Examples Of Social Enterprises Research Articles

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The paper is devoted to the formation of practical recommendations for the usage of marketing tools for the development of social enterprises, which will contribute to their effective functioning in the conditions of uncertainty. The article presents the marketing environment of a social enterprise. The ecosystem of social entrepreneurship as a part of the modern business environment includes key market players (suppliers, intermediaries, companies, competitors and customers). There is an exception in comparing social and traditional enterprise: customers of goods or services produced by social enterprises are usually not consumers or target customers of the corresponding products. In many cases, the decision maker is the party paying, such as a government, foundation, or individual sponsor. In addition, the target audience of a social enterprise includes not only customers as consumers of the product, but also beneficiaries (population groups to whom the mission of the social enterprise is directed). In many cases, the beneficiary receives access to services for free or at reduced prices through the payer (client). This additional profile of the client actually causes the need for additional research, because in the case of social entrepreneurship, the focus on marketing strategy differs from traditional business in certain features. Unlike traditional entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs should not only work on maximizing their profits, they should also care about social impact and increasing positive brand reputation. Like a traditional business, a social enterprise faces competitors in the market who may or may not have better market offerings and may or may not be socially oriented. Challenges regarding the marketing of social enterprises have been identified: an ambiguous attitude to marketing on the part of social entrepreneurs, which is associated with insufficient understanding of marketing and its interpretation exclusively as a tool for profit maximization; lack of a clear understanding of the target audience, which leads to uncertainty in the development of marketing messages and strategies; a limited number of successful examples of social enterprises to refer to, which reduces motivation and confidence in the effectiveness of marketing efforts for aspiring social entrepreneurs. Marketing tools for social enterprises are provided to help define the target market and brand social values and mission.

РОЗВИТОК СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the issue of relevance and development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Social entrepreneurship is a relevant way of development of any society, as it combines a social mission with a business approach. The relevance of social entrepreneurship is determined by the fact that it can provide solutions to social problems that cannot be solved by the state or commercial organizations. Social enterprises can work in such sectors as health care, education, ecology, social assistance, and others. They ensure the development of socio-economic systems and reduce the impact of inequality on society. The article examines the factors that influence the growing popularity of the implementation of social entrepreneurship, among which the need for innovation, increasing public interest in social issues, and others can be highlighted. Based on this, the advantages and disadvantages of social enterprises were determined. The experience of conducting this form of business in the most successful European countries, such as Great Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, is also analyzed. There are many successful examples of social enterprises implemented in Ukraine. The authors also proposed several ways of implementing social entrepreneurship projects with the aim of post-war recovery of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to clarify the basic principles of social entrepreneurship, the reasons for its growing popularity in Europe and Ukraine in particular. Also, to analyze the experience of the most successful European countries in the implementation and support of social enterprises, as well as to investigate aspects of the development of this business in Ukraine. To propose possible options for the post-war recovery of Ukraine through the implementation of social entrepreneurship projects. Even though the number of scientists who researched the issue of social entrepreneurship is large, in today's realities there are very few works that consider the issue of social entrepreneurship as part of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The authors show in the article that social enterprises create innovative solutions for social problems, create new jobs and reduce unemployment. They also provide affordable services for the population, solve problems in the fields of education, health care and ecology

The Benefits of Implementing Social Audit in Social Enterprises

The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefits of implementing social audit in social enterprises. To achieve this goal, the essential characteristics of social enterprises and social audit are analyzed, some good examples of social enterprises are presented, as well as some unethical practices of social enterprises. Modern community is facing a number of difficulties and challenges. It is known that social enterprises have the ability and potential to bring about positive change, but the implementation of social audit would ensure sustainable economic activity in the name of a social cause, protecting all stakeholders.

Why Should Corporations Partner With Social Enterprises and Entrepreneurs?

Every business strives to increase its productivity and stay sustainable. In order to maintain existing markets and enter new ones, businesses will collaborate and partner with various stakeholders. Most of the major issues confronting our society, including the environment, require strong partnerships. A growing number of startups support positive social and environmental changes—these startups are comprised of social entrepreneurs or socially responsible companies. This article discusses the opportunity businesses might have in partnering with social enterprises or by making a social enterprise a supply chain member. Some simple examples of social enterprises as a focal firm or an integrated member of a supply chain provide insights into this relationship. This article highlights benefits companies might experience from partnering with social enterprises.

