Example Of Intangible Heritage Research Articles

Understanding Gold Textiles: Case Studies of Gold Threads from the Bronze Age and Antiquity in Europe

The production of textiles, in terms of weaving techniques, has a long history in Europe, and dates back to the Stone Age, the time during which the first farming communities arrived in the Mediterranean and Central Europe, in the 7th/6th millennium BC. The first evidence of textile tools, like spindle whorls and loom weights, demonstrate that people made an important step forward in mechanizing this craft, not only twisting fibers and interlacing strands purely by hand, but also inventing tools to increase efficiency. Through the development of textile techniques, we see the unleashing of enormous creative power that stimulated even more advanced techniques to create specific structures and patterns — these still form an important part of our European cultural heritage, which was also studied with the COST Action Euro Web. As an example, the art of blue dyeing has been listed by UNESCO as an example of Intangible Heritage in Austria, Slovenia, Czech Republic, and Slovakia since 2018;1 all over the world, different techniques have been awarded Textile Intangible Cultural Heritage status.2 To preserve craft knowledge for the future, it is important to understand details on ancient weaving techniques. This knowledge might not only be used for research and science communication, but also could potentially be integrated into the daily lives of modern people. The case studies presented here will centre on the incorporation of gold threads into textiles, a method of decoration which has been found across different time periods and areas in Europe and the Mediterranean.3 In this contribution, we focus on Late Bronze Age contexts, like Ebreichsdorf and Vösendorf in Austria and Óbuda in Hungary, as well as others from the Roman Period, such as Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Oplantis in Italy. Reconstructing textiles from European archaeological contexts that are thousands of years old is a demanding task. Contrary to other parts of the world, the environmental conditions in most areas of Europe are not conducive to the preservation of organic remains in general, and textile materials in particular.4 In fact, and while exceptions do exist (see below), direct evidence for the textile component of the material worlds of prehistoric and ancient Europe is, for the most part, fragmentary and incomplete. This being said, there are several different strands of evidence that can be used to achieve empirically grounded scientific reconstructions of the types of textiles used during this period across Europe. The main sources for such reconstructions can be divided into several categories: Archaeological sources (textiles and their scientific analysis, tools); iconographic sources; written sources; ethnographic/folkloristic evidence; and experimental archaeology.

HERITAGE OF "THE CITY OF LIGHTS"

The term "heritage" describes the natural, cultural, and historical resources that have been passed down through generations and are valuable to both the present and the future. A society's history, traditions, beliefs, and customs are represented by both concrete and abstract elements known as "cultural heritage". Physical treasures, like monuments, structures, artefacts, documents, and landscapes, are examples of tangible heritage. These sites and artefacts are frequently regarded as important to a culture's memory, history, and identity. Cultural practices, customs, traditions, and knowledge are examples of intangible heritage.

Is "Authentic Tourism" a means of preserving living cultural heritage?

The goal of this paper is to question the idea of authenticity in the tourist industry, using the Old City of Akko (north Israel) as a case study. It will question the ability of tourism to serve as a tool for preserving living-cultural- heritage. Is there "authenticity" in tourism? Is cultural-based-tourism a means of preserving intangible heritage? Does cultural-based-heritage recreate heritage, invent heritage or is it just a means of creating experiences? Situated on a peninsula in North Israel, the old city of Akko is a vertical of many historical layers, from 5000 years ago till date. Imprints of tangible heritage from all periods and living intangible cultural heritage entwine with each other in the ancient allies of the city. Intensive excavations uncovered massive Middle-aged Crusader remains dated to the 12th and 13th century. They lie beneath the existing Ottoman fortified city, constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries. Akko of today is a vibrant city. Residents reside within these Ottoman buildings constructed 300 years ago. Updated research indicates that the cultural heritage of Akko includes many additional values. These include intangible heritage values that are practiced by these residents in the historic allies. This ‘Living Heritage’ is linked to the current community of the city and represents the ‘continuity’ of traditions and practices that comprise living dimensions and the continuity of traditions, skills, and craftspeople. Successful scientific research methods, documentation and safeguarding procedures of these intangible values are still developing. This paper will present examples of intangible heritage in the Historical Urban Landscapes of Akko and will question the ability of new touristic initiatives as a means of preserving this heritage and the spirit of the city. Some of these examples are led by the locals but most of the new initiatives are belong to entrepreneurs new to the city. They all offer an authentic experience in the city. They suggest a combination of visits to the main tourist attractions developed by the authorities and an opportunity to encounter living-traditional-culture aspects in the city. They include tours with local guides, living-in local houses, participating-in local traditional meals with the residents, meeting and watching various craftsmen or joining traditional community events. For tourists, these are unique opportunities that could be called "authentic experiences". For tourist experts these experiences are often regarded as means to present rare cultural heritage aspects. For the authorities, these experiences are regarded as new development resources and tools. For the locals these are new economic opportunities. So, is this a win-win-win-win situation? Are these initiatives means to preserve and safeguard the authentic intangible heritage values and the unique spirit of the city?

Kulturowe i duchowe dziedzictwo narodów bałkańskich w kontekście dokumentów UNESCO ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem serbskiej slavy

The article titled „Cultural and spiritual heritage of the peoples of the Balkans in the context of UNESCO documents on the example of Serbia” consists of three main parts. The first one contains a description of the cultural heritage of humanity in the light of the international instruments and presents selected theoretical concepts concerning the discussed topics. The second part refers to the cultural heritage of selected Balkan nations, the next part of the Serbian Slava presented as an example of intangible heritage of humanity nations of southern Slavs. The text contains an introduction and conclusions.

The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Wales: a Need for Safeguarding

In the last decade, appearances of the Mari Lwyd have steadily increased during winter time in Wales. A tradition based around the decoration of a horse’s skull, regulated competitive verse and song, and community integration, would in many other parts of the world be acknowledged and celebrated as intangible cultural heritage. Yet, while the number of nations to have ratified the UNESCO Convention on the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage continues to grow on an annual basis, no such examples can be found in Wales however, or any other part of the United Kingdom, due to a continuing position of reticence from the Westminster government toward the convention. Does this lack of ratification indicate that Wales is not home to any examples of intangible cultural heritage? This article explores the notion of whether Wales is home to any valid forms of intangible cultural heritage, before challenging whether the same vulnerability seen in many of the international examples of intangible heritage can be illustrated in Wales. Ultimately this will argue that Welsh intangible cultural heritage is an important, living component of contemporary Welsh culture, and that UK ratification of the treaty, rather than being something that might be desired in Wales, should in fact be considered as a necessity.

Dynamics of Informal Networking: Two Studies of Cattle Draft in the Perspective of Deeper Time

At the present time, two thirds of the world’s farmers work with draft animals, most especially cattle. This has become exceptional in Europe, but such practices are today attracting attention as an example of intangible heritage seen in the new light of sustainability. This study is two‐pronged, focusing on the promotion of cattle draft through informal networking today and on an early medieval example of the process of engaging with technological change involving both material and immaterial heritage.