Evidence Of Construct Validity Research Articles

Measuring sociocultural engagement of health professions education students: a psychometric study

BackgroundSociocultural engagement of students refers to broadening viewpoints and providing awareness of, and respect for, diverse backgrounds and perspectives. However, there are no existing validated instruments in the literature for measuring sociocultural engagement of health professions education (HPE) students. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire designed to assess sociocultural engagement among HPE students.MethodsThe study included undergraduate HPE students (n = 683) at Gulf Medical University. The initial version of the sociocultural engagement of students’ questionnaire (SESQ) was developed after extensive literature review and guided by the Global Learning Qualifications Framework. We then tested the content validity of the questionnaire by using focus group discussion with subject experts (n = 16) and pilot testing with students (n = 20). We distributed the content-validated version of the SESQ (16 items) to undergraduate students in six HPE colleges. To examine the construct validity and construct reliability of the questionnaire, we conducted exploratory factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure which consists of 13 items with good fitness indices (χ2 = 214.35, df = 61, χ 2/df = 3.51, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.025, and AIC = 208.00). The two factors were sociocultural interactions (8 items) and sociocultural adaptation (5 items). The construct reliability of the total questionnaire is 0.97 and the two factors were 0.93 and 0.92 for sociocultural interactions and sociocultural adaptation, respectively. In addition, there were significant weak correlations between both factors of sociocultural engagement scores and student satisfaction with the university experience (r = .19 for each, P = .01).ConclusionsThe sociocultural engagement of students’ questionnaire exhibits good evidence of construct validity and reliability. Further studies will be required to test the validity of this questionnaire in other contexts.

EGame-flow: psychometric properties of the scale in the Mexican context

PurposeThe present study examined the psychometric properties of the EGame- flow scale in a Mexican sample, presenting evidence of construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis), reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega) and discriminant validity (mean variance extracted).Design/methodology/approachParticipants: Of the 255 Mexican participants in the non-probabilistic sample who had previously interacted with the LOST logistics simulator, 166 (65%) were men and 89 (35%) were women; their ages ranged from 22 to 45. The statistical packages SPSS 25, JASP 0.16 and AMOS 23 facilitated the corresponding analyses. First, we calculated the means and standard deviations of the scale items. Next, we performed an exploratory factor analysis to examine the measurement model’s internal structure and a confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the structure proposed in the exploratory factor analysis. To analyze the internal structure of the measurement model so that the estimates were not affected by multivariate normality problems, we utilized the AMOS bootstrap method (with 500 repetitions, 95% CI), the maximum likelihood (MV) estimation method, and the fit indices: X2, p (chi-square and associated likelihood), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), standardized statistical mean square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean Square error approximation (RMSEA) with its confidence interval, the values of X2 with p < 0.001; TLI, CFI, AGFI = 0.95; RMSEA and SRMR = 0.08 (Byrne, 2016). Finally, we estimated the reliability of the measurement model with Cronbach’s alpha (a), McDonald’s omega (ω) coefficient and the mean variance extracted (VME).FindingsAn exploratory factor analysis with the MV method and obliminal rotation showed a good fit of the data to the model, which aligns with the significance of the Barlette sphericity test (X2 = 8443.2, p < 0.000) and the Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.94. The indices confirmed the fit of the data to the six-dimensional model for measuring the users' level of enjoyment of online games (X2 = 678.2 gl = 411, p = 0.000; SRMR = 0.05; TLI = 0.95, CFI = 0.95 and RMSEA = 0.05, IC 90% [0.04, 0.05]).Research limitations/implicationsThe self-reporting format of the scale increases the social desirability of the responses, but the sample only collects information from a specific geographic location, so these findings cannot extrapolate to populations with very marked cultural differences. Finally, the study did not measure other validity evidence, such as predictive and concurrent validity, which should be considered in future studies.Practical implicationsFrom a practical perspective, the study offers a measurement scale with fewer items and robust psychometric evidence that ensures the fit of the data to the EGame-flow measurement scale. Further research must continue to learn about the behavior of the EGame-flow scale in different samples that new evidence of psychometric properties continues to appear and that other factors associated with the users' gaming enjoyment experience are analyzed.Originality/valueThe value and originality of the study lie in the type of evidence of psychometric properties that the instrument has and particularly in the style of sample in which the study is carried out, in this case, in the context of Mexico, where there are not enough instruments that measure the flow experience of users.

