Example Of Comparative Analysis Research Articles

On using pairwise comparison in the analytic hierarchy process: Validity is goal while consistency is means

To improve the quality of decision-making, the judgments of experts should be properly elicited. Pairwise Comparison (PC), kernel of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), is a prevalent method to manifest human judgments in Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). This study proposes a pragmatic guideline for using the PC matrix in the AHP to help decision makers (DMs) improve their decisions. First, extensive computer simulations indicate that, without strong evidence of linear relationship between an inconsistency index of a PC matrix and validity of priority vector derived from that matrix, it is questionable to set a threshold for this index to determine whether a PC matrix acceptable. Second, to resolve this problem, we propose a scale-validity (SV) index as an effective proxy for evaluating the validity of derived priority vector. Third, by integrating two paradigms (deterministic vs. statistical), we suggest a pragmatic guideline for DMs who have different epistemological views of inconsistency in order to improve their decision when using the AHP. To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, four examples of comparative analysis are illustrated. Finally, we summarize the results, contributions, and suggestions.

VOLMAP: a Large Scale Benchmark for Volume Mappings to Simple Base Domains

AbstractCorrespondences between geometric domains (mappings) are ubiquitous in computer graphics and engineering, both for a variety of downstream applications and as core building blocks for higher level algorithms. In particular, mapping a shape to a convex or star‐shaped domain with simple geometry is a fundamental module in existing pipelines for mesh generation, solid texturing, generation of shape correspondences, advanced manufacturing etc. For the case of surfaces, computing such a mapping with guarantees of injectivity is a solved problem. Conversely, robust algorithms for the generation of injective volume mappings to simple polytopes are yet to be found, making this a fundamental open problem in volume mesh processing. VOLMAP is a large scale benchmark aimed to support ongoing research in volume mapping algorithms. The dataset contains 4.7K tetrahedral meshes, whose boundary vertices are mapped to a variety of simple domains, either convex or star‐shaped. This data constitutes the input for candidate algorithms, which are then required to position interior vertices in the domain to obtain a volume map. Overall, this yields more than 22K alternative test cases. VOLMAP also comprises tools to process this data, analyze the resulting maps, and extend the dataset with new meshes, boundary maps and base domains. This article provides a brief overview of the field, discussing its importance and the lack of effective techniques. We then introduce both the dataset and its major features. An example of comparative analysis between two existing methods is also present.

Metoda VECD jako narzędzie do oceny trwałości zmęczeniowej konstrukcji nawierzchni

Postęp technologiczny i wprowadzenie do stosowania zaawansowanych materiałów o ponadstandardowych właściwościach, np. mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych z lepiszczami wysokomodyfikowanymi polimerami HiMA (ang. highly modified asphalt), wymaga poszukiwania metody umożliwiającej kompleksowe uwzględnienie cech tych materiałów w obliczeniach. Jedną z takich metod może być metoda wykorzystująca model rozproszonego niszczenia w ośrodku lepkosprężystym (ang. viscoelastic continuum damage model, VECD). W artykule zaprezentowano metodologię opartą na modelu VECD oraz możliwości, jakie daje przy wymiarowaniu nawierzchni drogowych. Opisano poszczególne komponenty metody: analogię sprężysto-lepkosprężystą, mechanikę rozproszonego niszczenia i zasadę równoważności temperaturowo-czasowej z przyrostowym niszczeniem. Przedstawiono rów¬nież koncepcję uproszczonych obliczeń w metodzie S-VECD (ang. simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model). Artykuł zawiera opisy opracowanych kryteriów zniszczenia. Przybliżono również metody badań, które dostarczają danych wejściowych. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono przykładową analizę porównawczą z wykorzystaniem metody S-VECD dla konstrukcji z mieszankami mineralno-asfaltowymi z HiMA w warstwie podbudowy i mieszankami mineralno-asfaltowymi z HiMA we wszystkich warstwach.

КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ СРАВНЕНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА УПАКОВОЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

A computer system was described for comparison of life cycle characteristics of packaging materials. The system allows, at given requirements for packaging materials, to evaluate the complex of properties of packaging materials, to calculate specific and generalized criteria for evaluating packaging materials and to provide the user with the opportunity to choose the most suitable packaging material based on the results. The developed system includes a library of customizable criteria, a database of rules for selecting packages, databases of life cycle stages, packages, packaging materials, and characteristics of packaging materials. The system was tested on the example of comparative analysis of the process of production of raw materials for packages and manufacturing packages, which may include fresh raw materials and recycled resources. Testing results confirmed the computer system operability and possibility of using it for a comprehensive assessment of the life cycle of the production of packaging materials taking into account environmental safety, consumer and economic characteristics.

