Evolution Of Hotspots Research Articles

Wasted shores: Using drones to monitor the spatio-temporal evolution of debris accumulation hotspots on South Africa's Umgeni River

Rivers are major contributors of plastic waste to the oceans. Running through the northern part of the 1.3 million-inhabitants City of Durban, South Africa, the Umgeni River is estimated to flush in the order of tens to hundreds of tonnes of plastic waste into the Indian Ocean every year. The riverbanks are lined with plastic and other macro-waste accumulation zones formed due to direct littering and occasional deposition of river debris loads. This study presents the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and hydro-meteorological sensors to (1) identify, quantify and monitor such anthropogenic macro-waste hotspots; and (2) investigate the influence of rainfall, river water level and a major flood event on the spatio-temporal evolution of the hotspots, evidencing the debris' availability to leak into the Indian Ocean. The one-year aerial monitoring (2021−2022) of waste hotspots shows that extreme hydrometeorological events have an immediate but short-term effect on the erosion of debris stocks in riverine systems. We observe that reduction in mean index changes of hotspot surface area after flooding were 2–5 times higher than in non-flood conditions. Despite visual evidence of seasonality in debris erosion between the wet and dry season, only the 'natural' type hotspots showed a significant change. Our findings support reported inconsistencies of macro-debris erosion with hydrological factors. Although the data contributes a baseline for macro-debris erosion in the Umgeni River, future ground truth sampling and finer monitoring scales are important to fully understand debris transfer in river systems. The mapping of waste hotspots and understanding their spatio-temporal transfer dynamics supports policymakers in planning and timing to mitigate environmental pollution.

AlphaFold2 Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Conformational Ensembles for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Omicron JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3 Variants: Mutational Profiling of Binding Energetics Reveals Epistatic Drivers of the ACE2 Affinity and Escape Hotspots of Antibody Resistance.

The most recent wave of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants descending from BA.2 and BA.2.86 exhibited improved viral growth and fitness due to convergent evolution of functional hotspots. These hotspots operate in tandem to optimize both receptor binding for effective infection and immune evasion efficiency, thereby maintaining overall viral fitness. The lack of molecular details on structure, dynamics and binding energetics of the latest FLiRT and FLuQE variants with the ACE2 receptor and antibodies provides a considerable challenge that is explored in this study. We combined AlphaFold2-based atomistic predictions of structures and conformational ensembles of the SARS-CoV-2 spike complexes with the host receptor ACE2 for the most dominant Omicron variants JN.1, KP.1, KP.2 and KP.3 to examine the mechanisms underlying the role of convergent evolution hotspots in balancing ACE2 binding and antibody evasion. Using the ensemble-based mutational scanning of the spike protein residues and computations of binding affinities, we identified binding energy hotspots and characterized the molecular basis underlying epistatic couplings between convergent mutational hotspots. The results suggested the existence of epistatic interactions between convergent mutational sites at L455, F456, Q493 positions that protect and restore ACE2-binding affinity while conferring beneficial immune escape. To examine immune escape mechanisms, we performed structure-based mutational profiling of the spike protein binding with several classes of antibodies that displayed impaired neutralization against BA.2.86, JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3. The results confirmed the experimental data that JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3 harboring the L455S and F456L mutations can significantly impair the neutralizing activity of class 1 monoclonal antibodies, while the epistatic effects mediated by F456L can facilitate the subsequent convergence of Q493E changes to rescue ACE2 binding. Structural and energetic analysis provided a rationale to the experimental results showing that BD55-5840 and BD55-5514 antibodies that bind to different binding epitopes can retain neutralizing efficacy against all examined variants BA.2.86, JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3. The results support the notion that evolution of Omicron variants may favor emergence of lineages with beneficial combinations of mutations involving mediators of epistatic couplings that control balance of high ACE2 affinity and immune evasion.

