Examination Review Research Articles

Challenges and Solutions in Postoperative Complications: A Narrative Review in General Surgery.

In general surgery, the goal of achieving favorable results following surgical procedures is consistently impeded by the intricate range of postoperative problems. This abstract summarizes a comprehensive narrative study that examines the numerous difficulties associated with postoperative complications and investigates potential remedies. With the progress of surgical practices, the intricacies of complications also increase, requiring a flexible comprehension of the diverse scenarios. This review examines the many factors contributing to postoperative complications, including patient-specific variables and advancing surgical procedures. It also explores the broader consequences of these problems on individual patients and healthcare systems. The economic results, such as extended hospitalizations and increased allocation of resources, highlight the need for specific solutions. This abstract also emphasizes the review's examination of novel methodologies, technology incorporations, and cooperative tactics as potential transformative factors. This abstract provides an overview of the ongoing efforts to change how postoperative complications are understood in general surgery. It highlights the importance of taking preventive measures and adopting a comprehensive approach to patient care.

Commercial artificial intelligence lateral cephalometric analysis: part 2-effects of human examiners on artificial intelligence performance, a pilot study.

At the current technology level, a human examiner's review must be accompanied to compensate for the insufficient commercial artificial intelligence (AI) performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the human examiner's expertise on the efficacy of AI analysis, including time-saving and error reduction. Eighty-four pretreatment cephalograms were randomly selected for this study. First, human examiners (one beginner and two regular examiners) manually detected 15 cephalometric landmarks and measured the required time. Subsequently, commercial AI services automatically identified these landmarks. Finally, the human examiners reviewed the AI landmark determination and adjusted them as needed while measuring the time required for the review process. Then, the elapsed time was compared statistically. Systematic and random errors among examiners (human examiners, AI and their combinations) were assessed using the Bland-Altman analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to estimate the inter-examiner reliability. No clinically significant time difference was observed regardless of AI use. AI measurement error decreased substantially after the review of the human examiner. From the standpoint of the human examiner, beginners could obtain better results than manual landmarking. However, the AI review outcomes of the regular examiner were not as good as those of manual analysis, possibly due to AI-dependent landmark decisions. The reliability of AI analysis could also be improved by employing the human examiner's review. Although the time-saving effect was not evident, commercial AI cephalometric services are currently recommendable for beginners.

The Role of Budget and Financial Reform in Making Government Work Better and Cost Less

Budgeting and Financial Management play a crucial role in organizing and disciplining the federal management culture. Consequently, addressing improvements in their practice is essential in the National Performance Review's examination of government‐wide management systems. This article briefly describes the recommendations and anticipated implementing actions relating to budgeting and financial management within the context of the National Performance Review's themes of cutting red tape, putting customers first, empowering employees to get results, and cutting back to basics. External factors, such as innovations in private sector management practices, rapid changes in information technology, and statutory reforms such as the Government Performance and Results Act, also influence needed changes in budgetary and financial management practices.

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:RESTORATION OF THE ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TOOTH, by H. T. Shillingburg Jr., and J. C. Kessler.ESTHETIC GUIDELINES FOR RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, edited by P. Scharer, L. A. Rinn, and F. R. Kopp.PATHWAYS OF THE PULP, edited by S. Cohen, and R. C. Burns.1983 YEAR BOOK OF DENTISTRY. Editor‐in‐Chief D. W. Cohen.DENTAL EXAMINATION REVIEW, by A. F. Gardner.