Example Of Municipality Research Articles

Problems and Prospects for Improving the Territorial Organization of Local Self-Government (On the Example of Municipalities of the Republic of Tyva)

The specificity of the socio-economic and ethno-cultural processes developing on the territory of the Republic of Tyva reflects the objective need for expert and scientific analysis of the problems of managing the territories of municipalities in the region in the general context of the transformation of the system of territorial organization of local self-government in Russia. The purpose of this study is to develop practical recommendations for improving the territorial organization of local self-government in the Republic of Tyva. In the article, based on the application of general scientific methods (logical method, comparative analysis and a systematic approach), the features of the territorial structure of local self-government in the Republic of Tuva are investigated, and the main problems of spatial and territorial development of municipalities are identified. A general conclusion is made that the republican government bodies, in cooperation with municipalities, need to jointly develop a draft “road map” for the transition to a single-level system of local self-government, taking into account the opinion of the population and repre-sentatives of the expert community. The author proposes a project of territorial reforms of local self-government in the region and gives a preliminary assessment of possible management decisions to transform the boundaries of the municipalities of the Tyva Republic (projected changes in population, area of municipalities, administrative and managerial effects, etc.).

Оценка реакции локальной финансовой системы на трансформацию структуры местного самоуправления

In the context of the reform of the local self-government system (LSG) in the Russian Federation, the consolidation of municipalities, the transition to a single-level system within the framework of the transformation of the structure of the LSG and the lack of funds to finance the development of municipalities, it is important to assess the reaction, the degree of activity of local budgets to government stimulus measures. It is necessary to understand the budgets of which type of municipalities (urban district or municipal district) they are reacting more actively to the controlling influences of state policy, which will more effectively stimulate the development of the municipalities in the conditions of financial constraints of government authorities. The article uses a methodological approach based on the maximin criterion and implemented on the example of municipalities of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) to assess the stability of the local financial system. The information base is the data of the Federal Treasury on the state of the consolidated municipal budgets of all 11 Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation for 2011–2020. It is shown that the formation of single-level LSG systems based on urban districts in the Magadan and Sakhalin regions did not lead to an increase in the activity of budgets of newly formed urban districts. The enlarged calculations performed on the data array of the municipalities of the FEFD indirectly confirmed the hypothesis expressed about the underestimation of the two-level system of local self-government and a certain overestimation of the single-level system of local self-government in the Far East. This poses a dilemma for regional governments – to maintain a two-level structure of municipalities in the region («municipal district – settlements») or to abandon municipal districts in favor of urban districts and a single-level system of LSG? It is shown that the development of inter-municipal cooperation can be an additional tool to support the financing of the institute of LSG

Интегральная оценка социальных детерминант общественного здоровья населения Калининградской области в контексте пандемии COVID-19 (муниципальный уровень)

Assessment of the impact of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the world community, its spread in different countries and regions is far from complete, which is confirmed by the scale of the study of the causes and factors of morbidity in different countries. The article is devoted to the issues of integral assessment and analysis of spatial features of inequality of social determinants of public health. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of social conditions on the spatial features of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic on the basis of an integral assessment of the impact on the incidence of social factors on the example of municipalities of the Kaliningrad Region. The authors collected data on individual municipalities on the incidence of COVID-19 and social factors for 2021. The list of social factors included: 1—the level of registered unemployment; 2—coverage of children with preschool education from the number of children of the appropriate age; 3—the number of conditional (minimum) set of food; 4—the proportion of families in need of improved housing conditions; 5—the proportion of citizens in the total population who enjoy social support for housing and communal services; 6—the number of registered crimes per 1 000 people; 7—openness and accessibility of information on the provision of medical services in outpatient settings; 8—the comfort of the conditions for providing medical services and the availability of receiving them on an outpatient basis. As an integral criterion for assessing the impact of social determinants on morbidity, a composite indicator characterizing the level of morbidity of the population (CI) is considered. Modeling of additive convolution of criteria based on the principles of ASPID methodology is used as the main method. This makes it possible to take into account non-numerical, inaccurate and incomplete information about criteria and their priority in evaluation studies. Cartographic models based on geographic information systems (GIS) are used to perform spatial analysis, visualize the level of morbidity and assess the impact of social determinants on morbidity. The study revealed spatial trends in the development of COVID-19 in the region and noted an increase in the incidence of the population. For most municipalities, the incidence rates exceed 60 cases per 1 000 people. Against the background of an increase in the level of morbidity, a feature of its spatial distribution was the leveling of the nature of morbidity within the region, accompanied by smoothing in the space of social inequalities. The analysis and assessment of the influence of various social factors on the spatial variability of coronavirus infection confirmed the conclusions previously made by the authors that the weight of the social determinants affecting COVID-19 changes over time and in space. The main factors contributing to inequality in public health in 2021, along with housing conditions, were the state of crime and employment of the population. The results of the correlation analysis confirm the presence of a negative correlation between the composite indicator (KP) and the incidence of COVID-19. In general, in 2021, the correlation relationships previously identified remain moderate in strength (0.30 < p < 0.49). As the results of the study have shown, the use of the ASPID method can provide important information to public authorities at all levels for decision-making and the development of necessary measures in emergency situations of an epidemic nature and health management in the regions.