Review of Research on New Media Art in China from 2003 to 2022 - A Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace

With the enrichment of digital technology, new media art has become a hot topic in the current art field. However, the academic field lacks a comprehensive discussion on the development trend of new media art in China. To gain a clearer understanding of the development process of Chinese New Media Art, this research adopts the method of bibliometrics combined with CiteSpace Knowledge Map visualization software. Using 550 articles from the CSSCI Database for visualization knowledge map presentation, data analysis is conducted on the number of annual publications, academic institutions and authors, and bursting keywords. This presents the development history, evolution of hotspots, and future trends of Chinese New Media Art. The research found that the number of annual publications of Chinese new media art can be divided into four stages: slow growth from 2003 to 2006, rapid growth from 2007 to 2010, slow increase from 2011 to 2017, and fluctuating development from 2017 to 2022. Secondly, there is a low density of cooperation between authors and academic institutions, and no clear academic groups have been formed, with academic institutions mainly located in economically developed first-tier cities. It is predicted that "Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, and Human-Computer Interaction" will become the future development directions of Chinese new media art research. It is hoped that this research can provide theoretical reference and data support for the future development of New Media Art in China.

Field-Effect Thermoelectric Hotspot in Monolayer Graphene Transistor.

Graphene is a promising candidate for the thermal management of downscaled microelectronic devices owing to its exceptional electrical and thermal properties. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate electrical and thermal interconversions at a nanoscale, particularly in field-effect transistors with prevalent gate operations, remains elusive. In this study, nanothermometric imaging is used to examine a current-carrying monolayer graphene channel sandwiched between hexagonal boron nitride dielectrics. It is revealed for the first time that beyond the expected Joule heating, the thermoelectric Peltier effect actively plays a significant role in generating hotspots beneath the gated region. With gate-controlled charge redistribution and a shift in the Dirac point position, an unprecedented systematic evolution of thermoelectric hotspots, underscoring their remarkable tenability is demonstrated. This study reveals the field-effect Peltier contribution in a single graphene-material channel of transistors, offering valuable insights into field-effect thermoelectrics and future on-chip energy management.

Atomistic Prediction of Structures, Conformational Ensembles and Binding Energetics for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3 Variants Using AlphaFold2 and Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Mutational Profiling and Binding Free Energy Analysis Reveal Epistatic Hotspots of the ACE2 Affinity and Immune Escape.

The most recent wave of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants descending from BA.2 and BA.2.86 exhibited improved viral growth and fitness due to convergent evolution of functional hotspots. These hotspots operate in tandem to optimize both receptor binding for effective infection and immune evasion efficiency, thereby maintaining overall viral fitness. The lack of molecular details on structure, dynamics and binding energetics of the latest FLiRT and FLuQE variants with the ACE2 receptor and antibodies provides a considerable challenge that is explored in this study. We combined AlphaFold2-based atomistic predictions of structures and conformational ensembles of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike complexes with the host receptor ACE2 for the most dominant Omicron variants JN.1, KP.1, KP.2 and KP.3 to examine the mechanisms underlying the role of convergent evolution hotspots in balancing ACE2 binding and antibody evasion. Using the ensemble-based mutational scanning of the spike protein residues and computations of binding affinities, we identified binding energy hotspots and characterized molecular basis underlying epistatic couplings between convergent mutational hotspots. The results suggested that the existence of epistatic interactions between convergent mutational sites at L455, F456, Q493 positions that enable to protect and restore ACE2 binding affinity while conferring beneficial immune escape. To examine immune escape mechanisms, we performed structure-based mutational profiling of the spike protein binding with several classes of antibodies that displayed impaired neutralization against BA.2.86, JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3. The results confirmed the experimental data that JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3 harboring the L455S and F456L mutations can significantly impair the neutralizing activity of class-1 monoclonal antibodies, while the epistatic effects mediated by F456L can facilitate the subsequent convergence of Q493E changes to rescue ACE2 binding. Structural and energetic analysis provided a rationale to the experimental results showing that BD55-5840 and BD55-5514 antibodies that bind to different binding epitopes can retain neutralizing efficacy against all examined variants BA.2.86, JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3. The results support the notion that evolution of Omicron variants may favor emergence of lineages with beneficial combinations of mutations involving mediators of epistatic couplings that control balance of high ACE2 affinity and immune evasion.