The adapted French version of the Academic and Athletic Identity Scale (AAIS-FR): Evidence of validity and reliability and relationships with sport well-being.

Effectively managing their athletic and academic projects is a major challenge for student-athletes. The salience of the identity they develop in each of these contexts can affect their well-being and is therefore an important variable to consider. Examining these mechanisms in countries and student-athlete support systems other than the United States is also important. This study aims to both translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of a French version of the Academic and Athletic Identity Scale, the AAIS-FR, and to examine the additive and interactive relationships of the two identities with sport burnout and engagement. Participants were 359 French student-athletes (50.42% female) who were competing at various levels (ranging from regional to international). Results from analyses using a slightly modified version of the original scale provided evidence of construct (i.e., factor structure) and concurrent (i.e., expected relationships between both identities and several correlates identified in previous work) validity, as well as reliability (i.e., internal consistency) and invariance across gender and sport competition levels of the AAIS-FR. In addition, regression analyses revealed a favourable relationship between athletic identity and sport well-being (i.e., positive with engagement and negative with burnout), no relationship between academic identity and sport well-being, and no interaction between the two identities. While further research is needed to provide additional evidence for the validity of the AAIS-FR, researchers can still use this tool to measure the salience of the two identities of French-speaking student-athletes.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in subjects with shoulder pain

Purpose To cross-culturally adapt the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) into Italian and study its classic psychometric properties in subjects with shoulder pain (SP). Materials and Methods The PSFS was translated into Italian and administered to 109 SP subjects. Acceptability (time to administer, floor and ceiling effects), reliability (internal consistency [Cronbach’s alpha], test-retest reliability [Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)], and measurement error [Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Detectable Change, (MDC)]), were assessed. Moreover, construct validity was investigated through a-priori hypothesis testing, comparing the PSFS with the Disability of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand (DASH) scale, 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPRS). Results The PSFS was successfully adapted into Italian, and its acceptability was satisfied. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.925), and test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.866, 95% CI = 0.749–0.931). A SEM of 0.7 points and an MDC of 1.9 points were obtained. We observed moderate evidence for construct validity, with 4/6 correlations between other measures being respected. Conclusion This study provided reliability and validity of the PSFS in a sample of Italian SP subjects. Future studies should assess the responsiveness of using the PSFS as an outcome measure to capture clinical changes after treatment.

Measuring an audit quality climate among employees

The International Standard on Quality Management requires, among other things, that audit firm leadership promotes a quality‐oriented culture in firms. We add a novel contribution to the audit quality literature by developing an instrument to measure the audit quality climate in audit firms. Our data consisted of perceptions of non‐executive employees at large South African audit firms and the Auditor‐General of South Africa. Instrument development followed a rigorous scale development process, beginning with the adaptation of a widely used organizational climate measure to explore audit quality at employee level. Exploratory factor analysis determined six audit quality climate dimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence of construct validity. The six dimensions of our audit quality climate measurement instrument fit into the three types of culture currently identified in audit firms. The findings of our study are a starting point to develop an acceptable audit quality climate scale for employees in audit firms.

Construct validity of the simplified Chinese version of the instrument ‘Picture My Participation’

Background Preliminary evidence of the content validity of the simplified Chinese version of ‘Picture My Participation’ (PMP-C; Simplified) items and reliability of the subscale attendance for the effectiveness of the use with children and youth in mainland China has been collected. However, evidence of construct validity for the instrument is not yet available. Aim To explore the construct validity of the attendance scale in PMP-C (Simplified). Methods A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted using PMP-C (Simplified) with a picture-supported interview for 290 children and youths aged 5–21 with and without ID in urban and rural areas of mainland China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using the principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse the resulting data. Results The EFA extracted five factors with eigenvalues greater than one and the cumulative contribution rate of factors accounted for 51.62% of the variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.50. The five subcomponents included: organised activities, social activities, taking care of others, family life activities and personal care and development activities. Conclusion The results of the factor analysis support the construct validity of the PMP-C (Simplified) attendance scale. It provides further psychometric evidence that PMP-C (Simplified) is a sound measure to assess participation for children and youths in mainland China.

