Evolution Of Russian Research Articles

«Двуголосие» и динамика национальной идентичности в русской и афроамериканской литературе

This review is dedicated to the book by the American researcher, a famous specialist in the field of literary comparative studies, Dale Peterson, “Up from Bondage. The Literatures of Russian and African American ʽSoul’.” D. Peterson’s work represents the first study that draws a parallel between the evolution of Russian and African-American cultural identities in literary works and analyzes the phenomenon of the “folk soul.” The study is distinguished not only by its innovative approach and high scientific significance but also by its careful research of archival materials, manuscripts, and letters from the authors, which creates a solid basis for subsequent theoretical generalizations. Using the concept of the “polyphonic novel” by M. M. Bakhtin and the theory of culturally embedded speech acts he developed, Peterson concludes that the dynamics of development and deep mentality of Russian and African-American literature are similar.

Evolution of Russian and foreign approaches to defining the content of industrial cooperation

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze and substantiate practical recommendations for the formation and application of controlled interaction technologies, the development of importdependent and export-oriented enterprises, as well as systems comprising a unified business space at the meso, macro, and global levels within the framework of inter-firm cooperation during import substitution and localization.Tasks. The authors substantiate their original approach to the formation and development of inter-firm network interaction, which involves integrating the management of the internal and external environment of an import-dependent and export-oriented enterprise of the real sector of the economy at the global, macro, meso and micro levels into a unified business space; consider an important component of strategic management as a function of the formation of managed interaction systems by a unified business environment that determines the sustainable development of enterprises, industries, and regions.Methods. This study uses general scientific and special methods of cognition to investigate the process of finding and applying new forms of enterprise management within the framework of inter-firm cooperation in the context of maximum environmental fluctuations.Results. It is found that scientific interest in cooperation is spiral in nature and each subsequent whorl reflects the realization of the opportunities provided by cooperation with regard to the current and future waves of innovation (for example, as it happens in the current historical period exhibiting the signs of transformation of inter-firm industrial cooperation into cybersocial networks organizing the interaction between man and machine). According to the authors, as industrial cooperation evolves based on a capacious base of theoretical and applied scientific research in the field of formation and management of network entities, it requires additional study of the possibility of development through the implementation of interaction in the systems of a unified business space.Conclusions. The study shows that the systems of a unified business space are a specific and promising form of implementation and management of the development of industrial cooperation that is in demand within the framework of the strategy of innovative development of production and products during the implementation of the policy of import substitution and industrial localization.

Nicole Grajewski: The Evolution of Russian and Iranian Cooperation in Syria, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), November 2021

Article Nicole Grajewski: The Evolution of Russian and Iranian Cooperation in Syria, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), November 2021 was published on April 1, 2022 in the journal SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen (volume 6, issue 1).

Memory Makers of the Great Patriotic War

In the wake of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet museum curators began to establish a museal depiction of the war. This article analyzes these early beginnings of Soviet war commemoration and the curtailing of its surprising heterogeneity in late Stalinism. Historical research has largely ignored the impact of Soviet museum workers (muzeishchiki) on the evolution of Russian war memory. Archival material from the Red Army Museum, now renamed the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, in Moscow and the Belarus Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Minsk documents the unfolding of locally specific war exhibitions which stand in stark contrast to the later homogenized official Soviet war narrative. Yet war memory was not created unilaterally by the curators. Visitors also participated in its making, as the museum guestbooks demonstrate. As “sites of commemoration and learning,” early Soviet war exhibitions reveal the agency of the muzeishchiki and the involvement of the visitors in the “small events” of memory creation.

Evolutionary dynamics in the dispersal of sign languages.

The evolution of spoken languages has been studied since the mid-nineteenth century using traditional historical comparative methods and, more recently, computational phylogenetic methods. By contrast, evolutionary processes resulting in the diversity of contemporary sign languages (SLs) have received much less attention, and scholars have been largely unsuccessful in grouping SLs into monophyletic language families using traditional methods. To date, no published studies have attempted to use language data to infer relationships among SLs on a large scale. Here, we report the results of a phylogenetic analysis of 40 contemporary and 36 historical SL manual alphabets coded for morphological similarity. Our results support grouping SLs in the sample into six main European lineages, with three larger groups of Austrian, British and French origin, as well as three smaller groups centring around Russian, Spanish and Swedish. The British and Swedish lineages support current knowledge of relationships among SLs based on extra-linguistic historical sources. With respect to other lineages, our results diverge from current hypotheses by indicating (i) independent evolution of Austrian, French and Spanish from Spanish sources; (ii) an internal Danish subgroup within the Austrian lineage; and (iii) evolution of Russian from Austrian sources.