Совершенствование межбюджетных отношений на региональном уровне (на примере Республики Крым)

In the modern conditions of political and economic instability in the economy, interbudgetary relations in the regional budgetary system are of particular importance, they can be additional sources, a “driving force”, provided they are improved in the process of application. The purpose of the study is to create a synthetic model for interbudgetary relations improvement in the budget system, expressed in the principles and instruments of state regional policy in relation to municipalities. The study of the budget distribution was carried out using information and analytical and retrospective analysis based on statistical, graphical and calculation methods. The result of the study is the creation of a synthetic model for interbudgetary relations’ improvement in the regional budgetary system, which includes: analysis of the revenues of the consolidated budget, which revealed their insufficiency to fulfill their powers to meet public needs; in the form of grants, subventions, subsidies and other interbudgetary transfers, since municipalities need independence, which is not in the level of balancing the budgets of municipalities through the budget equalization system, but in the promotion of social, economic, innovative development of regions, jobs creation to increase the welfare of the population. Improvement of interbudgetary relations depends largely on the economic development of the region and its municipalities. In the real sector of the economy, tax instruments are used, and the revenue part of the consolidated budget is formed. The regions need budgetary reforms aimed at measures to support the liquidity of budgets in terms of their sources development. The study was conducted on the example of municipalities of the Republic of Crimea.

Operating Surplus and its Importance in Financing Local Government Tasks on the Example of Municipalities of the Małopolskie Voivodeship

The operating surplus is a positive subtraction result of the revenue and current expenditures of a local government units. The level of operating surplus determines the scope and quality of task implementation, as well as investment and development opportunities of a local government unit. In periods of economic slowdown, the surplus can serve as a kind of buffer and guarantee for the continuous and effective functioning of a local government unit. The aim of the research was to assess the operating surplus and the ability to perform local government tasks based on the balance of current revenue and expenditure in the current economic conditions. The analysis was carried out on the example of the municipalities of the Małopolskie Voivodeship in Poland, and the research period covered the years 2014-2021. According to the conducted research, the most dynamic situation in the operating surplus development took place in urban municipalities. These municipalities maintained the highest average level of operating surplus, but it was characterized by large fluctuations, e.g. in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This may result from the fact of high budget revenues and the widest range of obligatory tasks, as well as from the sensitivity to economic changes of budget revenues that are significant in cities. As a consequence, the implementation of tasks in a continuous manner and at a constant level of quality in periods of downturn may be at risk in the case of these cities, and the lower level of operating surplus may force these local governments to incur liabilities.

Problems of illegal construction of real estate objects on the example of Krasnodar Territory

At present, the unauthorized occupation of land plots without a building permit, unauthorized seizure or non-compliance with the parameters of the permitted use of land in a number of regions of the country has the most significant problems in the land management system. The research presented in the article clearly shows the types of violations in the field of land legislation in the field of registered cases of unauthorized objects on the example of municipalities of the Krasnodar Territory. The ways of solving the problem of preventing and suppressing the facts of unauthorized construction are proposed.

