Examination Committee Research Articles

薬剤師による国民健康保険診療報酬審査 （Ｉ） 調剤レセプト審査の現状と問題点

The pharmacist-examiner's business at the National Health Insurance Examination Committee of Medical Fees (NHIECMF) in Fukushima Prefecture is described. The most important business of pharmacist-examiner in the committee comprises two parts. One is examination of the pharmacist's fee claim forms and the issue of cautions, and the other is the explanation of various notifications concerning medicine at conferences attended by all examiners including doctors and dentists.We recognize four problems concerning the pharmacist-examiner's role in NHIECMF system:1) The number of pharmacist-examiner is so few that pharmacist-examiner can hardly contribute to safe and cost-effective use of medicines, 2) The pharmacist-examiner has no power to delete medical fees for unnecessary treatments, 3) The pharmacist-examiner cannot confirm whether the usage of medicines is suitable for the presented indications or not because there is no column describing patient's diseases in the phamacist's fee claim form, and 4) It is impossible for the pharmacist-examiner to check pharmaceutical management and counseling service.It is therefore necessary for us to improve these problems immediately.

Tumult and Silence at Second Creek: An Inquiry into a Civil War Slave Conspiracy (review)

340CIVIL WAR HISTORY "One Among Many: The United States and National Unification" is the title of Carl Degler's essay in which he finds parallels in the Civil War with various wars of national unification in Europe and with the national movement in Canada. Giving special attention to Switzerland and Germany, he sees similarities between the blood and iron policy of Bismarck and the war policy of Lincoln. Except for Canada, all the other nineteenth-century nations were united by violence. Degler echoes the theme that William B. Hesseltine sounded years ago in his book Lincoln and the War Governors. Hesseltine contended that the Civil War was in reality a war against the states, both North and South, and was truly a war of national unification. The unification theme is treated from a different perspective in Kenneth Stampp's "One Alone? The United States and National Self-determination." Prior to his presidency, Lincoln, along with many other American political leaders, had espoused the cause of self-determination but reversed his thinking when the concept was applied to the South's bid for independence. Before the war's end, however, Lincoln had added the moral cause of emancipation to the North's objectives, thus giving justification to crushing the rebellion beyond the need to keep the Union intact. In "War and the Constitution: Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt ," Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., justifies the unconstitutional policies of both presidents in light of the grave national emergencies their administrations faced. Both presidents believed that circumventing the Constitution was necessary to save the nation. Schlesinger, in accepting that argument, comes close to suggesting that the end justifies the means. Even less convincing is his view that actions of the two wartime presidents did not provide precedents for later chief executives. The final essay, "War Opponent and War President," by editor Gabor S. Boritt, briefly traces antiwar thought in Western culture and Lincoln's changing attitudes toward war. In early speeches he ridiculed and rejected war, even making fun of his own military record during the so-called Black Hawk War. In Congress he spoke against the Mexican War but voted funds for the troops fighting there. According to Boritt, he was "not a pacifist but a pacific man." Lincoln came to accept war as preferable to disunion, a decision which created a unified nation but left an ambiguous legacy to the nuclear generation. Larry Gara Wilmington College Tumult and Silence at Second Creek: An Inquiry into a Civil War Slave Conspiracy . By Winthrop D. Jordan. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. Pp. 391. $24.95.) Cloaking scandal behind a veil of silence is a Southern art. Whispers of information may leak out, but the full story never will. So it was with the details of plans for a slave revolt near Natchez, Mississippi, in May 1861. In BOOK REVIEWS34I a spring when rumors of slave rebellions swept the South, this one was not the figment of hysterical Southern imaginations. And the retribution of vengeance unleased from the white community makes the word "overkill" seem pale. The outbreak ofthe Civil War fired dreams offreedom among slaves along Second Creek east of Natchez. Communicating across several neighboring plantations, slaves organized their planned insurrection. Local white masters discovered the plot from a white overseer's son, aged eight or nine, present during some of the slaves' discussions. Panic spread among the whites, and a committee was created to get to the bottom of the conspiracy by examining the slaves implicated. Facing the whip and the gallows, the slaves responded variously. Some remained silent; some named others; some probably told their inquisitors what they wanted to hear. By September 1861 at least twenty-seven slaves had been hanged without a legal trial, and thereafter Adams County whites closed ranks to suppress memory of the entire episode. Evidence for the details of these events lies primarily in one document, an account of the slave testimony by one member of the examination committee. Professor Winthrop Jordan reproduces this entire document in the book along with extracts from letters, diaries, and testimony that mention these events. These sources compose approximately one-third of the book, reinforcing his narrative...