On the genre and performance peculiarities of J. S. Bach’s choral fugue (on the example of comparative analysis of BWV 131 and BWV 131a)

On the genre and performance peculiarities of J. S. Bach’s choral fugue (on the example of comparative analysis of BWV 131 and BWV 131a)

Comparatismo latinoamericano: una teoría cultural entre lo comarcano y lo supranacional

El artículo postula el desarrollo de una teoría y un método comparatista para estudiar la literatura y la cultura latinoamericanas, en vista de las insuficiencias y las pretensiones de los enfoques que proceden de las academias centrales y mantienen la dependencia de América Latina. El comparatismo propuesto articula la dimensión comarcana, que despunta en los escritos de Ángel Rama y permite organizar segmentos dentro de la cultura continental, y la dimensión supranacional que aspira a operar como síntesis respecto de los abordajes transnacionales. Además de establecer los principios de este comparatismo que se aparta de la formulación clásica del método e incorpora teorías propiamente latinoamericanas, el texto desarrolla un ejemplo puntual de ejercicio comparatista, focalizado sobre una de las mayores urgencias de integración dentro de América Latina: el Caribe francés.

Russian Anthroponyms and their Role in the Process of Acculturation of Chinese Students (on the Example of Comparative Analysis)

Russian Anthroponyms and their Role in the Process of Acculturation of Chinese Students (on the Example of Comparative Analysis)

Institutionalization energy strategies of Russia and the EU on the example of comparative analysis of documents of long-term planning in the field of energy

Institutionalization energy strategies of Russia and the EU on the example of comparative analysis of documents of long-term planning in the field of energy

ON THE WRITER’S CROSSROADS: E.N. CHIRIKOV, A.L. TOLSTAYA, A.N. TOLSTOY

The article attempts to consider the biographical and creative relations and mutual influence of three masters of the pen E.N. Chirikov, on the one hand, and A.N. Tolstoy and his mother A.L. Tolstaya, on the other hand. Introduced in Samara in the 1890-ies, E. Chirikov and Tolstoy maintained relationships and maintained interest in each others work for many decades, as evidenced by correspondence, memoirs and works of art containing direct and indirect traces their mutual influence on each other. The latter is proved by the example of comparative analysis of the collected book by A.L. Tolstoy Backwater with the early stories of E.N. Chirikov The Invalids and Strangers, as well as the Mermaid Tales by A.N. Tolstoy with the Volga Tales by E.N.Chirikov. There are similarities and differences between the Samara works of A. Tolstoy and the works of E. Chirikov written under the impression of life in Samara; similarities relate to the function of urban landscape in the works of two writers, the character of the image of the urban society, as well as the image of the main characters attempts (heroes) to break the cycle of everyday life and break out of the provincial reality, or to prove its inconsistency. The study of E. Chirikov and A. Tolstoys mutual influence was carried out on the material of the Volga Fairy Tales of the first and Shredded Tales of the second, analysis of which revealed the following: in both cases the fairytale allowed the writers to stop biographical experience, reality to enter with it into new value relations, or, in other words, fabulousness ensured the achievement of that very aesthetic distance, without which the artistic development of reality was impossible, which in the case of Tolstoy was still unfamiliar to him as a young writer, and in the case of Chirikov too famous. The result of this consideration is the reconstruction of historical-literary plot, which was still outside the limits of literary scholarly attention.

Simplified design method and seismic performance of space trusses with consideration of the influence of the stiffness of their lower supporting columns

Static and dynamic force performance of two types of space truss structures i.e. square pyramid space truss (SPST) and diagonal on square pyramid space truss (DSPST), are studied to determine the effect of stiffness of their lower supporting members. A simplified model for the supporting columns and the equivalent spring mass system are presented. Furthermore, the feasibility of the simplified model is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and examples of comparative analysis of the simplified model with the entire model. Meanwhile, from the elastic analysis under frequently occurring earthquakes and elasto-plastic analysis under seldom occurring earthquakes subjected to TAFT and EL-Centro seismic oscillation it is shown that the simplified method can be encompassed in the results from the normal model. It also showed good agreement between the two methods, as well as greatly improved the computational efficiency. This study verified that the dynamic effect of the supporting structures was under considered in space truss design in the past. The method proposed in the paper has important significance for other space truss structures.

Using linux device drivers for static verification tools benchmarking

The Linux Driver Verification system is designed for static analysis of the source code of Linux kernel space device drivers. In this paper, we describe the architecture of the verification system, including the integration of third-party tools for static verification of C programs. We consider characteristics of the Linux drivers source code that are important from the viewpoint of verification algorithms and give examples of comparative analysis of different verification tools, as well as different versions and configurations of a given tool.

Comparing bacterial community fingerprints from white colonizations in Altamira Cave (Spain)

Monitoring bacterial communities is critical for assessing biodeterioration among other processes. This study presents a strategy and an example of comparative analysis of bacterial communities developing in a cave environment, Altamira Cave which contains unique paleolithic paintings. The analyzed question was whether white colonizations discovered throughout the cave corresponded to similar or different bacterial communities. Molecular fingerprints were obtained by PCR–DGGE from DNA and RNA and statistically compared. Results based on DNA analysis showed that a similar bacterial community was present in white colonizations throughout the cave. Fingerprints based on RNA confirmed the similarity of the major metabolically active components of these communities. The proposed procedure confirmed that white colonizations in Altamira Cave were a consequence of the development of a single complex bacterial community, and the method proves to be highly useful for comparative analysis of microbial communities, including biodeteriorating processes and any other comparative analysis of bacterial communities.