FINANCING OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPACT INVESTING

The article considers and justifies the approach to the financing of organic production as a component of the concept of impact-investing. The essence, features and tools of impact-investment are considered. Impact-investing differences from social investment, socially responsible investment and social entrepreneurship are considered. It is proved that Impact Investment is the newest financial strategy for social development, provides for investments in business projects that initially focused on profit and positive changes in society or the environment It is noted that scientific consideration of impact investing has not yet been given due attention in Ukraine. The subject of research is at the intersection of financial technology, social entrepreneurship and organic agro-production. Impact investing is considered a separate case of social investing with more clearly defined boundaries. Examples of social enterprises both in agriculture and in the restaurant business and in manufacturing are known in Ukraine. Because social entrepreneurship is a business, it has all the rules of the business: niche search, market research, competition, investment, and more. Impact investments help measure the external effects of doing business. With the introduction of the investment impact criterion, it becomes possible to determine what this business impact is, how to measure, study and understand it. It is emphasized that Impact investing is only beginning to develop in Ukraine. Over the past few years, examples of such investments have emerged in Kyiv, Lviv, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk and other cities. Most of them have started their business through local businesses and have relatively small initial investments by global standards. The opinion is grounded that investment in the development of organic production can be considered as a form of impact investment. It is concluded that, given the great social importance of the development of organic production, as well as the positive effects that organic agricultural production can potentially have on the development of rural areas, the use of financial resources of agricultural holdings may be promising. It was proposed to provide a differentiated approach to the collection of a fixed agricultural tax (FAS), taking into account the availability of investments in organic agricultural production, which would have prompted agricultural holdings to include organic production units in their structure. Investments in the development of organic agricultural production, which are proposed to be considered as impact investments, would allow domestic agro-holdings to a certain extent “rehabilitate”, improve their image, give their debt to society, and contribute to the development of rural areas.

Razvoj socijalnog preduzetništva i perspektiva njegove dalje afirmacije u sveopštem razvoju Srbije

The model of social economy in Europe is expanding and gaining momentum, and can thus be considered as one of the pillars of European integration project. The holders of this economy are various actors who, individually or jointly, create associations, organizations, cooperatives or enterprises that will satisfy the needs of target social groups or communities. The paper explains the essence of social entrepreneurship and follows its development and role in the economy life of Serbia. Several examples of social enterprises are given, who provide social services in innovative ways, solve the problems of marginalized groups, environment protection, as well as the ways of organizing new business models within the model of franchise integration. In a separate part, incentive developmental factors as well as limitations following the development of social entrepreneurship are identified. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of social entrepreneurship, with the aim of its further affirmation in Serbia, the measures that economic, social and political decision makers should implement are given.

Social Enterprise in Ireland – Why Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) Dominate the Discourse

AbstractWhat is termed the social economy in Ireland includes charities, co-operatives, voluntary associations and non-profits. However, the label is not widely used to describe them collectively so that many organisations within the wider social economy do not identify themselves with, or even fully understand, the term. The concept of social enterprise first emerged in public policy discourse in the 1990s and, since then, has been mainly viewed as a mechanism of job creation/integration and service provision in disadvantaged communities. This perspective on social enterprise has been significantly influenced by European policy. By contrast, in Irish academic discourse, the interpretation of social enterprise is more varied due to the different influences of the US and European intellectual traditions. These variations have contributed to ambiguity about the social economy as a sector, and social enterprises as distinctive forms, and this has compromised attempts to estimate the scale and potential of the sector in Ireland to date. In 2013, as part of the policy response to the unemployment crisis of the economic recession, the Irish government commissioned an examination of the job-creation potential of social enterprise. The Forfás report offered a new official definition of social enterprise, characterised by many of the features of the EMES ideal type. Furthermore, the description and examples of social enterprises included in the report confirmed the dominance of one model of social enterprise in Ireland – the Work Integration Social Enterprise or WISE. The objective of this paper is to discuss how social economy and social enterprise are understood in Ireland and to explain how WISEs have evolved as the dominant Irish social enterprise model to date. The influence of the US (Salamon and Anheier 1997; Dees 1998) and European/EMES academic traditions (Pestoff 1998; Borzaga and Defourny 2001; Nyssens 2006; Defourny and Nyssens 2010, 2012) and EU and national policy perspectives, since the early 1990s, on Irish academic and policy discourse is discussed in this paper. It is argued that the adoption by successive Irish governments of a labour market integration approach, to supporting the development of the Irish social economy, since the early 1990s, has shaped the sector and contributed to the emergence of one dominant social enterprise type, the WISE. Some of the characteristics and impacts of Irish WISE are then discussed together with the challenges they face.

