucose First, the NH4H2PO4-modified USY was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, and NH3-TPD. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, substrate concentration, and catalyst loading on the yield of EMF was investigated. The P0.2-USY optimal EMF yield was 39.6 mol%, which increased by 20.7% compared to USY, and still had better activity after being reused for 5 cycles. Moreover, the pseudo-homogeneous first-order kinetics model was developed to elucidate the kinetics of EMF formation from glucose, and the kinetics results showed that the activation energy of EMF formation (64.2 kJ⋅mol-1) was lower than that of humins formation (73.2 kJ⋅mol-1). Finally, the ethanolysis pathway was proposed based on the product distribution.

N-Containing Hybrid Composites Coatings for Enhanced Fire-Retardant Properties of Cotton Fabric Using One-Pot Sol–Gel Process

In this report, a unique methodology/process steps were followed using Sol-gel-based concept to deposit thin flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Surface microstructure and compositional analysis of the coated cotton were carried out using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), which explored significant coverage of the fabric. The obtained samples were further analyzed through rupturing mechanism test and color check. Compositional investigation of the coated samples was carried through Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Thermal analyses were carried out through Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Vertical flame tests (VFT), which suggested higher resistance of the coatings obtained for 5 h and zero heat-treatment time on the cotton fabric. A 28.86% char residue was obtained for the same sample (ET-5h-RT) coupled with higher degradation temperature and excellent combustion properties.

Effect of multi-type oxides on the catalytic pyrolysis behaviors of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole

5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole (5AT), as a novel energetic material, has been widely applied in propellant, airbags, and fire extinguisher areas due to its excellent combustion properties. However, suboptimal combustion performance limits its extensive application. Thermal behaviors investigation could provide guidance on the control of combustion performance, which can be effectively optimized by adding catalysts. Therefore, exploring the thermal decomposition behaviors of 5AT is more beneficial to its combustion performance optimization, management and applications. Traditional catalysts for 5AT, such as coolants (CaCO3), hydrohalide salts (HCl), and guanidine (CH4N4O2) are easy to release harmful gas to destroy the environment when they catalyze the pyrolysis and combustion process. Moreover, different catalysts can play various catalytic mechanism. Therefore, a highly effective catalysts that are not easy to be occurred for pyrolysis on their own are required. In this study, three kinds of catalysts (acid oxide (SiO2), alkaline oxide (PbO), amphoteric oxide (MnO2)) are mixed with 5AT by means of ball milling, which is for the purpose of investigating the effect of multi-type oxides on the catalytic pyrolysis behaviors about 5AT. The TG test is conducted to analyze the thermal behaviors and the isoconversion method (Advanced Vyazovkin) is applied to evaluate the thermal activation energy ranging from 100 ∼ 300 ℃. The results reveal that the catalyst PbO embodies the best catalytic effect. The Criado method is employed to determine the pyrolysis model. The results indicates that the pyrolysis model is not governed by a specific model but all followed by Fn model when the conversion is below 0.5 while the model is mainly charged by F3/2 model when the conversion is over 0.5 with the addition of catalysts. Moreover, the TG-FTIR technology is also employed to capture the evolved gas products and further to infer the most likely pyrolysis route of 5AT. The conclusions in this study will provide a theoretical support for the storage, transportation, application, management, combustion investigation and the computer simulation of 5AT-based solid propellant.

Effects of swirl injection on the combustion of a novel composite hybrid rocket fuel grain

The combustion characteristics obtained from the coupling effect between swirl injection and a novel composite hybrid rocket fuel grain were investigated. The novel composite fuel grain was composed of a three-dimensional printed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) helical substrate with an embedded paraffin-based fuel. Two swirl flow injectors with opposite injection directions were designed: one with the same injection direction as the swirling direction induced by the ABS helical substrate and the other having the opposite direction. Axial injection trials were also performed as a baseline for comparison. Firing tests were carried out using a lab-scale hybrid rocket engine with oxygen as the oxidizer at average mass flux values in the range of 2.1–4.5 g/(s·cm2). When combined with either swirl flow injector, the novel composite fuel grain exhibited excellent combustion properties. Compared with the axial flow injector, both swirl injectors greatly improved the regression rate of the novel composite fuel grain, by 82.4% and 50.6% respectively, at an oxygen mass flux of approximately 4.25 g/(s·cm2). Three-dimensional imaging of the inner surface of the novel composite fuel grain and cold flow numerical simulations were employed to assess the mechanism by which the regression rate was increased. The results of these analyses elucidated the effects of different injection methods on the oxidizer-to-fuel ratio distribution during combustion of the novel composite fuel grain.