Review Essay: The Uses of Comparative Arbitration Law: Comparative Law of International Arbitration by Jean-Francois Poudret and Sebastien Besson. Published by Sweet & Maxwell (2007).

The father of modern comparative law, Charles-Louis de Secondat (better known as Montesquieu, author of De l’esprit des lois ) once suggested that true genius lies in knowing when uniformity is needed and when diversity will be appropriate.1 The world of international arbitration provides a fertile testing ground for this thesis. For the true scholar, the study of comparative law serves first and foremost as a source of knowledge to fuel mature reflection. An appreciation of how things are done in other cultures can counteract the silly smugness often engendered by excessive and self-regarding preoccupation with purely local doctrinal disputes.2 Moving to the practical world of cross-border dispute resolution, comparative law also provides a powerful tool for designing the legal framework regulating the interaction of judge and arbitrator. By making decision-makers more aware of the spectrum of solutions available to address problems common to several legal systems, comparative law study can suggest options better than the ones already tested in the observer’s own space and time. Examining contrasts between national legal systems plays a role in the evolution of judge-made law as well as in drafting uniform statutes. In turn, such legal harmonisation can facilitate international economic cooperation by reducing the risks of cross-border economic ventures.3 Montesquieu’s Helvetic successors (several generations removed) have provided a truly superb example of comparative analysis at its best. Several years ago, Prof. Poudret and Dr. Besson gave the francophone their joint treatise4 containing an insightful and comprehensive examination of how national laws affect international arbitration. The updated second edition now brings their work to English-speaking lawyers. What sets this treatise apart is its detailed evaluation of national statutes and case law, skilfully teasing out the nuances in both practice and theory. These two Swiss scholars compare the law in eight countries: …

InterPro as a new tool for complete genome analysis: An example of comparative analysis

InterPro, an integrated documentation resource for protein families, protein domains, and functional sites, was developed to amalgamate the individual efforts of the PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam, and ProDom databases. InterPro can be used for the computational functional classification of newly determined amino acid sequences that lack biochemical characterization and for comparative genome analysis. InterPro contains over 3500 entries for more than 1 000 000 hits in SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL. The database is accessible for text-and sequence-based searches at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/. InterPro was used for the complete analysis of the proteome of the pathogenic microorganism Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the comparison with the predicted protein-coding sequences of the complete genomes of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. It was found that 64.8% of proteins in the proteome of M. tuberculosis matched InterPro entries and can be classified by their functions. The comparison with B. subtilis and E. coli provided information on the most common protein families and domains and on the most highly represented protein families in each organism. Thus, InterPro is a useful tool for general comparison of complete proteomes and their compositions.

Clifford Darby: an appreciation

Clifford Darby's considerable influence on historical geography reflects both the originality of his research and his impact as a teacher on successive generations of students at Cambridge, Liverpool and University College London. Since graduating at Cambridge in Geography in 1928 (at an age when many presentday undergraduates are just going up to university) his writings over sixty years have been wide-ranging but marked by considerable and singular consistency in their objectives and methodology. It is this which, despite their primary focus on England, gives Darby's work a universality which has been a model for studies in historical geography in many parts of the world. His impeccable scholarship is based on fidelity to the historical record; scrupulous care in interpreting and remaining within the (largely) written evidence; and an emphasis on the analysis of geographical features--the spatial patterns and landscape--of the problem or area under consideration. Much of his own research and that of many of his students has been based on the geographical interpretation of major historical records. His Domesday geographies, while regarded by some commentators as cautious and unnecessarily concentrated upon the great Survey itself, are one of the single most influential pieces of historical and geographical scholarship of the past fifty years, a remarkably sustained and consistent example of comparative analysis, the full impact of which emerges in the concluding volume. 1q Domesday geographies also generated numerous parallel studies of population and wealth in medieval and early modern England through studies of the Poll Tax, Lay Subsidies and the like. I21 They also influenced research on the geographical analysis of other major historical records--the Tithe Returns, the 1801 Crop Returns, the Census--carried out, frequently by Darby's pupils, over the past forty years. I31 Grounded firmly in map analysis and usually focused on a specific time period, they demonstrate the effectiveness of this pragmatic, empirical approach to the writing of historical geography. A second feature of Darby's writings reflects the importance of formative influences in his training and early research. He himself has recalled the emphasis on the role of geographical influences on and of the need to reconstruct, over time, changes in the environment and human activities of particular areas. N His early published papers, especially two on The role of the in English history (1931) and The medieval sea state (1932) evidence the influence of the strong tradition in English academic history, dating back to the mid-nineteenth century, of the study of the geography behind history. I51 His Fenland in English history paper was delivered in the afternoon of Wednesday August 13th 1931 in the University of Li6ge, at a session on Physical