Territory production potential

Based on the study of theoretical and methodological provisions on the region renewal, quality development and use of the resources, as well as the peculiarities of the regional production process, a methodological approach to the analysis of the potential of fixed assets of municipalities is proposed. The author's approach is based on the analysis of spatial unevenness of distribution, inter-territorial comparison, identification and analysis of the causes of changes caused by natural-geographical, socio-economic, administrative-territorial and other prevailing conditions. The proposed assessment technique has been tested on the example of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Application of GIS in spatial analysis of industry concentration: the case study of Tesanj municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

The focus of this study is a spatial analysis of the industry distribution and concentration, on the example of municipality of Tesanj (Bosnia and Herzegovina), based on the application of GIS methods. Municipality of Tesanj is one of the most developed municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Tesanj?s industry significantly contributes to the economic development of this country. GIS analysis of industry was based on the field work, locating and georeferencing industrial companies, acquisition, adaptation, adjustment and validation of digital surface models and google satellite imagery, mapping of relief, hydrography and transport network. With the aim of geovisualization of spatial distribution of industry, spatial descriptive statistics and non-parametric density estimation analysis (Kernel Density Estimation) were performed. In order to determine the distribution of industry in relation to relief (elevation, slope, and aspect), hydrography and transport network, GIS techniques of reclassification, vectorization, count point in polygons, buffer and clip geoprocessing tools were used. Conducted research provided a new insight into the data mining and visualization based on principles of QGIS, the effects of geographic factors on industry distribution, and confirmed the importance of relief, hydrographic and transport network on the concentration of industry in municipality Tesanj.

DIFFERENTIATION OF MUNICIPALITIES AND THE INFLUENCE OF FLAGSHIP ENTERPRISES ON THE LEVEL OF THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The article studies the impact of flagship enterprises on the level of socio-economic development of territories, the inflow of human capital and the intensification of entrepreneurial activity on the example of municipalities of three subjects of the Siberian Federal district by constructing a regression model. The paper reveals the significant level of differentiation of socio-economic development indicators for municipalities located within the same region. The study determines the high influence of the growth of the population incomes in the absence of a significant increase in the population on the aggregate indicator of territorial development, the gross municipal product in municipalities with flagship enterprises. The authors have identified the average impact of the flagship enterprises, in terms of stimulating the development of entrepreneurial activity, as well as revenue growth of companies operating in these enterprises.

Polarization of homogeneous groups of territorial entities

The aim of the study is to assess the polarity and polarization of the economic development of territories by homogeneous groups. The object of the study is the economic space of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subject of the research is the essence of polarity, polarization and leveling in the socio-economic development of territorial entities. The research methods are comparative, logical, statistical analysis, the analysis of structure and dynamics, graphical interpretation of the results. The author proposes an original method for assessing the polarity and polarization of the spatial development of the region. The method was tested on the example of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The paper presents a graphical model of polarization and leveling of polarization by typological homogeneous groups of municipalities. Homogeneous groups are characterized by the presence of a significant relationship between indicators of macroeconomic dynamics, the content of internal structural interactions and dynamic changes in spatial structure. According to the types of polarization the author presents strategies for advancing and catching up development, strategies for equalizing with stagnation, the formation of a gap. The article shows optimal leveling limits. The author draws a conclusion, that among municipal districts of the same typological group, gaps are formed and further polarization occurs. The paper detects that, despite the difference between homogeneous groups of municipalities on the socio-economic level, the processes of polarization are similar for each indicator. The study concludes about a unified system of management policy in the region for all municipalities.

Technology as a stimulus for the development of creative capital at the local level on the example of municipalities of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Motivation: Development is influenced by various determinants whose strength, direction and range of influence change over time. Creative capital is considered to be a variable that affects the development of countries and cities. The concept of creative capital results from the theory of R. Florida, which defines them by presenting the assumptions of the creative class. Both technology, talent and tolerance are factors that affect local development but, according to the concept mentioned above, they also stimulate the development of creative capital. Aim: The purpose of the paper is to assess technology as determinants of the development of creative capital in the communes of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Results: The author’s modification of Florida’s methodology related to one of the criteria, i.e. technology is a novelty in the research approach is. It is also a new approach to technology analysis as determinants not only of local development but also of creative capital at the local level. Features indicating technology assessed using statistical data place the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in a lower position compared to the whole country. Only the share of newly registered creative sector entities is close to the result for Poland. The assessment, which applied indirect measures, shows that technological conditions in municipalities to the largest extent describe the ability of people to use specialized knowledge in the municipality in their work and personal life. Technology, which determines development, and also indicates the advancement of society, is important at the global level but also at the local level as evidenced by responses regarding openness to new technologies. The comparison of both groups of respondents shows that the possibilities of developing creative capital through the lens of features describing technology were rated by residents of municipalities rather than officials.