Can we assess whether Ukrainians flourish? The Ukrainian translation of the flourishing scale

The aim of this study was to translate the Flourishing Scale, which is a brief 8-item measure, into Ukrainian and examine its construct validity. The Flourishing Scale has been previously validated into various languages, including Russian. While Ukrainian is a distinct language with its unique characteristics, it shares some similarities with Russian due to historical and geographical connections. These similarities encompass words with similar or related meanings, comparable sentence structures, and certain cultural references and idiomatic expressions. Accordingly, the Ukrainian version of the Flourishing Scale was developed based on the Russian version. The translation process involved two proficient researchers fluent in Ukrainian, English, and Russian. Following the committee approach, one researcher conducted the initial translation, while the other ensured the accuracy and linguistic equivalence of the translated items. The eight items were pilot-tested with Ukrainian-speaking adult participants. Results from confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Ukrainian version of the Flourishing Scale showed evidence of construct validity and reliability, thereby resulting in a tool that can be used with Ukrainian adults to further examine their flourishing.•The Flourishing Scale was translated into Ukrainian and pilot-tested to assess it psychometric properties.•Results indicated good construct validity and reliability of the Ukrainian version of the Flourishing Scale.

The feeding siblings questionnaire (FSQ): Development of a self-report tool for parents with children aged 2–5 years

Over the last decade, there have been repeated calls to expand the operationalisation of food parenting practices. The conceptualisation and measurement of these practices has been based primarily on research with parent-child dyads. One unexplored dimension of food parenting pertains to the evaluation of practices specific to feeding siblings. This study describes the development and validation of the Feeding Siblings Questionnaire (FSQ) – a tool designed to measure practices in which siblings are positioned as mediators in parents’ attempts to prompt or persuade a child to eat. Item development was guided by a conceptual model derived from mixed-methods research and refined through expert reviews and cognitive interviews. These interviews were conducted in two phases, where parents responded to the questionnaire primarily to test i) the readability and relevance of each item, and ii) its overall feasibility. The instrument was completed by 330 parents (96.1% mothers) in Australia with two children aged 2–5 years, and repeated by 133 parents (40.3%) two weeks later. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on baseline data. Internal consistency and test re-test reliability of the subsequent subscales were examined. Construct validity was assessed through comparisons with existing measures of food parenting practices and child eating behaviours. The final FSQ scale included 22 items, reflecting five food parenting practices: sibling competitiveness, active sibling influence, threatening unequal division of food, sibling role modelling, and vicarious operant conditioning. Internal consistency and test re-test reliability estimates were high, and there was some evidence of convergent construct validity. While its factor structure should be confirmed in a different sample, the FSQ offers a novel tool for assessing, monitoring, and evaluating feeding interactions beyond those confined to the parent-child dyad.

Developing an Assessment Battery to Measure Exposure to Police Brutality on Social Media Among Black Adolescents

This study aims to investigate the impact of police brutality exposure on social media among Black adolescents, recognizing its profound influence on attitudes and perceptions. The research developed the PBE-SM self-report assessment battery through an iterative process, involving qualitative interviews and cognitive assessments with Black first-year college students. The battery comprises five instruments, each probing specific time frames to capture the dynamic nature of social media exposure. For each instrument, all ten items were submitted to an exploratory factor analysis, revealing distinct structures, and providing psychometric evidence of construct validity and the utility of a multifaceted approach in understanding how perceptions evolve over time. The study emphasizes the practical applications of PBE-SM for researchers, educators, and counselors. It facilitates real-time monitoring of Black adolescents' exposure, aiding counselors in recognizing periods of heightened exposure and guiding stress management. Educators can use the tool for positive social media integration in academic settings. While limited to Black college undergraduates, future research aims to establish external validity across diverse demographics. In conclusion, PBE-SM represents an innovative tool for comprehending and addressing the psychological well-being of Black adolescents amidst prevalent exposure to police brutality on social media.