Social enterprise and work integration of North Korean migrants in South Korea

ABSTRACTThis contribution aims to present the general issue of integrating North Korean (NK) migrants living in South Korea into jobs and society, the main characteristics of the social enterprise scheme set up in South Korea, and a few examples of social enterprises engaged in NKs migrants’ work integration. It stresses that the process of integrating NK migrants through the social enterprise model leads to apprehend this question, not in the traditional framework of policies specific to NK migrants, but in a broader framework to address a more comprehensive issue of the integration of vulnerable populations. This is an orientation that breaks with the previous public-policy framework towards NK migrants without real counterpart benefits. This approach also supplements governmental policies that have been developed since 2005 to encourage NK migrants to engage in skills training and support programmes in employment coaching. By adding case studies that assess the effectiveness of NK migrants’ work integration based on the criteria of job creation, job skills enhancement, and normal job sustenance, this study examines whether the European-originated work integration social enterprise model works for a particular social enterprise type benefiting NK migrants in South Korea.

The social enterprise as an alternative economic model for small and medium-sized enterprises. Examples of successful social enterprises

The impact of social economy is constantly growing across the European Union. Especially in time of economic crisis that is somehow reluctant to turn into economic growth in most of the member states. More and more entrepreneurs are willing to explore opportunities of social economy driven by their entrepreneurial mindset and the gap created by the lack of public financing for different types of social services traditionally covered by state budget. As Bulgarian legislation is still tarring to introduce social economy and social enterprise into its framework, this article pinpoints some successful examples of social enterprises operating in different economic fields and in different member states of the European Union. By presenting those alternative models for development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), authors emphasize on key moments that led those companies to success.

Explorando a diversidade do comércio justo na economia social

Fair trade (FT) organizations have been quite early taken as examples of social enterprises (SE) and have contributed to the shaping of the SE concept. The goal of this article is to examine more deeply, both at a conceptual and at an empirical level, to what extent FT organizations can be considered as social enterprises. First, we introduce different theoretical frameworks of SE and examine FT in the context of each of these frameworks. In a second step, we use an empirical study on fair trade social enterprises (FTSEs) across four European countries to illustrate and deepen the links between FT and SE, focusing on the goals and the governance structures of FTSEs. It appears that all FTSEs combine in some way economic, social and sometimes also political goals. FTSEs are thus in line with the “hybrid goal” nature of SEs. FTSEs’ governance is also quite specific and often innovative in terms of organizational architecture and stakeholders’ involvement. Some FTSEs are closer to the European – participatory – approach to social enterprise, while others are closer to US – individual – approaches. Finally, the governance structures of FTSEs seem to reflect quite well their mix of goals.Key words: social enterprise, fair trade, multiple goals, governance, Europe.

Explorando a diversidade do comércio justo na economia social

Fair trade (FT) organizations have been quite early taken as examples of social enterprises (SE) and have contributed to the shaping of the SE concept. The goal of this article is to examine more deeply, both at a conceptual and at an empirical level, to what extent FT organizations can be considered as social enterprises. First, we introduce different theoretical frameworks of SE and examine FT in the context of each of these frameworks. In a second step, we use an empirical study on fair trade social enterprises (FTSEs) across four European countries to illustrate and deepen the links between FT and SE, focusing on the goals and the governance structures of FTSEs. It appears that all FTSEs combine in some way economic, social and sometimes also political goals. FTSEs are thus in line with the “hybrid goal” nature of SEs. FTSEs’ governance is also quite specific and often innovative in terms of organizational architecture and stakeholders’ involvement. Some FTSEs are closer to the European – participatory – approach to social enterprise, while others are closer to US – individual – approaches. Finally, the governance structures of FTSEs seem to reflect quite well their mix of goals. Key words: social enterprise, fair trade, multiple goals, governance, Europe.

Are fair trade organisations necessarily social enterprises?

PurposeFair trade organisations (FTOs) have been taken quite early as examples of Social Enterprises (SE) and have contributed to the shaping of the SE concept. The purpose of this paper is to examine more deeply the link between FTOs and SE, both at a conceptual and at an empirical level.Design/methodology/approachFirst, different theoretical frameworks of SE are introduced and confront FT to each of these frameworks. The second step is an empirical study of FTOs across four European countries to illustrate and deepen the links between FT and SE, focusing on the goals and the governance structures of FTOs.FindingsAll the FTOs combine in some way economic, social and sometimes also political goals. FTOs are thus coherent to the “hybrid goals” nature of SEs. FTOs' governance is also quite specific and often innovative in terms of organisational architecture and stakeholders' involvement. Some FTOs are closer to the European – participatory – approach while others are closer to US – individual – approaches. Finally, the governance structures of FTOs seem to reflect quite well their goal mix.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides a more solid basis for the often implicit link between FT and SE. Future researches could use this work to explore specific topics of the SE literature in the context of FT (e.g. stakeholders' involvement). The FT example could also be used to examine further the shifting boundaries of the SE reality.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is to apply the SE concept to a specific field and to show how, within this field, there is at the same time a diversity of organisations, reflecting the diversity of SE approaches; and a range of specific features (especially in terms of goal mix and governance) distinguishing SEs from other types of organisations.