THEORETICAL ISSUES OF THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN UDMURTIA

The article discusses current issues of reforming the territorial organization of local self-government in order to improve the quality of resolving issues of local importance, fixed by federal law for certain types of municipalities. The legal literature currently summarizes the law enforcement practice on this issue, which indicates the presence of a number of problems that need to be resolved. These include the discrepancy between the objects of competence and the powers and territories ensuring their implementation. Some controversial aspects are considered in this article: the directions of reforming the territorial organization of local self-government and attributes of municipalities are identified; the basic regulatory acts in a temporary context and their effect in modern condition are analyzed; the levels of territorial organization are indicated and the difficulties of resolving issues of local importance are revealed. Finally, using the example of municipalities of the Udmurt Republic, the main approaches to the reorganization of inefficient territories related to municipal management are explained, which justifies the expediency of municipal reform and the need for its generalization in scientific research.

Suburbanizacja strefy podmiejskiej Lublina

W artykule podjęto problematykę dotyczącą suburbanizacji strefy podmiejskiej na przykładzie gmin przyległych do miasta Lublin: Głuska, Jastkowa, Konopnicy, Niedrzwicy Dużej, Niemiec oraz Wólki. Celem badań było wskazanie specyfiki procesu suburbanizacji i zmian w latach 1995-2017 w strefie podmiejskiej, na przykładzie wymienionych gmin. W opracowaniu uwzględniono wymiar demograficzny i ekonomiczny zmian. Oceny procesu suburbanizacji strefy podmiejskiej Lublina dokonano na podstawie liczby ludności w gminach, zmian w poziomie migracji z miast do gmin ościennych Lublina, liczby osób prowadzących działalność gospodarczą, liczby podmiotów gospodarczych funkcjonujących na terenie gminy, struktury zatrudnienia i liczby mieszkań. W opracowaniu wykorzystano literaturę przedmiotu oraz dostępne statystyki Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS.

Estimation of the Tourism Potential of the Municipal Divisions in Novosibirsk Region on the Basis of Classification Methods

The article presents the study of practical aspects in estimation of region tourism potential which bases on classification methods. Comparative evaluation of territory tourism potential by the example of municipalities in the Novosibirsk region was made and then most prospective and investment-attractive districts were determined.

Wsparcie gmin dla instalacji odnawialnych źródeł energii na przykładzie gminy Łomża

Głównym celem artykułu jest pokazanie mechanizmów wsparcia dla odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE), jakimi dysponują jednostki samorządu terytorialnego na przykładzie gminy Łomża. W pierwszej części artykułu autor wskazuje prawne podstawy wspierania instalacji wytwarzających energię z odnawialnych źródeł, znajdujące się w aktach prawa krajowego i wspólnotowego. Oprócz tego zostały w nim opisane istotne z punktu odnawialnych źródeł energii konstrukcje jak klaster energii czy system generacji rozproszonej, kluczowe dla rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii. W drugiej części artykułu zawarto charakterystykę gminy Łomża pod kątem położenia, klimatu i panujących w niej warunków naturalnych; opisano również realizowane przez gminę plany i projekty a także inne mechanizmywsparcia, z których korzysta gmina Łomża.

Differences in accessing Rrural Development Programme (RDP) funds. The impact of financial factors on the support level. The example of municipalities in the Wielkopolska region

The objective of this paper is to assess the absorption level of funds disbursed under the 2007-2013 RDP to municipal government units and the impact of financial determinants on the amount of funds accessed. Intensive investment activities were have been taken in the Polish rural areas over the recent years. Many of them were implemented with the use of the EU subsidies, including those disbursed under the 2007-2013 RDP. The purpose of the RDP was to support transformation not only in the agriculture sector, but also on rural areas, especially as regards technical and socio-economic infrastructure. In the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, a total of 463 projects were implemented, amounting to PLN 722 million. Environmental infrastructure projects represented the largest share in the total amount although socio-economic projects were much more numerous. The municipalities under consideration differed in levels of the EU funds accessed. This means the beneficiary’s financial autonomy is a crucial determinant, especially if the EU funds are disbursed as a refund. In less wealthy municipalities, that solution may effectively constrain access to large amounts of aid. Also, by allocating funds to other investments, the municipalities restrict their investment potential and often become unable to implement subsequent investment projects.