THE THREE STAGE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NTE SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST SPECIALTY AREA TEST FROM A JOB ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACTThe utilization of survey data and expert judgment in test development is described in the three stages of developing the NTE School Psychologist Specialty Area Test. The first stage is described in the paper entitled “Knowledge Areas Important to School Psychology.” A survey of the membership of the National Association of School Psychologists helped determine knowledge areas and job activities important to the professional functions of an entry‐level school psychologist. Expert committee judgments were then used to link these knowledge areas to job domains. The second stage, described in the paper entitled “Specifying the Content Domain of the NTE School Psychologist Specialty Area Test” reviews how the findings of the first stage were used by the Committee of Examiners to establish content specifications and the representation of component knowledge areas for the test. The findings were also used to establish a job context for each test question. Finally, the “Follow Up: Specifying the Content and Context of NTE School Psychologist Items for Item Writers” documents how the directions of the Committee of Examiners were transmitted to item writers. The three papers, taken together, provide a step by step process of item development based on expert judgment.

THE STATE OF AFRICAN STUDIES PUBLISHING

WHEN MICHAEL CAINE and I were asked to submit evidence to Sir Peter Parker's UGC enquiry, I got the impression that the members were a little surprised by the picture I gave of the pivotal role of the British publishing industry in the publication of books on African Studies in English. Sometimes I feel that we are so skilled and practised at being 'realistic' about our new role in the world that we are willing to throw out our historic advantages, especially of the English language. There is an academic book famine in Africa. Its consequences are not visible on TV screens but it is already leading to intellectual poverty. Not only do students have less and less access to relevant books but academics in African universities are showing signs of giving up hope of being published whether in journals or in books. Far too few books by African academics have been published in recent years. During the first quarter of a century of independence a substantial amount of scholarly work has appeared in print largely because there was a big enough market in Africa to make it worthwhile to run on extra copies and bind in paper. The danger now is that African Studies books are retreating to the library shelves of the universities of the rich world. British-based multi-nationals such as Longman, Heinemann and Macmillan, have first and foremost been engaged in the large and lucrative school textbook market. But they also published monographs as papercovered editions for Africa at the same time as the expensive hardback for the international market, especially in North America. The multi-nationals published for a variety of motives. The educational industry is less stratified in Africa than in Britain and the United States. As a result, university professors were usually actively involved in Examination Boards and committees which selected school textbooks for secondary and primary schools. Quite a few theses have been available in book form because the academic was a member of a key school textbook committee. This was no reflection on the book itself. It was on the motivation of the publisher. The multi-nationals survived much longer and extracted much larger sums from the African school textbook market than they ever thought

Report of the ACS examinations committee: The 1986 testing program

Report of the ACS examinations committee: The 1986 testing program

The certification examination--how does it affect you?

The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) has, for over 30 years, been committed to the development and implementation of a national certification examination. While the likelihood of this becoming a reality has waxed and waned over the years, the goal has remained. As the achievement of this goal nears completion, it is an important task of the Certification Examination Committee, the CAOT Executive, and the Board of Directors to ensure that the significance of the examination is fully understood and supported by the general membership. To this end, this presentation has been prepared.

"Was konnte Maria Theresia nicht?": Thoughts on Oral Graduate Examinations

Oral examinations of advanced degree candidates play a smaller role in this country than at European universities, and they tend to be less decisive. Usually they are appended to a set of written examinations and function to clear up details that were found to be deficient in the written answers. Nevertheless, students tend to be more apprehensive about the oral part of the examination than about the written, and often they will walk away from it with a sense of dissatisfaction, even depressionnot only because they did not do as well as they should have, but because they realize that they were not given the opportunity to show what they had learned. They feel that the questions put to them were vague, puzzling, and meaningless. Often they find themselves lectured at rather than queried, and the only contribution expected of them is an occasional mumble of agreement. Many examination committees give the impression of being downright unprepared. It is obvious, at times, that the examiners are trying to think up questions just before or even while it is their turn to ask.

