Evolution Of Awareness Research Articles

Editorial Issue 1/2023: Water and Heritage in Action: Commitments for a Sustainable Future

Water awareness is inextricably linked to climate change awareness. In 1987, renowned climate scientist William W. Kellogg wrote an article about “the evolution of awareness” of humankind’s impact on the climate. He noted that over 150 years separated the first observations of this im- pact to the first explicit mention of the greenhouse effect in 1957 (Kellogg 1987). Over 35 years after Kellogg’s article, “awareness” is no longer the greatest challenge: it is “action.” The Water Conference of 1977 in Mar del Plata, Argentina, which aimed at establishing an international water resource management program, proposed an Action Plan to guarantee orderly administration of water resources as a key element for improving socio-economic conditions and quality of life for humankind (United Nations 1983). However, the plan did not result in widespread action and one reason was the broadness with which it was written. The 1977 Action Plan addressed countries generally, without considering specific climates, political structures, economic differences or so- cio-cultural contexts.
 Almost 50 years later and halfway into the Water Action Decade (2018–2028), progress on wa- ter-related goals and targets remains alarmingly off-track (United Nations 2023). The Water Action Agenda and the UN 2023 Water Conference promises a different approach and calls for commit-ments and actions. The president of the General Assembly remarked on the need for game chang- ers: methods, strategies, approaches and programs able to connect multiple disciplines, levels of governance and ways of thinking to enhance cooperation across actors, sectors and scales for sustainable development, beyond a “business as usual” approach (United Nations 2022).

A Phyto Pharmacological Comparitive Review on Curcuma Species

Since the dawn of time, medicinal plants have been employed by local populations as a source of healing throughout the healthcare system to demonstrate their efficacy. Some of the results have sparked the development of plant-based medications. The most intricate of interactions would be the investigation of how plants work. This essay examines the function of contemporary pharmacology in relation to a variety of plant derived medicines that has been used for millennia and were know to ancient civilizations. The skill of pharmacists and doctors to engage to the challenges that have arose with the propagation of professional services in the assistance of mans life has increased as a result of wisdom of the development of ideas related to the use of herbal medicines as well as the evolution of awareness. It has been noticed that the plant contained antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic antifungal, antiasthmatic ,smooth pain reliever, locomotor depressant, anti convulsant and muscle relaxing actions as well as anti inflammatory characteristics. It is now thought of as a useful source of distinctive natural compounds for the creation of medicines against different diseases. According to phytochemical studies, the main chemical components of Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma caesia are terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, inorganic compounds, organic acids and anthocyanin.

Evolution of awareness and knowledge of congenital cytomegalovirus infection among health care providers in France between 2011 and 2018.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital viral infection. Approximately 1 % of newborns are congenitally infected and in up to 10 % of them the consequences are severe. Antenatal and postnatal treatments, although promising, are still under evaluation. Hygiene counseling to prevent CMV infection is important and should be systematic. To evaluate health care providers' awareness of CMV maternal and congenital infection in France. A questionnaire on CMV infection was sent in 2018 by e-mail to obstetricians, pediatricians, midwives and laboratory physicians, and members of medical or midwifery associations. We evaluated their knowledge concerning CMV epidemiology, transmission, symptoms in adults, newborns and long-term effects (scores from 0 to 30) and compared the results with those of our 2012 published study. Of the 597 respondents who completed the questionnaire, 91 % were unaware of the precise transmission route of CMV, 33 % wrongly thought thatin utero therapy for congenital CMV infection was a current standard of care in France, and less than half were familiar with the HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé) and CNGOF (Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français) recommendations. When respondents' knowledge of CMV was greater, patients were given more hygiene counseling. Between 2011 and 2018, knowledge improved among doctors and midwives concerning the route of transmission, the symptoms in adults, and the long-term effects of CMV infection. Knowledge is improving among healthcare providers, but gaps remain. To bridge these gaps, health care providers should improve their knowledge about congenital CMV by various means: medical reviews, continuing medical education, meetings, conferences, the Internet. Moreover, greater knowledge will allow for more effective counseling of pregnant women, as recommended by HCSP and CNGOF in France.