Practical approval of the rating assessment of the budget potential of the territory

In the article the authors consider the issues of ensuring sustainable development of territories on the example of municipalities, methods of monitoring and evaluating the rating of a municipality, in particular, investigate the possibility of compiling a comprehensive rating for assessing the budget potential of a territory in order to analyze its impact on sustainable development. The authors also analyze the satisfaction of the population of municipalities with the activities of local authorities, including on the basis of an assessment of budgetary performance indicators. The authors suggest possible directions for applying the approved methodology for rating the sustainable development of municipalities to form a territory development strategy.

The condition of participatory planning in Serbia and how it can be improved

Participatory planning theory, as a system of planning which is sensitive to the aspirations of citizens and protects public interest and values, is present in Serbian planning practice for more than a decade. It has legal basis and methodology modeled on global experience, but it is still very much reactionary model - thus it failed to fulfil its primary purpose, which is to include the citizens in the planning process from the very beginning. This article will address the current overview of the planning process in Serbia. It will briefly explain the legislative framework of public participation in spatial development, the steps in plan drafting process in which citizens are included and the political background of this process. It is important to mention the existing models of informing citizens and show why they work so poorly. It will also give a brief overview on the structure and work of the committee for approval of the plans. This summarizing of the current situation will show the problem of indifference of citizens to engage in the planning process as a coherent group with problems, visions and goals about their city. It will also address inadequate models of informing the citizens and almost non-existing models of active participation of citizens in the planning process. Besides the review of the current state, this article will feature a description of participation techniques from a literature review on the subject of participatory planning that can be applied in Serbia. Shifting the scale from national to municipality level, this article will also depict the opportunities and administrative constraints when it comes to drafting a spatial plan on a local scale, on the example of municipality of Požega. This is one of the rare examples of good practice when it comes to the communication of municipality and its inhabitants involved in the planning process.

Les incidences du changement climatique sur l’espace pastoral steppique de l’Algérie occidentale (cas de la commune de Ras El Ma)

Depuis une vingtaine d’annees, les steppes algeriennes connaissent des modifications profondes dans l’occupation et la gestion de l’espace, associees a une rupture de l’equilibre entre les systemes de production pastoraux et les ressources disponibles. Nous montrons, a partir de l’exemple de la commune de Ras El Ma, que cette rupture d’equilibre s’explique en grande partie par une aggravation des contraintes liee aux evolutions du climat, mais qu’elle est renforcee egalement par des mutations liees a l’evolution des societes, qui s’expliquent elles-memes en partie par les evolutions du climat. En effet, les contraintes liees au nouveau contexte bioclimatique ont entraine certaines formes d’adaptation comme le passage d’un systeme pastoral a un systeme agro-pastoral avec extension de la cerealiculture. Celles-ci n’ont fait qu’amplifier les impacts sur le milieu et l’ampleur de la crise pastorale, avec l’introduction de techniques inadaptees a la fragilite du milieu steppique. Cet exemple souligne l’importance d’une prise en compte des interactions societes-milieux dans l’analyse des enjeux du changement climatique.

Cartographic modeling of the population density in the function of research of spatial-demographical relations

Cartographic modeling of the population density by a diagram map method (comparative way of semioscale mapping) and by a method of cartogram, enables presentation of the information about current spatial-demographical relations in a systematic, comparative, metrical, synoptic and suitable way, relevant for different aspects of specific research. Through methods of the cartographic information forms various types of population density are included: general, general agrarian, specific agrarian, agrarian-productive density and valorized agrarian population density. Chosen and applied cartographical methods, by modeling of the population density, enable to view them and express in a more apparent spatial graphical-analytical way. Applied semiometrics tends to realize the results of the numerical values of the parameters of the subject area via figures of symbols. Different types of population density are shown on the coordinate graph which enables their comparison as well as their status regarding the average values of the subject area. Cartographic modeling of the population density enables analytic and synthetic approach in researching and evaluating of the quantities and quality characteristics of the presented categories, which are functionally connected and determined, for the purpose of highlighting the typical, specific and essential. Application of the cartographic methods in modeling of the population density is shown in the example of municipalities in districts of Bor and Zajecar for 2002, where the spatial differentiation of the population density was explicit.