Testing Proficiency in Writing at San Francisco State University

and C omm/miralion ;ldren,q Rmarrb in (/7! -died in some business .- problems. Often. the idinon. sortie business knowledge. has never -rsona which is to be Btmrim (Chicago. IL: 0213 in which they will 11 Council of Teachers Writing and Changes “i. EDRS Document 80:. ed. B. Anderson we Ratings of Writing ii on Measurement in ibers to suggest omes Associate ,-cretary; Execu- ee (three open- mbers are wel- itory letters of 3 Chair of the -borough Com- CCC members e to attend an in Thursday 17 n Resolutions. nation at the ist five CCCC solutions. with it“. do NCTE. Testing Proficiency in Writing at San Francisco State University Sara Warshauer Freedman and William S. Robinson At San Francisco State University, we have been involved in testing our stu- dents’ proficiency in written composition since 1960. long before the current proficiency movement gained momentum. Through our years of experience, we have learned how to design a reasonably reliable, reasonably economical testing program capable of handling large populations of students semester in and semester out. Here we will present an overview of our testing program and discuss in some detail three important features: the selection of essay topics, special issues in scoring, and the development of a counseling pro- gram for students who fail. The examination at San Francisco State is called the junior English Profi- ciency Essay Test OEPET). It consists of a single assigned essay topic, on which every student writes an expository response in one hour. The test is required early in the junior year following a semester of freshman and one of sophomore composition, and students who fail it must take a junior exposi- tory writing course. The test is meant to be seen as an upper-division mini- mal proficiency test of a student's ability to write exposition. (Readers should remember that the term qminimal proficiencyq is relative and means what- ever local standards cause it to mean.) The essays are graded on a six-point holistic scale following, in general, the procedure developed by Educational Testing Service. Students who fail are invited to see a counselor, whose prin- cipal job is to see that no one fails who should have passed. Before beginning our discussion, we want to caution that in an absolute sense, the notion of testing writing proficiency is nonsense. for proficiency, as noted, is a relative term, and writing comes in as many guises as there are human interests and occupations. A poet may be inept in the world of busi- Sarah \X/arshauer Freedman is now Assistant Professor of Writing Research and Instruction in the School of Education at the University of California, Berkeley. She works with teacher- researchers on processes of classroom inquiry. She has published essays in (among other jour- nals) CCC. Eng/irb journal. Renard) in II): Teaching of Eng/irb. and Educational Psychology. Wil- ll2I|1} Robinson is Professor English and Coordinator of Composition at San Francisco State Uni- versity. He has served on the English Equivalency Examination and English Placement Test committees in the California State University system, and has acted as a consultant on test de- velopment to other campuses in the system. College Composition and Communication, Vol. 33, No. 4, December 1982 393

Division of Chemical Education. Report on the ACS examinations committee

Division of Chemical Education. Report on the ACS examinations committee

Two Disciplines of Examiners? The Effect of Professional Background and Level of Experience in Grade‐Setting

Abstract: Havik, O. E. 1980. Two Disciplines of Examiners? The Effect of Professional Background and Level of Experience in Grade‐Setting. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 24,121‐132. The influence of two examiners’ related variables ‐ ‘level of experience’ and ‘professional background’ ‐ are analyzed with regard to grade‐setting in 27 examination committees at the undergraduate level in psychology. The relative number of candidates receiving a laudabilis grade at either the essay examination or the oral examination was used as an independent variable. Level of experience, i.e. the examiners’ experience with this specific type of examination, had no significant effect on grade‐setting. The examiners’ professional background, ‘clinical’ vs. ‘academic’ psychology, showed a significant interaction effect with type of examination, essay vs. oral. Clinical psychologists gave more laudabilis grades during the oral examination, while academic psychologists gave more laudabilis grades based on the ess...

Report of the ACS Examinations Committee

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTReport of the ACS Examinations CommitteeCite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 3, 235Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1980Published inissue 1 March 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ed057p235RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (836 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The M.R.C.Psych. Examination: An Open Letter from APIT

The following letter has been addressed to Professor J. L. Gibbons, Chairman of the M.R.C.Psych. Examination Committee.

Report of the ACS Examinations Committee

Report of the ACS Examinations Committee

How Do Graduates of Different Types of Programs Perform on State Boards?

EILEEN A. MCQUAID, R.N., PH.D. is supervisor of nursing education, N.Y. State Education Department, Albany, N.Y. She has served as chairperson of the Blueprint Committee for Licensure Examination, ANA Council of State Boards of Nursing, and is now chairperson of the Examination Committee of the new National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. MICHAEL T. KANE, PH.D. is director, Department of Test Development, National League for Nursing, New York, N.Y.

Report of the ACS Examinations Committee

Report of the ACS Examinations Committee

The GRE Advanced Test in Computer Science*

The Graduate Record Examination, for many years an aid to graduate schools in the student admission and placement process, was augmented last year to include an advanced computer science test. Culminating a 4-year development effort, the new test was administered for the first time on October 16, 1976. Design of the overall scope and content of the test was carried out by a of Examiners, appointed in 1972 by the GRE Board.1 Beginning in 1977, the Advanced Computer Science Test will be annually updated by the Committee of Examiners and administered five times per year as a regular part of the GRE Program.