Titans Jousting for the Mob: Great Powers and Voting in the UN General Assembly

The article aims to assess current trends in the evolution of Russian, Chinese and American standing in the UN General Assembly (UNGA). This body as the most representative international body with wide thematical mandate enables to assess correlation in voting patterns of major powers and other participants of international community. Therefore, commonality of positions could be used as an indicator of positive recognition of national policy by UN Member-States. Such recognition could become a source of international legitimation for a strategy of a major power in global politics. The article starts with representing the key trend towards greater rivalry among major powers since the early 2010s. It claims that this competition to a large extent is exercised in institutionalized forums. It then examines an institutional mandate and operational dynamics of UNGA. After that it engages in descriptive statistical analysis of voting record in this body from its 60th to 71st sessions.The study demonstrates the rise of unfavorable trends for Russia and China in UNGA. Their positions receive lower levels of overall support from the whole population of UN Member-States. The same trends could be observed within BRICS and among their respective regional partners. The United States, on the contrary, improved their positions in the UNGA throughout the 2010s. This task was simplified by an extremely low base level of correlation in voting between Washington and other states. The administration of Barack Obama was especially successful in consolidation of major developed countries around the United States. However, due to the widespread skepticism towards the UN in the American political elite, there are no guarantees that the United States will be able to preserve increased level of convergence of political positions with other states in future.

Социально-политические глобальные и российские эволюции: диалектика и векторы развития

Социально-политические глобальные и российские эволюции: диалектика и векторы развития

A Review on the 4th Volume of a Compilation of Papers «Evolution of Russian and Foreign State and Law. Towards the 80 Years Anniversary of the History of State and Law Chair of the Ural State Law University (1936–2016)»

A Review on the 4th Volume of a Compilation of Papers «Evolution of Russian and Foreign State and Law. Towards the 80 Years Anniversary of the History of State and Law Chair of the Ural State Law University (1936–2016)»

MIKHAIL BULGÁKOV E YESHUA HA-NOTZRI: Evidências da primeira busca do "Jesus histórico" na literatura soviética

RESUMO O romance O Mestre e Margarida de Mikhail Bulgákov põe em evidência o conflito das diferentes abordagens do problema do "Jesus histórico". A referida obra do escritor e dramaturgo soviético, que se insere em um contexto político e social do stalinismo, é analisada do ponto de vista da apresentação da figura de Cristo como personagem histórica e é contemporizada com publicações sobre a religião, sob ângulos da evolução histórica da sociedade russa e soviética, na época da escrita do romance. Os núcleos separados da análise do conteúdo dos Evangelhos, segundo a narrativa de Bulgákov, ressaltando o crime, o castigo e a vingança, enfatizam a natureza humana de Cristo, seu discurso e seus sentimentos e levam a conclusões sobre uma busca do "Jesus histórico" por meio da literatura soviética.

The Cambridge companion to twentieth-century Russian literature

Evgeny Dobrenko and Marina Balina, eds. The Cambridge Companion to TwentiethCentury Russian Literature. Cambridge Companions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. xxiv, 328 pp. Index. $29.99, paper.The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Russian Literature is a welcome new addition to Cambridge Companions to Literature series. For Evgeny Dobrenko (University of Sheffield) and Marina Balina (Illinois Wesley an University) this is yet another result of a fruitful long-term scholarly collaboration - they earlier co-edited Endquote: Sots-art Literature and Soviet Grand Style (2000) and Petrified Utopia: Happiness Soviet Style (2009). As editors rightly assert in their introductory article, the twentieth centuiy [in Russian histoiy] was an era of unprecedented, radical transformations - changes in social systems, political regimes, and economic structures (p. xxii). Any serious attempt to justly reflect even a fraction of what has happened in Russian literary process during that turbulent centuiy in a single- volume compendium would present, beyond doubt, challenges to any compiler. The experience and knowledge of many fine contributors to collection under review, however, seem to have made this near impossible task an obvious success.The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century Russian Literature opens with a useful chronology, covering years 1893-2006. Since numerous attempts to succinctly present major hallmarks in evolution of Russian and Soviet literatures have been made in past, any observer will naturally pay more attention to latest additions in this chronological table. With this in mind, current reviewer found coverage of postSoviet literary histoiy extremely well-balanced and, at same time, nuanced enough: from year of establishment of leading journal New Literary Review ( 1 992) and publication of Vladimir Sorokin' s Roman (1994) authors' awareness extends to foundation of National Bestseller prize (2000) and attacks of pro-Putin youth group Moving Together against writers Sorokin and Pelevin two years later. In short, chronology offers a broad contextual picture of final decade of twentieth-century Russian literature and socio-political events around it.Fifteen chapters in this collection cover such diverse topics as poetry, prose, theatre, film, and literary policies and institutions in Russia and former Soviet Union. …

