Evolution Of Descriptions Research Articles

Female images in the novel “Three Comrades” by Erich Maria Remarque

This article analyzes female images in the novel “Arch of Triumph” by Erich Maria Remarque. The research is based on the theory of N. Pavlovich that each image has several similar invariants ascending to the uniform archetype. A hypothesis is advanced that the characters in the works of E. M. Remarque can be divided into two groups: 1) associated with the generally literary archetypes; 2) collective living images. The article also examines female images who have a plot-driven and artistic meaning in the text, although do not belong to the indicated time period. The image of Patricia Holman in the novel is associated with the mythological archetype, which is reflected in the description of her appearance, behavior, and corresponding events. It is noted that all central female images in the novels by E. M. Remarque have are intertwined with the mystical characters from myths and legends. The scientific novelty consists in tracing the evolution in description of the images of public female figures in comparison with another novel – “Arch of Triumph”. The author also examines another narrative parallel between the two novels: similar stories of two families lived in a particular historical time. The conclusion is made that the storyline of many novels by Erich Maria Remarque is based on a certain pattern. The author attempted to reconstruct the aforementioned pattern, which has largely proven the assumptions put forward in the earlier research.

Production of electroweak gauge bosons in off-shell gluon-gluon fusion

We study the production of electroweak gauge bosons at high energies in the framework of k{sub T}-factorization QCD approach. The amplitude for production of a single W{sup {+-}} or Z{sup 0} boson associated with quark pair in the fusion of two off-shell gluons is calculated. Contributions from the valence quarks are calculated using the quark-gluon interaction and quark-antiquark annihilation QCD subprocesses. The total and differential cross sections (as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity) are presented and the ratio of cross sections for W{sup {+-}} and Z{sup 0} boson production is investigated. The conservative error analysis is performed. In the numerical calculations two different sets of unintegrated gluon distributions in the proton are used: the one obtained from the Ciafaloni-Catani-Fiorani-Marchesini evolution equation and the other from the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin prescription. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data taken by the D0 and CDF collaborations at the Tevatron. We demonstrate the importance of the quark component in parton evolution in description of the experimental data. This component is very significant also at the LHC energies.

Recrystallisation kinetics: from statics to dynamics and from 2D to 3D

The evolution in description and understanding of recrystallisation kinetics from the late 1930s to today is reviewed. Focus is on the advances in experimental possibilities but also the accompanying modelling improvements are covered. The approaches are divided into two groups where the second group is differentiated from the first by introducing crystallographic aspects into the experimental analysis and modelling. Special attention is given to the newly developed three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) microscope, which allows non-destructive in-situ bulk investigations including crystallographic aspects. Its potentials for advancing the understanding and interpretation of recrystallisation kinetics are discussed.

The DSD Schema Language

XML (Extensible Markup Language), a linear syntax for trees, has gathered a remarkable amount of interest in industry. The acceptance of XML opens new venues for the application of formal methods such as specification of abstract syntax tree sets and tree transformations. A user domain may be specified as a set of trees. For example, XHTML is a user domain corresponding to a set of XML documents that make sense as hypertext. A notation for defining such a set of XML trees is called a i>schema language. We believe that a useful schema notation must identify most of the syntactic requirements present in the user domains, and yet be sufficiently simple and easy to understand both by the schema authors and the users. Furthermore, it must allow efficient parsing and be modular and extensible to support reuse and evolution of descriptions. In the present paper, we give a tutorial introduction to the DSD (Document Structure Description) notation as our bid on how to meet these requirements. The DSD notation was inspired by industrial needs. We show how DSDs help manage aspects of complex XML software through a case study about interactive voice response systems, i.e., automated telephone answering systems, where input is through the telephone keypad or speech recognition. The expressiveness of DSDs goes beyond the DTD schema concept that is already part of XML. We advocate the use of nonterminals in a top-down manner, coupled with boolean logic and regular expressions to describe how constraints on tree nodes depend on their context. We also support a general, declarative mechanism for inserting default elements and attributes. Also, we include a simple technique for reusing and evolving DSDs through selective redefinitions. The expressiveness of DSD is comparable to that of the schema language XML Schema proposed by W3C, but their syntactic and semantic definition is significantly larger and more complex. Also, the DSD notation is self-describable: the syntax of legal DSD documents including all static semantic requirements can be expressed within the DSD language itself.