Parenting young children (3–6) with and without disabilities in Greece: further evidence for psychometric properties, construct validity and measurement invariance of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (child form)

Objectives This study aims to assess psychometric properties such as factor structure and reliability as well as construct the validity of the Greek translation of the child report version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (3–6). Methods A total number of four hundred-four young children with and without disabilities were recruited for the study. We randomly split the entire sample into two subsamples (S1 = 138 participants and S2 = 276 participants) to have independent samples. We used the S1 sample for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Firstly, EFA suggested a four-factor solution. We used the S2 sample for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Subsequently, we assessed all possible structures from unidimensional to 4-factor structure: involvement, positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and corporal punishment. The goodness of fit indices suggested that the four-factor solution had the best fit. Results According to the study results, the APQ-GR (3–6) for children is an easily applied and comprehensive research tool. Conclusions Through this questionnaire, parental characteristics and practices in both families with and without a child with disabilities are investigated based on the child’s perspectives.

Validation of the Spanish version of the body image acceptance and action questionnaire (BI-AAQ-Spanish): Measurement invariance across cultures

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ) and its recently developed 5-item version, the BI-AAQ-5. The BI-AAQ measures psychological flexibility/inflexibility regarding body image. A sample of Spanish adults (n = 938) completed the BI-AAQ and a battery of measures (including body mass index, psychological flexibility, exposure to and internalization of sociocultural body image expectations, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms). Measurement invariance was tested against a U.S. American adult sample (n = 866) that completed the English version of the BI-AAQ. The unidimensional factor structure of the BI-AAQ and BI-AAQ-5 was replicated in both samples using confirmatory factor analysis, with model fit indexes ranging from adequate (e.g., CFI = 0.95) to excellent (e.g., CFI = 0.99). Internal consistency was good for both instruments across samples (α = 0.90 to 0.97). Measurement invariance analyses confirmed full configural and metric invariance and scalar partial invariance. The Spanish BI-AAQ and BI-AAQ-5 showed clear evidence of convergent and incremental construct validity. Both instruments’ scores correlated substantively with theoretically related variables. In addition, the results of a conditional process analysis showed that body-image psychological flexibility measured with either instrument moderated the mediated effect of pressure to conform to cultural ideals of body image on disordered eating through internalization of body image ideals and body dissatisfaction. We concluded both instruments are likely suitable for conducting cross-cultural research with Spanish and English-speaking samples.

Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a new measure of athlete insomnia: Insomnia in Response to Sports‐related Stress Test questionnaire

AbstractTo develop and validate the Insomnia in Response to Sports‐related Stress Test (IRSST) questionnaire, a new specific instrument with the goal of sensitively measuring vulnerability to sport‐specific stressful situations among elite athletes. Five hundred and thirty‐one competitive elite athletes (mean age = 17.6 ± 4.4 years) completed the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST) questionnaire and the IRSST, a six‐item questionnaire developed to assess the level of sleep disturbance in response to the commonly experienced sport‐specific stressful situations. A development and validation process including substantive, structural, and external stages was used in the present study. One eigenvalue of the exploratory factor analyses was greater than 1.0 (i.e., 2.91, 48.52% of explained variance) whereas the scree test provided evidence for a one‐factor solution, with all the six items achieving a loading of 0.40 or higher on the factor. Cronbach alpha was 0.77 and provided evidence for the reliability of the IRSST score. The correlation between IRSST and FIRST scores was 0.47 (p < 0.001, moderate effect size). These results provide strong evidence for construct validity, indicating that the IRSST is a promising scale for assessing the likelihood of sleep disruption due to sports‐related stressful situations. The results of reliability and correlational analyses provided further evidence of the promising psychometric properties of the IRSST. We believe that the IRSST could provide to the sport and sleep science communities a sleep screening tool for use in this unique population.

Parent-perceived autonomy-supportive experiences and basic psychological needs of people with complex support needs: Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of two questionnaires.