A dynamic evolution model of balanced energy consumption scale-free fault-tolerant topology based on fitness function for wireless sensor networks

The network life can be prolonged to some extent by the scale-free topology which has strong fault-tolerance for the random failure of nodes. However, the unevenness of the scale-free topological structure can result in the imbalance of consumption of network. In order to resolve the problem, a dynamic evolution model of consumption of balanced energy with scale-free fault-tolerant topology based on fitness function for wireless sensor networks is proposed. First, the effect of nodal energy and the distance between the nodes on the network life is analysed as per the energy consumption model. Thereafter, the ratio between the residual energy of the node and the distance between nodes is used as the fitness function along with the dynamic behaviour of link and variations in network topology. Thus, a fault-tolerant topology model with scale-free properties is obtained. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model can not only balance the energy consumption of the nodes and the network by prolonging the life of network, but can enhance the fault tolerance and the invasion ability of the network by comparing with Barabasi-Albert model (BA), energy aware evolution model (EAEM) and fault-tolerant topological model with energy consumption and load (FTEL).

The evolution of awareness

We consider an evolutionary approach to how awareness is determined in games where players are not necessarily aware of all possible strategies. We begin with the standard notion of evolutionarily stable equilibrium, in which potential players pursue a fixed strategy. This constitutes a minimal level of awareness, since players are not required to know anything about the game or to reason about their opponents. We then consider the introduction of players with greater awareness.

The evolution of awareness and belief ambiguity in the process of high school track choice

In this article, we provide novel survey evidence on middle schoolers' knowledge and on how such knowledge evolves in the process of high school track choice. Children in our study display only partial awareness of the set of available tracks, and they report low confidence regarding their beliefs (i.e., substantial belief ambiguity) about their likelihood of a regular high school path. This is especially the case for lower-ranked tracks. Students start 8th grade with greater information about their preferred alternatives and continue to concentrate their search in the months before pre-enrollment. Children from less advantaged families display lower initial perceived knowledge and acquire information at a slower pace, particularly about college-preparatory schools.

TPD Ombudsman for Children, between law and reality

In this article it was attempted to envision the way followed by societies over past 120 years “from establishing animal rights to social advocacy of Children’s Rights”. The evolution of awareness moved by development of social thought, caused that child’s welfare became legally protected. Here we wanted to present the achievements of TPD association, to emphasize its fundamental role, as well as to show the importance of TPD activity in Children’s Rights protection in Poland. As an illustration showing the essence of activity undertaken by TPD, serves the presentation of realization of the multi- year project called “advocacy, protection and monitoring of Children’s Rights”. In the presentation of the project, the organization and scope of work of social Children's Ombudsmen as well as, their achievements and effects of undertaken actions were showed. The outcomes of monitoring presented in this article, provide a map and a catalogue of children’s injustice and additionally characterize both victims and perpetrators. From the evaluation studies carried out during the project, it appears that personal contact and quick intervention are of the highest importance for the aggrieved. The advocacy of children’s rights is as well important because of its educational aspect influencing and shaping the legal awareness of children and potential offenders. Through such activities, we are aiming to bring children’s and adult’s rights closer and to dispel anxiety of both subjects to confront. As long as the Children’s Rights will be contravened, the Children's Ombudsmen will be needed. The ombudsmen who stand up for children’s rights, who are competent, effective and consistent, close to the child and close to the offender.

Historical review of medicinal plants′ usage

Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. The connection between man and his search for drugs in nature dates from the far past, of which there is ample evidence from various sources: written documents, preserved monuments, and even original plant medicines. Awareness of medicinal plants usage is a result of the many years of struggles against illnesses due to which man learned to pursue drugs in barks, seeds, fruit bodies, and other parts of the plants. Contemporary science has acknowledged their active action, and it has included in modern pharmacotherapy a range of drugs of plant origin, known by ancient civilizations and used throughout the millennia. The knowledge of the development of ideas related to the usage of medicinal plants as well as the evolution of awareness has increased the ability of pharmacists and physicians to respond to the challenges that have emerged with the spreading of professional services in facilitation of man's life.

