Example Of Length Research Articles

Vowels of Nubri from the Perspective of Other Tibetan Languages

This paper presents the first illustration of the vowel system of the Samagaun dialect of Nubri. We present acoustic data for the nine oral vowels and illustrate the contrastive nasalisation that may be added to three of these vowels. We provide examples of length and non-modal phonation (breathiness and creak), also found in Nubri, but assume that these are a function of tonal contrasts, and not orthogonal to the differences in pitch. We then position the Nubri vowel system in the context of a range of Tibetan languages and discuss challenges for classifying Nubri as Tibetic in the context of possible developments and etymologies of some key words.

Approximation of Boolean Functions by Local Search

Usually, local search methods are considered to be slow. In our paper, we present a simulated annealing-based local search algorithm for the approximation of Boolean functions with a proven time complexity that behaves relatively fast on randomly generated functions. The functions are represented by disjunctive normal forms (DNFs). Given a set of m uniformly distributed positive and negative examples of length n generated by a target function F(x1,…,xn), where the DNF consists of conjunctions with at most e literals only, the algorithm computes with high probability a hypothesis H of length m · e such that the error is zero on all examples. Our algorithm can be implemented easily and we obtained a relatively high percentage of correct classifications on test examples that were not presented in the learning phase. For example, for randomly generated F with n e 64 variables and a training set of m e 16384 examples, the error on the same number of test examples was about 19% on positive and 29% on negative examples, respectively. The proven complexity bound provides the basis for further studies on the average case complexity.

Comparison of optimal and local search methods for designing finite wordlength FIR digital filters

This paper presents a comparison between an optimal (branch-and-bound) algorithm and a suboptimal (loca search) algorithm for the design of finite wordlength finite-impulse-response (FIR) digital filters. Experimental results are described for 11 examples of length 15 to 35. We conclude that when computer resources are not available for the optimal method, it is still worth applying the local search method to the filter with rounded coefficients.