Background: Understanding and supporting basic psychological needs of persons with complex support needs is important but difficult because of communicative challenges . We developed and tested questionnaires to obtain parents' perspectives on autonomy support and basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Method: Two parent-informant questionnaires were developed, administered, and subjected to psychometric property analyses. Participants were 63 Dutch parents of persons diagnosed with severe or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Results: Principal component analyses revealed a one-factor structure for the Parental Perceptions on Autonomy-Supportive Experiences questionnaire, while the Parental Perceptions on Basic Psychological Need Signals questionnaire yielded two-factors interpreted as Noticing Signals of Autonomy and Noticing Signals of Competence/Relatedness. Evidence for construct validity was found for both instruments. Conclusions: Preliminary evaluation of the new questionnaires is encouraging, but further validation with a larger sample size is warranted.

Comparing psychopathological symptoms, life satisfaction, and personality traits between the WHO and APA frameworks of gaming disorder symptoms: A psychometric investigation.

The inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association and Gaming Disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization requires consistent psychological measures for reliable estimates. The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT), the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), and the Five-Item Gaming Disorder Test (GDT-5) and to compare the WHO and the APA frameworks of gaming disorder symptoms in terms of psychopathological symptoms, life satisfaction, and personality traits. A sample of 723 Swedish gamers was recruited (29.8% women, 68.3% men, 1.9% other, Mage = 29.50 years, SD = 8.91). The results indicated notable differences regarding the estimated possible risk groups between the two frameworks. However, the association between gaming disorder symptoms and personality traits, life satisfaction, and psychopathological symptoms appeared consistent across the two frameworks. The results showed excellent psychometric properties in support of the one-factor model of the GDT, IGDT-10, and GDT-5, including good reliability estimates (McDonald's omega) and evidence of construct validity. Additionally, the results demonstrated full gender and age measurement invariance of the GDT, IGDT-10, and GDT-5, indicating that gaming disorder symptoms are measured equally across the subgroups. These findings demonstrate that the IGDT-10, GDT-5, and GDT are appropriate measures for assessing gaming disorder symptoms and facilitating future research in Sweden.

Interpersonal Relationships in First Level Care Workers of The Ministry of Health, Breña District, 2022

Purpose: Determine the level of interpersonal relationships of the health worker at the first level of care in the Breña District in the year 2022. Theoretical framework: Good treatment, which is given and received, is the way we proceed or act when relating to another human being, group or organization, whether by deed or omission, physically or verbally, etc. Material and Methods: The present study is descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional, in 68 health workers. The survey on interpersonal relationships by Muñoz (2015) was applied. Results and Conclusions: Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to obtain the construct validity of the instrument, meeting the requirements: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index of 0.811 (>0.7) and Bartlett test with a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. In the health workers of the Breña district, a high level is observed 19.1%, a medium level 77.9% and a low level 2.9%. Considering the 3 dimensions, the medium level varies between 59.4% to 80.6% and in terms of proportions, in second place stands out the high level whose values vary between 16.7% and 34.4%. Research implications: The instrument showed evidence of construct validity and reliability, and these analyzes indicate the feasibility of the instrument proposed by Muñoz, who distributed the 18 items in three dimensions: attitude, treatment and communication, considering 6 items for each one. Originality/value: It is important to establish adequate interpersonal relationships based on fluid communication that will contribute to the fulfillment of the institution's objectives focused on achieving of health indicators and achieve quality care.

Factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Caregiver strain questionnaire in Latinx families.

Caregiver strain or stress directly related to caring for a youth with emotional and/or behavioral problems may be an important and understudied cultural factor associated with mental health disparities among Latinx families. Caregiver strain is a highly relevant construct for research questions focused on the identification of youth's mental health needs, family-level impacts of youth mental health problems, and utilization of youth mental health services. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of research on measures of caregiver strain and the psychometric properties of existing measures in Latinx samples. This study examined the structural and construct validity of the English version of the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CGSQ) with a sample of United States-based Latinx caregivers of youths ages 6-18 (N = 598). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original three-factor model of caregiver strain was evidenced in this sample. Internal consistency analyses and a poor factor loading led to the elimination of one item. The factor structure held after item removal. Significant associations between each dimension of caregiver strain with youth internalizing/externalizing symptom severity and utilization of youth mental health services provided evidence of construct validity (i.e., psychological counseling, telepsychology, parenting classes). Results provide important evidence of the psychometric properties of the English CGSQ in a Latinx sample and support its use in future research aimed at unpacking mental health disparities among Latinx youth and families. Researchers should translate and validate the CGSQ in Spanish to increase the utility of this measure for research with Latinx families.