Global research of artificial intelligence in eyelid diseases: A bibliometric analysis

PurposeTo generate an overview of global research on artificial intelligence (AI) in eyelid diseases using a bibliometric approach. MethodsAll publications related to AI in eyelid diseases from 1900 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. After manual screening, 98 publications published between 2000 and 2023 were finally included. We analyzed the annual trend of publication and citation count, productivity and co-authorship of countries/territories and institutions, research domain, source journal, co-occurrence and evolution of the keywords and co-citation and clustering of the references, using the analytic tool of the WoS, VOSviewer, Wordcloud Python package and CiteSpace. ResultsBy analyzing a total of 98 relevant publications, we detected that this field had continuously developed over the past two decades and had entered a phase of rapid development in the last three years. Among these countries/territories and institutions contributing to this field, China was the most productive country and had the most institutions with high productivity, while USA was the most active in collaborating with others. The most popular research domains was Ophthalmology and the most productive journals were Ocular Surface. The co-occurrence network of keywords could be classified into 3 clusters respectively concerned about blepharoptosis, meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharospasm. The evolution of research hotspots is from clinical features to clinical scenarios and from image processing to deep learning. In the clustering analysis of co-cited reference network, cluster “0# deep learning” was the largest and latest, and cluster “#5 meibomian glands visibility assessment” existed for the longest time. ConclusionsAlthough the research of AI in eyelid diseases has rapidly developed in the last three years, there are still gaps in this area. Our findings provide researchers with a better understanding of the development of the field and a reference for future research directions.

Mapping the blueprint of artificial blood vessels research: a bibliometric analysis of publications in the 21st century.

Vascular diseases represent a significant causes of disability and death worldwide. The demand for artificial blood vessels is increasing due to the scarce supply of healthy autologous vessels. Nevertheless, the literature in this area remains sparse and inconclusive. Bibliometrics is the study of quantitative analysis of publications and their patterns. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of publications on artificial blood vessels in the 21st century, examining performance distribution, research trajectories, the evolution of research hotspots, and the exploration of the knowledge base. This approach provides comprehensive insights into the knowledge structure of the field. The search retrieved 2,060 articles, showing a consistent rise in the publication volume and average annual citation frequency related to artificial blood vessels research. The United States is at the forefront of high-quality publications and international collaborations. Among academic institutions, Yale University is a leading contributor. The dominant disciplines within the artificial blood vessels sector include engineering, biomedical sciences, materials science, biomaterials science, and surgery, with surgery experiencing the most rapid expansion. This study is the inaugural effort to bibliometric analyze and visualize the scholarly output in the artificial blood vessels domain. It provides clinicians and researchers with a reliable synopsis of the field's current state, offering a reference point for existing research and suggesting new avenues for future investigations.

Comparison of clinical research trends and hotspots in allergic rhinitis and asthma from 2013 to 2023 based on bibliometric analysis

PurposeTo analyze and compare clinical research trends and hot topics in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma and provide valuable theoretical data and references for future research. MethodsClinical studies focusing on AR or asthma published from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Eligible articles were screened and analyzed using bibliometrics from multiple indicators. ResultsA total of 261 eligible articles on AR and 991 qualified articles on asthma were screened. The following bibliometric analyses identified the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology as the most influential publication on AR and asthma and proved the significant contributions of Harvard University in clinical studies on AR and asthma. The analyses also revealed that the top ten prolific authors for AR were from China, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany, whereas the top ten productive authors for asthma were mainly from the USA. Collaborations among countries for AR were relatively concentrated in the Occident, whereas international cooperation on asthma was mainly achieved by the Occident and certain Eastern countries. ConclusionsThis study compared and analyzed the current status and evolution of AR and asthma-related clinical research using bibliometric analysis. Additionally, the study comprehensively summarized the impactful authors, institutions, and countries, and revealed the replacement and evolution of hotspots.