Effect of the Economy on Group Long Term Disability Claims

This article seeks to isolate the effect of selected economic variables on group long-term disability claims. It demonstrates quantitatively that disability claims are responsive to shifts in the economy and suggests a model for predicting changes in disability claim rates. This model may be useful in designing and costing a viable group long-term disability insurance program. Provisions for income continuation during lengthy disabilities recently have been added to the fringe benefit package of many firms. A study by Towvers, Perrin, Forster and Crosby (TPF /C) reveals that in top industrial companies surveyed in 1973, 77 had group long-term disability programs. TPF/C reports a substantial increase in the number of companies with long-term disability plans since 1970.1 In another study, Fortune found that 86 percent of major industrial corporations had longterm disability plans in 1975.2 While there is increasing activity in the long-term disability market, there is recurring anxiety about both public and private disability experience. Because of adverse experience with the first long-term disability plans in the 1930's, some insurer executives consider the long-term disability risk to be uninsurable. Over the years, the product has gained guarded acceptance by providers, but recent experience has raised a number of questions concerning the feasibility of long-term disability coverage. Many insurers have lost large amounts of money on LTD insurance, and relatively few insurers have written the product profitably. 3 The magnitude of the loss associated with disability protection, however, is uncertain. Donald J. Doudna is an Assistant Professor at Central Michigan University where he directs the academic insurance program in the College of Business Administration. The author acknowledges the assistance of Professors J. David Cummins and Dan McGill in preparation of the research leading to this paper. I Survey of Benefit Plans TPF/C Top 100 Industrial Companies, Research Department of Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby, May 1973. 2 How Major Industrial Corporations View Employee Benefit Programs, Fortune: Market Research (New York: Time Inc., 1975), p. 15. 3 Theodore W. Garrison, Group Long-Term Disability Insurance, Part 9E Study Notes of Education and Examination Committee of the Society of Actuaries, 1973, n14

A report from the Physical Chemistry Examination Committee on the 1972-1973 tests

A report from the Physical Chemistry Examination Committee on the 1972-1973 tests

Multiple-Choice Mathematics Questions—How Students Attempt to Solve Them

AT THE request of the College Board Committee of Examiners for the Mathematics Achievement Tests (Level I and Level II), members of the Mathematics Department at Educational Testing Service, including the authors, carried out a small-scale study in an attempt to determine whether certain kinds of information that could not be obtained from regular statistical analysis could be obtained by interviewing students.

Problems in Agents' Compensation

The paper attempts to define some of the critical problems relating to agents' compensation-from the standpoints of the insurance companies, policyholders, regulatory bodies and the agents themselves. The provisions, purpose and implications of Section 213 of the New York expense limitation law are reviewed. The impact of various new agents' financing plans and patterns of agents' compensation (i.e., renewal commissions, vesting provisions, service fees) is explored. Particular attention is focused on the problem of inadequate service, orphaned policyholders and related agents' compensation. A study of New England Life agents' income levels by years of service is set forth. Compensation problems in certain special markets (Minimum Deposit, Pension Trust, Tax-Sheltered Annuities, Split-Life, Mutual Funds, Salary Savings, Variable Life) are reviewed. The paper concludes with some thoughts regarding possible changes in the Ordinary agency distribution system of the future, particularly as it relates to the expanded financial services concept. For many years the traditional method of compensating agents selling individual Ordinary insurance has been to pay first year commissions, a scale of substantially vested renewal commissions for a number of years, and non-vested service or persistency fees thereafter. Within this extremely general framework many variations have evolved -relating to special financing arrangements for new agents, heaping of early renewals, degrees of vesting, production incentive bonuses, and commissionrelated company contributions to agents' retirement and deferred compensation plans. Advocates of maintaining this fronted commission pattern state that it is the very cornerstone of the life insurance Harold C. Ingraham, Jr., F.S.A., C.L.U., is Senior Vice President and Chief Actuary, New England Mutual Life Insurance Company. He is Examination Chairman of the Society of Actuaries' Education and Examination Committee. This paper was presented at the 1972 Annual Meeting of A.R.I.A. distribution system and point to the dramatic growth of life insurance sales over the past several decades. They state that this form of compensation is needed if highly motivated, enterpreneurial agents are to be attracted. They further assert that, as long as life insurance must be sold, as long as human behavior is such that it requires counsel, advice, and motivation-an urgency to act-such commission compensated agents are essential. However, in recent years, this form of agency system has been subjected to a mounting threnody of attack by congressmen, insurance commissioners, consumer advocates, consultants, college professors and some insurance company executives. The essence of their criticisms is that the cost of this agency system is too high and that the insured public should not be subjected to the current levels of commission costs attributable to person-to-person selling.' More specific1 Zimmerman, C. J., Discussion of Marketing Options for Management, Proceedings LIAMA 1971 Annual Meeting. u. 87.