Initial Validity Evidence for a Measure of Transactional Sex in a U.S. College Student Sample

ABSTRACT The current study provides initial validity evidence for a measure of Transactional Sex (TS). Participants (N = 269) were recruited from a Northeastern University in the United States and consisted of undergraduate and graduate students. Participants completed an online survey through QuestionPro that contained the Transactional Sex Measure (TSM) as well as measures of depression, anxiety, and stress, condom use negotiation self-efficacy and sexual risk, alcohol and drug use, and materialism. Construct and criterion validity were examined. Findings revealed that the TSM provided good criterion validity evidence but the construct validity evidence was minimal. Further studies on the conceptualization of TS and distribution of the TSM across a variety of diverse samples can provide more validity evidence.

Development of the Earthquake Anxiety Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

In this study, it was aimed to develop a new, valid and reliable measurement tool to measure general earthquake anxiety (EAS). For this purpose, firstly, the literature on earthquake was reviewed and an item pool was created. Then, two separate samples were taken for EFA and CFA. In order to determine the factor structure of the measurement tool, EFA was applied on the data obtained from the first sample group and a structure with 2 factors and 13 items was reached. In order to test the accuracy of this structure, data were collected from a different sample group and CFA was applied on these data. The results revealed that the scale has evidence of construct validity, discriminant validity and internal consistency reliability. In addition, earthquake anxiety scale items can be used to assess anxiety levels in different age groups.

Validation of the Danish version of the knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain.

Pain management is critical for nurses; therefore, knowledge assessment is also critical. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP), designed for testing pain management knowledge among nurses, finds widespread use internationally; yet, key validity evidence according to American Psychological Association standards is missing. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and test the psychometric traits of KASRP based on an item response theory model. Cronbach's α was included to assess internal consistency, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was included to assess the total score normal distribution goodness of fit. KASRP was tested using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test for sphericity to examine its suitability for factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis to examine construct evidence. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to assess discriminant evidence. The correlation between KASRP and the Brockopp-Warden Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (BWPKQ) was included as a measure of convergent validity evidence, and correlation with self-assessed knowledge was tested as a divergent validity measure. The questionnaire was translated using back-forth and parallel translation. The KMO test for sphericity was 0.49 for all items and 0.53 for the adjusted scale without items 30, 33, and 36, with factor analysis explaining 70.42% of the variation suggesting unacceptable construct validity evidence. Cronbach's α was 0.75, suggesting acceptable reliability evidence; the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed an insignificant skewness of -0.195 and a kurtosis of 0.001, while the Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed a significance of p < 0.001. The correlation between KASRP and the BWPKQ was 0.69 (p = 0.0001), suggesting acceptable convergent validity evidence. A correlation between KASRP and self-assessed knowledge of -0.59 was also found, which suggests acceptable divergent validity evidence. The translated KASRP passed six out of seven tests based on the given sample.

Parenting Measures and Their Psychometrics in LGBTQIA+ Families: A Systematic Review.

Parenting significantly influences youth development, yet there's a dearth of research on measuring parenting among LGBTQIA+ caregivers, or caregivers of LGBTQIA+ children (hereafter LGBTQIA+ families). In this systematic review we identified and evaluated the psychometrics of parenting scales validated for this population. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies with LGBTQIA+ families in major databases and secondary sources, psychometric assessment, and English language. Eight studies validating ten scales measuring parenting practices, parental attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions were identified. Generally, studies reported promising psychometrics, showing evidence of construct validity in all and reliability in seven. However, the review also unveiled crucial gaps: a paucity of scales validated among LGBTQIA+ fathers, and predominantly featured non-Hispanic White participants. Findings underscore the necessity for more inclusive samples that reflect the diversity of LGBTQIA+ families. The validation of parenting scales is crucial for understanding parenting in LGBTQIA+ families and developing parenting interventions to promote their well-being.