Trends and Future Directions in Research on the Protection of Traditional Village Cultural Heritage in Urban Renewal

The process of urbanization has accelerated economic growth while also presenting social challenges. Urban renewal is crucial for achieving sustainable urban development, especially by preserving traditional villages as cultural heritage sites within cities. This study employs Python algorithm programming and visual analysis functions to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 408 research papers on the preservation of traditional village cultural heritage in urban renewal from 1999 to 2023 in the Web of Science core database. The objective is to examine the historical background, current status, and future trends in this area. The analysis explores cooperation networks, co-citation relationships, co-occurrence patterns, and emerging characteristics of research on traditional village cultural heritage protection in urban renewal. It focuses on various aspects, such as authors, institutions, countries, journals, documents, and keywords. The results indicate that the study of traditional village cultural heritage protection in urban renewal can be divided into three developmental stages. “Sustainable development”, “cultural heritage”, “historic urban landscapes”, and “rural revitalization” are the research hotspots and future trends in this field. The results of this study provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of research hotspots in this field and can help researchers willing to work in this research area quickly understand the research frontiers and the general situation.

Evolution of hotspots and research trends in agricultural mulch film research: a bibliometric review

Agricultural mulch film (AMF) can increase the soil temperature, reduce the evaporation of water and soil erosion, control the number of weeds and pests, and improve the yield and quality of crops. However, the environmental pollution caused by AMF residues is becoming serious and has attracted increasing amounts of research. Research on AMF is a complex subject with diverse content and rich perspectives. Currently, there have been few systematic reviews of the use of AMF. To comprehensively and deeply understand the current status, hotspots, and trends of research on AMF, this paper conducted a bibliometric analysis of AMF literature from 1960 to 2022. Results are as follows: the overall publication volume in the field of AMF has increased 1960 to 2022. The top three countries contributing to publication volume include China, United States (US) and India, which are also the main collaborating nations. Notably, cooperation between China and US is the most frequent, and a cluster constituted by European nations serve as a primary collaborator for other countries. Owing to the introduction and development of the concept of degradable plastics, the field entered a period of rapid growth after 1970 and has primarily focused on continuous development in the areas of horticulture and environmental science. Current research on AMF primarily aims to: 1) develop applications that are aimed at enhancing the yield and quality of crops, and 2) improve the materials used to produce AMF to reduce its environmental impact. The persistent hotspots of research in AMF revolve around modifying the soil microclimate, promoting crop growth and development, and increasing crop yields. Frontier AMF research includes: exploring crop quality enhancement mechanisms, developing low-cost biodegradable film technologies and their natural degradation effects, and investigating AMF’s impact on soil nitrous oxide emissions and associated mechanisms.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera hotspots in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1973 to 2022

Background Since the early 1970s, cholera outbreaks have been a major public health burden in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Cholera cases have been reported in a quasi-continuous manner in certain lakeside areas in the Great Lakes Region. As these cholera-endemic health zones constitute a starting point for outbreaks and diffusion towards other at-risk areas, they play a major role in cholera dynamics in the country. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera hotspots and adjusting interventions accordingly thus reduces the disease burden in an efficient and cost-effective manner.Methods A literature review was conducted to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera in the DRC at the province level from 1973 to 1999. We then identified and classified cholera hotspots at the provincial and health zone levels from 2003 to 2022 and described the spatiotemporal evolution of hotspots. We also applied and compared three different classification methods to ensure that cholera hotspots are identified and classified according to the DRC context.ResultsAccording to all three methods, high-priority hotspots were concentrated in the eastern Great Lakes Region. Overall, hotspots largely remained unchanged over the course of the study period, although slight improvements were observed in some eastern hotspots, while other non-endemic areas in the west experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) and the Department of Ecology and Infectious Disease Control (DEIDC) methods largely yielded similar results for the high-risk hotspots. However, the medium-priority hotspots identified by the GTFCC method were further sub-classified by the DEIDC method, thereby providing a more detailed ranking for priority targeting.ConclusionsOverall, the findings of this comprehensive study shed light on the dynamics of cholera hotspots in the DRC from 1973 to 2022. These results may serve as an evidence-based foundation for public health officials and policymakers to improve the implementation of the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan, guiding targeted interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of cholera in vulnerable communities.