Эволюция подходов руководства России и Монголии к двусторонним отношениям

Эволюция подходов руководства России и Монголии к двусторонним отношениям

Change and Continuity in Russian Arms Control

Russian arms control is not a brand new creation disembodied from the past but is heavily influenced by the history of arms control in the Soviet era. Tracing the evolution of Russian thinking from the days of Stalin, through the arms control boom of the 1970s, to the reforms of Gorbachev and the Soviet disintegration, this article flushes out the Soviet perspective on issues such as strategic stability and the use of treaties to slow an adversary's technological advancement. Further, this article relates the influence of Soviet opinion to current-day thinking in the Russian Federation (RF). As the U.S. and the RF prepare to tackle tough issues, like the expiration of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in 2009, these viewpoints become particularly salient.

The French revolution in Lenin's mind: The case of the “false consciousness”

One of the characteristics of Russian history is the dichotomy between the nature of Russian political tradition and the perception of it by the majority of the Russian intellectuals. While Russia is a country with no tradition of democratic institution, most of the Russian intellectuals saw Russia as following in the footsteps of the West. The image of the revolution is also incorporated in this context, i.e., the intellectuals viewed the revolution as being essentially humane and leading Russia to a democratic society. Lenin's vision of the future Bolshevik Revolution could be judged by his vision of the French Revolution. In most cases, Lenin discarded the French Revolution's terror, making exception only for the emperor, possibly his family, and a few reactionary bureaucrats. This vision of the Revolution as essentially humane and leading Russia along the way of democracy was nothing but an illusion, “false consciousness,” and the present‐day Russian evolution along nationalistic and authoritarian lin...

The Soviet Union and Asia in 1980

To UNDERSTAND the position in Asia of the Soviet Union in 1980, it is first necessary to trace the evolution of Russian and Soviet relations with Asian countries during the previous century. Continuity over the period is pronounced despite the Russian Revolution and the substantial changes that have come to Asia. Russia was not an Asian country until the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 and did not settle the Far Eastern portions of Siberia until the nineteenth century. By the middle of that century, however, immigration and political pressure had pushed far enough eastward to enable Russia to become an Asian power of consequence. This was registered definitively in the Treaty of Peking in 1860 and, as concerns Central and Southern Asia, in the Treaties of Tarbagatia (1870) and St. Petersburg (1881) and the Russian-British Agreement of 1896. By the late years of the century, three factors-the relative strength of the Tsarist Empire and the relative weakness of the Manchu Empire combined with the rapid development of Japan, the absence of the United States, and the balance of power orientation of European politics-combined to enable an expansionist Russia to make major gains in East Asia. The result was further territorial advance against China, penetration of Korea, and-unfortunately for the Romanovs--collision with a resurgent Japan. The 1905 Russo-Japanese War put an end to St. Petersburg's Asian ambitions and was the catalyst for the 1905 Russian Revolution, leading twelve years later to the Bolshevik seizure of power. These events caused Russia's (now the Soviet Union's) Asian posture to turn back to the defensive, from which it emerged only in 1945. There were, to be sure, some gains: Mongolia was wrested away from China in 1921; Sinkiang came under Soviet influence (if not domination) in the 1930s and 1940s; and Tannu Tuva was seized in 1944. But two developments left the

Revolutionary Russia

From tyrannical autocracy to a most radically socialistic régime, from an empire oppressing subjugated peoples to a country proclaiming the principle of “self-determination of nationalities”—such has been the remarkable record of Russia during the past year. These changes, which have come to many as a surprise, were to those acquainted with the ferment permeating Russian life but the logical outcome of Russia's historic development.In order to be able to interpret the trend of recent events there, events which since the overthrow of Tsarism have been moving with such bewildering rapidity, it is necessary to know what have been the forces that have shaped the life of the country. Russian evolution has come through periods of subjugation, through century long struggles for self-assertion against invaders, through many internal uprisings and through successful wars of expansion. Beginning as a small principality in the interior of a plain, Russia spread to the north and to the south, to the west and to the east until she became a world empire, in area the greatest compact country on the face of the earth, occupying 8,505,000 square miles, or larger in size than all of North America, and having a population of over 175,000,000 people.