Evolution Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Research Articles

Characteristics of T lymphocyte content according to oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 infection

In order to study the particularities of T lymphocyte content depending on the indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in association with COVID-19 coinfection, 42 patients were examined, of which: a) baseline - 21 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and co-infection COVID-19, b) control group - 21 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. At the patients included in the study, there were determined the leukocyte formula, the level of CD3, CD4, CD8 lymphocytes, the oxidative stress reaction as well as the antioxidant activity. As a result, it was determined that at patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfection: as the content of lymphocytes, and in particular, T lymphocytes decreases at patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection, the degree of oxidative damage of proteins and the predisposition of lipoproteins to oxidation increases significantly according to the data of the AOPP marker and the indicator of malonic dialdehyde of oxidative stress (malonic dialdehyde - DAM), which indicates the severity of oxidative stress reactions at these patients. The total antioxidant activity, determined by the ATS method at patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection, was significantly reduced, and according to the CUPRAC method it increased significantly as the content of lymphocytes and, in particular, lymphocytes decreased. The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and the activity of the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin at patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID19 decreased significantly as the content of lymphocytes and, in particular, T lymphocytes decreased. Thus, the parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity can be considered potential biomarkers markers of the evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis in association with COVID-19 infection.

The Evolution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis to Pulmonary Aspergiloma in PortHarcourt: A Need for Radiologic Pulmonary Vigilance

Mycetoma or fungus ball is a clump of mould which exists in the human body cavity caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillius. Simple aspergillomas are often asymptomatic however it can clinically present with Cough, haemoptysis and wheezing. The study was aimed at documenting the evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to pulmonary aspergiloma in patients with long-standing pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans were evaluated to demonstrate the evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis to aspergiloma. The initial chest radiograph showed inhomogeneous opacities in the left upper lung zone with backgrounds nodular and streaky changes. Subsequent chest radiographs demonstrated thick walled cavitary lesion with an oval shaped mass within it having a surrounding crescentic halo. A plan radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with subsequent development of pulmonary aspergiloma was made. Follow up contrast enhanced axial section chest CT scan showed a fairly well-defined non-enhancing iso-hyperdense lesion with a surrounding halo giving the air crescent sign at the left upper lung zone. Aspergiloma can be seen on both plain radiographs and computed tomograms. Mr A.D., a 49 year old male who presented with a history of cough of three weeks duration. The cough is productive of sputum and haemoptysis. He has taken anti-PTB drugs 4 times but is still presenting with cough due to pulmonary aspergiloma secondary to previous pulmonary tuberculosis, thus a need for radiologic pulmonary vigilance.

Tuberculosis y embarazo

Hemos presentado a este II Congreso Peruano de Obstetricia y Ginecología, un estudio sobre la evolución de la Tuberculosis Pulmonar en relación con el Embarazo, en un grupo de 294 enfermas, que pudimos seguir personalmente. Se consideró la influencia que puede tener en su evolución el grado de actividad lesional, la calidad y la extensión de ella, factores todos que demostraron tener un rol de importancia en el resultado general. Todas nuestras enfermas fueron sometidas a los esquemas terapéuticos de los modernos antibióticos, y en algunas de ellas se recurrió además, 01 neumotórax, frenoparálisis y toracoplastía. También se estudió la influencia que podría tener el número de gestaciones. El parto en nuestras enfermas se resolvió según las condiciones obstétricas del momento. Durante el puerperio sólo tomamos en consideración los procesos infecciosos. De 105 niños, estudiamos su peso y mortalidad perinatal.

ALLELIC POLYMORPHISM OF IFNγ GENE IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

In present work, some immunogenetic aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis were studied, using modern techniques from molecular genetics and immunology. It is shown that carriage of Т allele and homozygous TT genotype in +874А/Т IFNγ gene polymorphism comprise a immunogenetic factor which correlated with a protective effect, regarding a susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. Predisposition for tuberculosis infection is associated with A allele of this gene, as well as with АА and АТ genotypes of +874A/T IFNγ gene. Clinical evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis is accompanied by increase in IFNγ production.

The evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis in coal miners in Asturias, Northern Spain

A prospective study of 53,753 coal miners was undertaken at the Instituto Nacional de Silicosis (INS) in Asturias, Spain, during the period 1971 to 1985. This included a complete medical history, physical examination, pulmonary function tests, and intensive search for pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 1,136 new cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were found, all of which were confirmed by bacteriology. The average incidence was 150 +/- 31 cases per 100,000 miners year-1. Annual analysis revealed that this figure remained fairly stable during the period of study. Only a reduction of the prevalence in the subgroup of miners with massive pulmonary fibrosis was seen in later years. The risk of tuberculosis among miners was three times greater than that for the general population of the same area. Our inability to reduce the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in a large group of coal miners, in spite of the fact that the treatments given were effective and that in the last eight years chemoprophylaxis was given to close contacts, should be emphasized.

The diagnosis of lesions of the major bronchi in pulmonary tuberculosis

Summary (1) Clinically detectable tuberculous lesions of the trachea and major bronchi have been recognized for more than two decades. The diagnosis of such lesions, and the role played by them in the evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis has been intensively studied in the U.S.A. but neglected in Britain. The sensitivity of these lesions to streptomycin therapy is now established. Their diagnosis becomes, therefore, a matter of prime importance. (2) The findings in 800 consecutive bronchoscopies performed at the Wm. H. Maybury Sanatorium, Northville, Mich., over a period of seven and a half years up to 1946 are presented and are related to clinical and radiological indications for the procedure. (3) The view is expressed that these lesions have not been overdiagnosed in the best American clinics. The criteria adopted for their bronchoscopic diagnosis in these clinics supports this view. (4) Categories of cases, likely to yield a high percentage of positive bronchoscopic findings can be established on a clinical and radiological basis. (5) An objective or subjective wheeze, and other sounds of bronchial origin—often heard best with the stethoscope at the slightly open mouth during a moderately forced expiration–is an almost constant clinical feature in established lesions of the major bronchi. Such sounds in the presence of dense infiltration or ‘atelectasis’ in a lung segment should lead one to suspect a lesion in a major bronchus. (6) In 16 post-thoracoplasty cases with persistently positive sputum in the presence of presumably controlled parenchymal disease active lesions of the tracheobronchial tree were discovered in 13. In 9 of these in which the bronchial lesion was observed to heal, sputum conversion occurred. (7) The timely diagnosis of active lesions of the major bronchi is of great clinical importance, for thir established presence should modify one's attitude to the whole programme of therapy in such cases.

Incipiency and evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis; the behavior of the initial lesion and course of the disease during observation period.

Incipiency and evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis; the behavior of the initial lesion and course of the disease during observation period.

Incipiency and evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis; the initial manifestations of the disease.

Incipiency and evolution of pulmonary tuberculosis; the initial manifestations of the disease.