Simultaneously Altering the Energy Release and Promoting the Adhesive Force of an Electrophoretic Energetic Film with a Fluoropolymer.

Energetic coatings have attracted a great deal of interest with respect to their compatibility and high energy and power density. However, their preparation by effective and inexpensive methods remains a challenge. In this work, electrophoretic deposition was investigated for the deposition of an Al/CuO thermite coating as a typical facile effective and controllable method. Given the poor adhesion of the deposited film and the native inert Al2O3 shell on Al limiting energy output, further treatment was conducted by soaking in a Nafion solution, which not only acted as a fluoropolymer binder but also introduced a strong F oxidizer. It is interesting to note that the adhesion level of Al/CuO films was improved greatly from 1B to 4B, which was attributed to Nafion organic network film formation, like a fishing net covering the loose particles in the film. Combustion and energy release were analyzed using a high-speed camera and a differential scanning calorimeter. A combustion rate of ≤3.3 m/s and a heat release of 2429 J/g for Al/NFs/CuO are far superior to those of pristine Al/CuO (1.3 m/s and 841 J/g, respectively). The results show that the excellent combustion and heat release properties of the energetic film system are facilitated by the good combustion-supporting properties of organic molecules and the increase in the film density after organic treatment. The prepared Al/NFs/CuO film was also employed as ignition material to fire B-KNO3 explosive successfully. This study provides a new way to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid energetic films, simultaneously altering the energy release and enhancing the adhesive force. In addition, the Al/NFs/CuO coating also showed considerable potential as an ignition material in microignitors.

Growth and Fatty Acid Profile of the Aspergillus terreus in Different Culture Media and Temperatures

Fungi are a promising alternative source of oil to produce biodiesel, still very little known. The identification of a species with desirable characteristics is a fundamental component to achieve the economic viability of the process. The study aimed to carry out the evaluation of the fungus Aspergillus terreus in different culture media and different temperatures, the production of fungal biomass and in line with obtaining the profile of methyl esters of fatty acids. The fungal biomass revealed that in the NBRIP medium at both a temperature of 29 ºC and 36 ºC, it resulted in a great potential in the production of saturated fatty acids (SFA), which have excellent combustion properties, reaching values of 35.89 and 34,89%, respectively. For most species, the fuel would need to be mixed to make up culture conditions to be optimized and achieve the correct lipid profile, so that the fungal fuel meets European biodiesel production standards (EN 14214). Aspergillus terreus from iron ore tailings proved to be a promising microbial biomass as an energy source in the production of biodiesel.

Computational Analysis of Premixed Syngas/Air Combustion in Micro-channels: Impacts of Flow Rate and Fuel Composition

Due to increasing demand for clean and green energy, a need exists for fuels with low emissions, such as synthetic gas (syngas), which exhibits excellent combustion properties and has demonstrated promise in low-emission energy production, especially at microscales. However, due to complicated flame properties in microscale systems, it is of utmost importance to describe syngas combustion and comprehend its properties with respect to its boundary and inlet conditions, and its geometric characteristics. The present work studied premixed syngas combustion in a two-dimensional channel, with a length of 20 mm and a half-width of 1 mm, using computational approaches. Specifically, a fixed temperature gradient was imposed at the upper wall, from 300 K at the inlet to 1500 K at the outlet, to preheat the mixture, accounting for the conjugate heat transfer through the walls. The detailed chemistry of the ignition process was imitated using the San Diego mechanism involving 46 species and 235 reactions. For the given boundary conditions, stoichiometric premixed syngas containing various compositions of carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen, over a range of inlet velocities, was simulated, and various combustion phenomena, such as ignition, flame stabilization, and flames with repeated extinction and ignition (FREI), were analyzed using different metrics. The flame stability and the ignition time were found to correlate with the inlet velocity for a given syngas mixture composition. Similarly, for a given inlet velocity, the correlation of the flame properties with respect to the syngas composition was further scrutinized.