AlphaFold2-Enabled Atomistic Modeling of Structure, Conformational Ensembles, and Binding Energetics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 Spike Protein with ACE2 Host Receptor and Antibodies: Compensatory Functional Effects of Binding Hotspots in Modulating Mechanisms of Receptor Binding and Immune Escape.

The latest wave of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants displayed a growth advantage and increased viral fitness through convergent evolution of functional hotspots that work synchronously to balance fitness requirements for productive receptor binding and efficient immune evasion. In this study, we combined AlphaFold2-based structural modeling approaches with atomistic simulations and mutational profiling of binding energetics and stability for prediction and comprehensive analysis of the structure, dynamics, and binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 spike variant with ACE2 host receptor and distinct classes of antibodies. We adapted several AlphaFold2 approaches to predict both the structure and conformational ensembles of the Omicron BA.2.86 spike protein in the complex with the host receptor. The results showed that the AlphaFold2-predicted structural ensemble of the BA.2.86 spike protein complex with ACE2 can accurately capture the main conformational states of the Omicron variant. Complementary to AlphaFold2 structural predictions, microsecond molecular dynamics simulations reveal the details of the conformational landscape and produced equilibrium ensembles of the BA.2.86 structures that are used to perform mutational scanning of spike residues and characterize structural stability and binding energy hotspots. The ensemble-based mutational profiling of the receptor binding domain residues in the BA.2 and BA.2.86 spike complexes with ACE2 revealed a group of conserved hydrophobic hotspots and critical variant-specific contributions of the BA.2.86 convergent mutational hotspots R403K, F486P, and R493Q. To examine the immune evasion properties of BA.2.86 in atomistic detail, we performed structure-based mutational profiling of the spike protein binding interfaces with distinct classes of antibodies that displayed significantly reduced neutralization against the BA.2.86 variant. The results revealed the molecular basis of compensatory functional effects of the binding hotspots, showing that BA.2.86 lineage may have evolved to outcompete other Omicron subvariants by improving immune evasion while preserving binding affinity with ACE2 via through a compensatory effect of R493Q and F486P convergent mutational hotspots. This study demonstrated that an integrative approach combining AlphaFold2 predictions with complementary atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and robust ensemble-based mutational profiling of spike residues can enable accurate and comprehensive characterization of structure, dynamics, and binding mechanisms of newly emerging Omicron variants.

Progress and evolution of hotspots in butterfly diversity research in green spaces.

Ecosystems depend on biodiversity; therefore, protecting biodiversity is beneficial for the development of ecosystems. Butterflies are indicator species that respond quickly to environmental changes and reflect environmental conditions. Butterfly diversity is a crucial evaluation indicator of habitat quality in green spaces. We used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research relating to butterfly diversity in green spaces. Based on 538 papers published from 2002-2022, we systematically reviewed the status, frontiers, and hotspots for research on butterfly diversity in green spaces. Our results showed that: (1) Research on butterfly diversity in green spaces has consistently demonstrated an upward trend between 2002-2022. Studies on this subject have garnered attention from researchers worldwide, with notable interest and contributions from scholars in the United States. (2) Early studies focused on butterfly habitat preferences and extinction concerns, and later articles appeared on the influence of external environmental factors (land use, climate change, plants, etc.). (3) Three main research topics received much attention between 2002 and 2022: biodiversity conservation, butterfly habitats, and the relationship between butterfly diversity and its influencing factors. (4) The relationship between green spaces and butterfly diversity (landscape features, vegetation features, and human activities) was discussed; these factors on butterfly communities should be considered in the planning and constructing of future green spaces. (5) Two significant future directions have been identified: more research on the impact of external factors and a need for more technical integration with the big data field. Future research on butterfly diversity in green spaces should adopt a more multi-scale, multi-disciplinary approach and aim to enhance the practicality and guidance of research findings.