Time honored: a global view of architectural conservation: parameters, theory & evolution of an ethos

Preface. Foreword by Sir Bernard Feilden. Acknowledgments. PART I: Conserving History in Changing Contexts. Chapter 1: Introduction. Inevitable Change. Globalization and Cultural Heritage Conservation. Cultural Sensibility. Chapter 2: What Is Architectural Conservation? Origins and Concerns of Architectural Conservation. Chapter 3: What Do We Conserve? Determining Significance and Value. Types of Value or Significance. Associative Values: Historic and Commemorative. Chapter 4: Why Conserve Buildings and Sites? To Save the Prototype. Historical, Religious, and National Respect. Aesthetic Appreciation. Romanticism and Nostalgia. Shortcomings in Modern Architecture and Planning. Practicality. Tourism. Chapter 5: Who Owns the Past? A Heritage of Universal Importance. Chapter 6: History, Historiography, and Architectural Conservation. History and the Passage of Time: Facts, Values, and Notions of History. Viewing Time Through the Lens of History. Perceptions of Time. Perceptions of History. Historiography Until Its Professionalization. Historical Method and the Elusive Ideal of Accuracy. Antiquarianism: Putting the Past on a Pedestal. Archaeology as a Path to Historical Certainty. History and Heritage Conservation. PART II: Problems, Principles, and Process. Chapter 7: Perils to Built Heritage. An Evolution of Awareness. The Destructive Actions of Time and Nature. Destructive Actions of Humans. Cultural Bias. Risk Preparedness and Response. Chapter 8: Options for Involvement. Levels of Participation. Degrees of Intervention. Chapter 9: Principles, Charters, and Ethics. Philosophical Approaches. Legislation. Codification of Principles and Doctrine. Five Influential Architectural Conservation Charters and Documents. Ethics and Professionalism. Chapter 10: The Conservation Process. Chapter 11: Participants in Architectural Conservation. Structure of the Field. The Architectural Conservation Professional Defined. PART III: Conservation of the Built Environment: An Enduring Concern. Chapter 12: Prehistory Through the Fourteenth Century. An Instinct to Preserve? Prehistoric Through Hellenistic Times. Reuse and Preservation in Ancient Rome. The Middle Ages in Europe. Chapter 13: Fifteenth Through the Eighteenth Centuries. The Renaissance, 1300 to 1600. The Baroque Period Through the Enlightenment, 1600 to 1780. Chapter 14: The Forging of a Discipline: The Late Eighteenth to Early Twentieth Centuries. Italy. France. Great Britain. The German States and Austria. PART IV: Contemporary Architectural Conservation Practice. Chapter 15: International Activities and Cooperation. Contemporary International Architectural Conservation Practice-Origins. International Agencies and Frameworks. Other Regional and International Organizations. European Heritage Conservation Principles Abroad: Action and Reaction. International Training in Architectural Conservation. Chapter 16: A Multidimensional Field for the Twenty-First Century. Chapter 17: A Summary Global Tour of Contemporary Practice: Challenges and Solutions. Europe. North Africa and Western Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa. Central and South Asia. East and Southeast Asia. Austro-Pacific Region. North America. Latin America and the Caribbean. The Polar Regions. Chapter 18: The Past in the Future. Meeting the Challenge and Beyond. Going Forward. Appendix A: Nomenclature Used in International Architectural Conservation Practice. Appendix B: Organizations and Resources Relating to International Architectural Conservation. Appendix C: International and Regional Conventions, Charters, and Recommendations. Appendix D: Annotated Bibliography of One Hundred Selected Titles. Photo Credits. Index. Sidebars: Nomenclature and Common Understandings. Linking the Conservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage. Values in Heritage Conservation. Riegl and the Meaning of Monuments. Slowing Time and Valorizing the Past. Effects of Writing and Printing on Heritage and Its Conservation. The Distinguishing Role of Conservation Science and Technology. Climate Change. Recent Destruction and Reconstruction: From Ground Zero, New York, to Baghdad, Iraq. ICOMOS-Recommended Qualifications for Competency in Architectural Conservation Practice. International Conferences and Declarations: Milestones of Progress. East Meets West: Two Examples. Twenty Actions That Influenced Today's World Architectural Conservation Practice. Some Ideas That Would Help.