Bilateral modification of FOX-7 towards an enhanced energetic compound with promising performances

Achieving high detonation performance, good thermal stability, and insensitivity is a major challenge in the field of energetic materials. Since the discovery of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), its energetic derivatives have been proposed as a promising solution to this challenge. So far, good candidates that have all the advantages continue to be rare. Now we propose a strategy of bilateral structure modification; that is, replacing the amino and nitro groups in FOX-7 with hydrazine and tetrazole moieties simultaneously. By using this methodology, (Z)-1-amino-1-hydrazinyl-2-nitro-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethene (HTz-FOX), an advanced energetic compound was synthesized and fully characterized. It exhibits promising properties (Dv = 8883 m s−1, P = 28.3 GPa, Td = 237 °C, IS = 10 J, FS = 240 N), which are superior to those of RDX (Dv = 8801 m s−1, P = 33.6 GPa, Td = 204 °C, IS = 6.0 J, FS = 120 N). Additionally, it shows excellent combustion properties with a maximum pressure of 20.13 GPa and a very short delay combustion time of 0.09 ms, which suggests it could be a good candidate as a gas generator. The strategy based on a bilateral structure modification should be useful for exploring more promising energetic materials in the future.

Techno-economic analysis of dual methanol and hydrogen production using energy mix systems with CO2 capture

The rise in global energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions demands for the development of cleaner fuels with the reduction in CO2 emissions. Methanol and H2 are considered as cleaner fuels, which are vastly used in my process and product base industries due to excellent combustion properties. This study aims to develop the alternative models using Aspen Plus for dual production of methanol and H2 with the control on greenhouse gas emissions. The base case model represents the coal to methanol and H2 production process, whereas, the alternative model presents the process integration approach to integrate the state-of-art coal gasification and natural gas reforming models to utilize the key technical benefits for each technology. Both the models are techno-economically compared in terms of methanol and H2 production rates, specific energy requirements, carbon conversion, CO2 specific emissions, overall process efficiencies, fuel production costs and project feasibilities. The results showed that the case 2 design offers 4.28% higher process efficiency and 18.3% reduction in specific energy requirements (GJ) for each metric ton (MT) of fuel (methanol and H2) production compared to the base case. Moreover, fuel production cost (€/MT) for the case 2 design is also 13% lower compared to the case 1 design. The comparative analysis also showed that the case 2 design reduces the CO2 specific emissions up to 34.3% compared to the case 1 design. Due to the higher process performance and lower production costs, case 2 design also showed the better project feasibility compared to the base case design.

Performance analysis and control of NOx emissions in diesel engine using on-board acetylene gas from calcium carbide