Digitalization in the event industry: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThe paper aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization to understand how digital technologies change the event industry and what research topics are the most promising for further exploration.Design/methodology/approachA bibliometric analysis of the existing body of knowledge on the topic was conducted and the results were visualized using CiteSpace 5.8.R3. A total of 1999 articles and proceeding papers from the Web of Science Core Collection published between 2007 and 2022 were selected for our analysis. Based on the articles and proceeding papers in the Web of Science Core Collection database, we selected a set of publications for our analysis. The data were obtained through specific keywords related to our research topic. The method involves a process of three main stages: data collection, data processing and the bibliometric analysis.FindingsCo-citation analysis indicated that issues of crowd management and tracking human mobility during mass events are important for the event industry and that technologies such as the Internet of Things, special-purpose mobile applications and systems make it easier for an event organizer to handle the issues. The findings demonstrated a weak scientific collaboration between countries in the topic studied and shift of research hotspots to study of satisfaction, motivation and behavioral patterns of events attendees. Based on this analysis, three directions for future research were revealed.Research limitations/implicationsThe results should be interpreted in light of our sample, because the analysis was conducted within our sample which has boundaries. We collected data from all categories in the Web of Science Core Collection database, but we considered only articles and proceeding papers as opposed to all possible types of scientific publications and other databases. In the study, we focused on detecting the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization overall. More specific topics that could be analyzed remain, for example, the dependency of digital technologies from the event type, etc.Practical implicationsThis study reflects the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization. It provides researchers with key developmental trends in the event industry, which assists them in more deeply understanding the evolution of research hotspots in the field during last 15 years and defining future research agenda. The paper presents an overview of digital technologies used in various types of events and describes the issues and results related to the implementing digital technologies. The results obtained were extremely important, as they can be used by event managers and organizers to enhance customers’ experience during the events.Originality/valueThis study reflects the state-of-the-art of the event industry in the context of digitalization. This is the first attempt to make an overall analysis of scientific papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection on the topic studied without excluding any categories. The search procedure is transparent, and the results can be reproduced in other search fields using the same approach. Based on this analysis, three directions for future research were revealed including technological aspects of online event-based social networks, issues of crowd management and security at mass events and issues of attendees’ acceptance of novel digital technologies.

Formation of fast-ignition hotspots and propagartion of burning waves in pre-compressed isochoric plasmas

The formation and evolution of hotspots is important for achieving ignition and high energy gain in inertial fusion process. However, most of relevant studies are carried out on pre-compressed plasmas with an isobaric configuration, the evolution of the hotspot in a plasma with an isochoric configuration is rarely studied. In this paper, a semi-analytical model is developed to describe the evolution of the hotspot boundary and propagation of fusion burning waves for a high-density pre-compressed plasma with an isochoric configuration in the double-cone ignition scheme. For the shock wave, the strong shock wave approximation and the quasi-isobaric approximation are reasonable. The quasi-isobaric approximation shows that as the plasma density behind the shock wave increases, the plasma temperature decreases. Because of these, the range of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ {\mathrm{\alpha }} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M4.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M4.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-particles decreases rapidly behind the shock wave, forming an <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ {\mathrm{\alpha }} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M5.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M5.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-particle absorption peak. Therefore, considering that the hotspot is the main region where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ {\mathrm{\alpha }} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M6.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M6.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-particles are produced and deposited, the position of the shock peak can be used to identify the boundary of the hotspot in a high-density plasma with an isochoric configuration. It also shows that a “self-regulating burning process” exists in the burning process of the isochoric hotspot, most of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ {\mathrm{\alpha }} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M7.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="5-20231474_M7.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-particles are deposited in the stable region and behind the shock, and finally, transport through the shock peak and heat the cold fuel, resulting in the temperature rising. In the high-density hotspots of plasma with an isochoric configuration, the deposition of α-particles behaves as an obvious non-uniform distribution effect. By analyzing the non-uniform deposition of α-particles, the deposition rate of α-particles at the edge of spherical uniform hotspot is calculated, then the temperature and density evolution of the isochoric hotspot can be well described. The model can be used to estimate the Lawson parameter of the hotspots at the end of the early stage of ignition. It is found that a lower fast electron energy is more beneficial to ignition and high gain operation of fusion plasma. It is also shown that the high density of the hotspots in the isochoric plasma will lead to a higher fusion burning rate, which can offset the negative influence of the shock wave and even achieve higher energy gain. The semi-analytical model is verified by the hydrodynamic simulations of O-SUKI-N.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of global publications on kaempferol.

Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in numerous foods and medicinal plants, offers a range of health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Herein, a bibliometric and visual analysis of global publications on kaempferol was performed to map the evolution of frontiers and hotspots in the field. Using the search string TS = kaempferol, bibliometric data for this analysis was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed using the VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software. As a result, by February 26, 2024, 11,214 publications were identified, comprising articles (n = 10,746, 96%) and review articles (n = 468, 4%). Globally, the annual number of kaempferol publications surpassed 100 per year since 2000, exceeded 500 per year since 2018, and further crossed the threshold of 1,000 per year starting in 2022. The major contributing countries were China, the United States of America, and India, while the top three institutes of the citations of kaempferol were the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Consejo Superio de Investigaciones Cientficas, and Uniersidade do Porto. These publications were mainly published in agricultural and food chemistry journals, food chemistry, and phytochemistry. The keywords frequently mentioned include phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, NF-kappa B, inflammation, bioactive compounds, etc. Anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer have consistently been the focus of kaempferol research, while cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, antiviral, and anti-bacterial effects have emerged as recent highlights. The field of kaempferol research is thriving.

First systematic review of the last 30 years of research on sweetpotato: elucidating the frontiers and hotspots.

Sweetpotato is an economically important crop, and it has various advantages over other crops in addressing global food security and climate change. Although substantial articles have been published on the research of various aspects of sweetpotato biology, there are no specific reports to systematically crystallize the research achievements. The current review takes the lead in conducting a keyword-centric spatiotemporal dimensional bibliometric analysis of articles on sweetpotato research using CiteSpace software to comprehensively clarify the development status, research hotspot, and development trend in the past 30 years (1993-2022). Quantitative analysis was carried out on the publishing countries, institutions, disciplines, and scholars to understand the basic status of sweetpotato research; then, visual analysis was conducted on high-frequency keywords, burst keywords, and keyword clustering; the evolution of major research hotspots and the development trend in different periods were summarized. Finally, the three main development stages-preliminary stage (1993-2005), rapid stage (2006-2013), and diversified mature stage (2014-2022)-were reviewed and analyzed in detail. Particularly, the development needs of sweetpotato production in improving breeding efficiency, enhancing stress tolerance, coordinating high yield with high quality and high resistance, and promoting demand were discussed, which will help to comprehensively understand the development dynamics of sweetpotato research from different aspects of biological exploration.

More than Five Decades of Proton Therapy: A Bibliometric Overview of the Scientific Literature