Victim identity and respect for human dignity: a terminological analysis

AbstractThe use of the term ‘victim’ as an identity can have different implications, depending on who is using it, claiming it, rejecting it or attributing it to others. Its negative connotations may have an impact on the person or persons concerned. This implies that the term should be used with some care and insight. The article analyses the use and function of the word ‘victim’ at different levels in the work and actions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Noting the extent to which the term is or is not used with caution, it points to the evolution in awareness from a certain institutional discourse to the current careful wording displayed in research and publications. The article stresses the importance of aid workers being able to recognize the potential and active identity of a person beyond the institutional label as ‘victim’, as this constitutes an important step in respecting that person's human dignity.

Régulation métacognitive du contrôle de la compréhension orale en FLE

In this paper the importance of monitoring the process of listening, both in presential and non-presential learning of a foreign language, is underlined. Evolution of awareness in the use of this strategy has been analyzed through a metacognitive approach. Some procedures used by two groups of Spanish university students with different listening abilities in French, have been identified through their retrospective verbalisations. The results obtained show that qualitative changes occur both in awareness and in the strategies involved in monitoring of listening. The statistical significance of these changes has been validated in both groups and the differences due to their level of knowledge has been identified.

Has Evolution in Awareness of Guidelines for Institution of Damage Control Improved Outcome in the Management of the Posttraumatic Open Abdomen?—Invited Critique

Has Evolution in Awareness of Guidelines for Institution of Damage Control Improved Outcome in the Management of the Posttraumatic Open Abdomen?—Invited Critique

Rethinking the Boundaries of Kawasaki Disease: Toward a Revised Case Definition

This paper describes the historical evolution of the Kawasaki disease (KD) case definition and its limitations for identification and treatment of children at risk for coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). The dominant view of pathogenesis is that an unknown agent infects infants and children, who then develop the signs of KD. Some of the infected infants and children then develop CAA, and a few die from myocardial infarction. Because the etiologic agent remains unknown, diagnosis of KD relies on observation and recognition of the clinical signs that comprise the KD case definition criteria. This approach has been successful in identifying and treating many children at risk for CAA. Unfortunately, however, it has delayed the effective treatment of children who fail to meet the KD case definition criteria but who, nevertheless, develop CAA. The original case definition was developed before the general acceptance of CAA as sequelae of KD, the availability of the echocardiogram, and effective treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Despite an evolution in awareness, detection, and treatment of possible CAA sequela, the case definition has not been altered so as to incorporate this knowledge. Our investigation explores the transformation of the case definition from an epidemiological instrument to a diagnostic tool. We urge the construction of a more sensitive KD case definition that includes signs and laboratory findings associated with CAA.

Executives Need to Know: The Arguments to Include in a Benefits Justification for Increased Cyber Security Spending

Developing benefits justifications is a difficult task. But the time has come, in the evolution of awareness of organizational and societal dependence on information, computers, and networks, when difficult questions are beginning to be asked by boards of directors regarding the management of computer risks in general and the economics of cyber security solutions in particular.

Examining the Organizational Characteristics of CAI Projects in Institutions of Higher Education

This article examines the evolution of awareness regarding the importance of organizational characteristics on the success of CAI projects. A list of twelve organizational factors are described that institutions of higher education need to consider in planning CAI projects.