The rise in fuel prices and strict regulations on exhaust emissions on one side and depletion of fossil fuels on the other side has demanded the usage of fuel-efficient and clean combustion engines by using alternative fuel. The selection of the most suitable and reliable alternative fuel to suit the existing engine without modifications is an energizing task. The features like the wide operating range in compression ratios and air–fuel mixture ratio encourages diesel engines more compatible as compared to petrol engines. In the present work, Acetylene gas was selected due to excellent combustion properties, high flame velocity, and has higher chemical energy in it. In addition to that, the Acetylene is produced from CaC2 (calcium carbide) and is acquired from CaCO3 (limestone) which is vastly available in nature. Several researchers have done extensive research with acetylene gas as an alternative fuel on both petrol engines and diesel engines with many modifications in the existing engines. In most of the cases, the high-pressure acetylene gas was used to improve power output, efficiency, and also to reduce exhaust emissions. The usage of C2H2 gas at higher pressure is not safe and backfiring is the most common phenomenon which influences the safety of operation. In the present investigation, the calcium carbide and water are mixed to produce the acetylene gas, and the same gas is mixed with air and this mixture will be as intake to the engine, and diesel is injected as usual. The acetylene gas at low pressure is used at various flow rates to explore the behavior of engine exhaust and efficiency and compare it with a pure diesel engine. The main focus is on brake thermal efficiency NOx emissions and the optimum flow rate of acetylene gas without a knock. With an optimum flow rate of acetylene, the brake thermal efficiency up to medium load is slightly reduced and at maximum load, it is very nearer to diesel fuel efficiency and even increased by 6.2%. The oxides of nitrogen emissions are escalated over the entire load range. The optimum EGR rate is investigated by considering the smoke, SFC, and temperature of the exhaust gases of the dual engines, and the same optimum EGR is applied to control NOx. The effects of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are not considerable. Hence, it is not covered in this study.

Interrelation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Sensory Properties of Alternative and Torrefied Wood Pellets

The increasing demand for wood pellets on the market, which is caused by their excellent combustion properties, inspires the production as well as the utilization of alternative biomass pellets as fuel. However, the emission of volatile organic compounds gives pellet materials a distinct odor or off-odor, which is directly perceived by the end user. Thus, there is an urgent need for knowledge about the emitted volatile organic compounds and their potential formation pathways as well as their contributions to odor properties of the pellets. In this study, pellets made of biomass energy crops (i.e., straw or miscanthus), byproducts from the food industry (i.e., rapeseed, grapevine, or DDGS (dried distillers grains with solubles from beer production)), or eucalyptus, as well as torrefied pinewood and torrefied sprucewood were investigated with respect to the emitted volatile compounds and their possible impact on the pellet odor. Headspace solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to enrich, separate, and identify the compounds. Techniques used in sensory science were applied to obtain information about the odor properties of the samples. A total of 59 volatile compounds (acids, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, terpenes, heterocyclic compounds, and phenolic compounds) were identified with different compound ratios in the investigated materials. The use of multivariate statistical data analysis provided deep insight into product–compound interrelation. For pellets produced from bioenergy crops, as well as from byproducts from the food industry, the sensory properties of the pellets reflected the odor properties of the raw material. With respect to the volatiles from torrefied pellets, those volatiles that are formed during the torrefaction procedure dominate the odor of the torrefied pellets covering the genuine odor of the utilized wood. The results of this work serve as a substantiated basis for future production of pellets from alternative raw materials.

Dimethyl ether synthesis via captured CO2 hydrogenation within the power to liquids concept: A techno-economic assessment

The necessity to decarbonise the transportation sector has triggered the exploration of alternative cleaner fuels that can successfully substitute fossil derived fuels. Dimethyl ether (DME) poses as a promising candidate due to excellent combustion properties and low greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, the power to liquids (PtL) concept in conjunction with the carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) scenario have emerged as sustainable ways to produce carbon based material and contribute into satisfying the ever growing energy demand. In view of these, the goal of the present study is to determine the technical performance and economic viability of a novel dimethyl ether (DME) production route via captured CO2 hydrogenation within a power to liquid context. Mass and energy balances were solved and integrated by means of simulations using Aspen Plus V10 and Matlab R2017b software. Based on a plant that produces roughly 740 tonnes of DME per day, the global energy efficiency of the proposed process configuration is equal to 44.4% while the overall achieved CO2 conversion to DME is 82.3%. A typical discounted cash flow analysis revealed that the deterministic minimum DME selling price (MDSP) is 2193 € t−1 (or equally 75.62 € GJ−1); this figure is approximately 5-fold greater than the gate price of conventional diesel. The factors that mostly affect the MDSP are associated with the electrolysis unit, i.e. electricity price as well as electrolyser efficiency and capital cost. Changes in the renewable energy price cause wide fluctuations in the DME market price of −70% to +21%. Finally, stochastic uncertainty analysis, based on Monte Carlo simulations, exposed a 95% confidence interval for the MDSP to be within the range of 1828–2322€ t−1.