Background: The therapeutic potential of proton therapy (PT) was first recognized in 1946 by Robert Wilson, and nowadays, over 100 proton centers are in operation worldwide, and more than 60 are under construction or planned. Bibliometric data can be used to perform a structured analysis of large amounts of scientific data to provide new insights, e.g., to assess the growth and development of the field and to identify research trends and hot topics. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the current status and trends in scientific literature in the PT field. Methods: The literature on PT until the 31st December 2022 in the Scopus database was searched, including the following keywords: proton AND radiotherapy AND cancer/tumor in title, abstract, and/or keywords. The open-source R Studio’s Bibliometrix package and Biblioshiny software (version 2.0) were used to perform the analysis. Results: A total of 7335 documents, mainly articles (n = 4794, 65%) and reviews (n = 1527, 21%), were collected from 1946 to 2022 from 1054 sources and 21,696 authors. Of these, roughly 84% (n = 6167) were produced in the last 15 years (2008–2022), in which the mean annual growth rate was 13%. Considering the corresponding author’s country, 79 countries contributed to the literature; the USA was the top contributor, with 2765 (38%) documents, of whom 84% were single-country publications (SCP), followed by Germany and Japan, with 535 and 531 documents of whom 66% and 93% were SCP. Considering the themes subanalysis (2002–2022), a total of 7192 documents were analyzed; among all keywords used by authors, the top three were radiotherapy (n = 1394, 21% of documents), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (n = 301, 5%), and prostate cancer (n = 301, 5%). Among disease types, prostate cancer is followed by chordoma, head and neck, and breast cancer. The change in trend themes demonstrated the fast evolution of hotspots in PT; among the most recent trends, the appearance of flash, radiomics, relative biological effectiveness (RBE), and linear energy transfer (LET) deserve to be highlighted. Conclusions: The results of the present bibliometric analysis showed that PT is an active and rapidly increasing field of research. Themes of the published works encompass the main aspects of its application in clinical practice, such as the comparison with the actual photon-based standard of care technique and the continuing technological advances. This analysis gives an overview of past scientific production and, most importantly, provides a useful point of view on the future directions of the research activities.

Bibliometric analysis of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis in the last two decades

Objective. Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis have recently gained increasing attention. Here, we performed a bibliometric analysis to provide an overview of this field over the past two decades. Methods. The terms ‘aptamer, nanoparticles and diagnosis’ were used to search for relevant original articles published in English from 2003 to 2022 in the Web of Science database. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were employed to analyze the development process, knowledge structure, research hotspots, and potential trends in the field of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis. Results. A total of 1076 original articles were retrieved, with a rapid increase in the annual output and citation. The journal ‘Biosensors and Bioelectronics’ has contributed the most in this field, and the most influential researcher, institution and country were Weihong Tan, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, respectively. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots were the most used, but in the past three years, research hotspots focused on carbon dots and graphene quantum dots. Diagnostic directions primarily focused on cancer. The most used strategy was label-free electrochemical detection, but in the past two years, colorimetric analysis and fluorescence imaging emerged as hot topics. Conclusion. The bibliometric analysis reveals a rapid increase in the research on aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for diagnosis, major contributors at the levels of journals, authors, institutions, and countries, and research preferences in diagnostic objects, nanoparticle types, and detection methods, as well as the evolution of research hotspots and future trends.

The Relationship between Rural Sustainability and Land Use: A Bibliometric Review

Faced with substantial environmental, societal, and economic challenges, the matters of rural sustainability and land use have emerged as pivotal global concerns. Amidst the rapid phenomenon of urbanization, the escalating requisites for sustenance, energy, and natural resources have engendered profound pressure upon rural landscapes and ecosystems. The attainment of sustainability within rural regions assumes a paramount role, encompassing not only the advancement of these rural domains but also holding pivotal significance in addressing critical global concerns such as climate change, biodiversity depletion, and the eradication of poverty. In order to gain a thorough understanding of the implications associated with rural sustainability and land use, this study undertakes a bibliometric analysis of 1746 articles sourced from the Web of Science database. The analysis unveils a multitude of pivotal revelations. Primarily, the domain exhibits a conspicuous trajectory of expansion in publications spanning the period from 1990 to 2023, thereby alluding to a substantial reservoir of potential for subsequent advancement. Secondly, high-frequency keywords encompass sustainability, land use, agriculture, ecosystem services, and China. Thirdly, the field encompasses four primary research directions, namely the impact of rural land use and land cover changes on biodiversity, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability in rural sustainable development; the interplay between rural land use changes and rural agricultural development; and land management for rural sustainability. Fourthly, the evolution of research hotspots focuses on three main areas: rural sustainability and biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services, rural sustainability and land management and impacts, and the impacts of climate change and human activities on rural sustainability. Finally, future research should focus on sustainable multifunctional agriculture and rural land management, continue to pay attention to the social dimensions of rural sustainability, and emphasize the role of ecosystem services and natural capital in sustainable rural development. The results of this study can provide a reference for grasping the current situation, research directions, and development trends in the field of rural sustainability and land use.