Hunting for advanced high-energy-density materials with well-balanced energy and safety through an energetic host–guest inclusion strategy

A versatile host–guest driven explosive-oxidant inclusion strategy was proposed to develop advanced high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) with high detonation performances, low mechanical sensitivities and excellent combustion properties.

Encapsulation of aluminum nanoparticles within copper oxide matrix for enhancing their reactive properties

Simple and easy spray pyrolysis and subsequent calcination processes were employed in this study to fabricate nanoenergetic materials (nEMs) composed of Al as the fuel and CuO as the oxidizer. Al nanoparticles (NPs) and Cu(NO3)2 as the CuO precursor were first dissolved in ethanol, and then they were pyrolized in the gas phase. After the subsequent calcination process, Cu(NO3)2 and its intermediate matrix covering Al NPs were completely transformed to the CuO matrix by thermal decomposition, and thus, the CuO-encapsulated Al NPs were successfully fabricated. The burn rate of the CuO-encapsulated Al NPs fabricated in this study was found to be much higher than that of Al/CuO composite NPs, which were fabricated for comparison by traditional sonication mixing and subsequent calcination processes. The ignition delay time and total burning time of CuO-encapsulated Al NPs were also much shorter than those of Al/CuO composite NPs. This suggests that the combination of spray pyrolysis and subsequent calcination processes can be a versatile and effective method to form the homogeneous and intimate nEMs composed of fuel materials (i.e., Al NP core) and oxidizers (i.e., CuO matrix) with high reactivity and excellent combustion properties.

Comparative Analysis of Performance Characteristics of CI Engine with and without HHO Gas (Brown Gas)

Internal combustion engine is used in daily life activity. Fossil fuels are primary fuels which are used in IC engines because of increasing consumption day by day its alarming that these will deplete in near future. Researchers in field of inter combustion trying to use alternate fuels to fulfill energy demand of IC engine. Among the others, hydrogen is capturing attention as alternate fuel in engine for proper combustion without smoke as there is no carbon is present in it. In this article, hydroxy (HHO) gas has many excellent combustion properties that can be used for improving performance characteristics of diesel-fired Compression Ignition (CI) engines. Brown gas (HHO) was produced by using the electrolysis process with KOH(aq) as catalyst with stainless steel electrodes in a leak proof plexiglass reactor was presented in ongoing piece of writing. Produced gas is used as supplementary fuel in inlet manifold of engine test bed (modal#TQ200) which has one cylinder, air cooled, four stroke compressed ignition. Performance characteristics of engine were recorded under the same test condition with and without installation of HHO generator. Experimental results were taken over the range of speed from 1950 to 3450 rpm using hydraulic dynamometer at constant load condition of torque 2 N-m. Different engine performance parameters were calculated like engine brake power, the brake specific fuel consumption, the thermal efficiency, the mechanical efficiency and the specific fuel consumption with or without HHO gas. The results clearly indicated that engine’s brake power, thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency increased 22%, 47% 24%, respectively while engine’s brake specific fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreased upto maximum value of 35% and 27% respectively compared with engine operating without HHO generator. Main objectives of this research are to decrease the fuel consumption and increase power and efficiencies of CI engine and successfully achieved as witnessed in results.

Thermogravimetric Studies of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Kernel Shell: TG/DTG Analysis and Modeling

The combustion behavior and characteristics of oil palm residues − empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) − were investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer. A 15-mg sample of each biomass was heated from 30°C to 900°C at four heating rates (within 10−40°C/min) in a dry air flow of 50ml/min. The TG/DTG curves showing the degradation behavior and the combustion characteristics (specific temperatures) of the EFB and PKS samples were obtained from the thermogravimetric analysis and compared between the two biomasses. The kinetic equation with relevant parameters describing the time dependant biomass degradation was obtained for each oil palm residue according to the Coats-Redfern method. The findings revealed the excellent combustion properties of both selected biomasses. However, EFB exhibited higher thermal and combustion reactivity compared to PKS.