Evidence-based Programs Research Articles

인지행동치료 기반 인성교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과

Objectives This study aimed to develop and implement a character education program based on cognitive behav-ioral therapy(CBT) for university students and to verify its effectiveness. Methods This program, grounded in CBT, included psychoeducation, self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving training, and communication skills training. The study subjects were 35 university students ma-joring in child development and education, enrolled in the ‘Childcare Teacher Character Theory’ course offered during the second semester of 2022 at M University. The program was conducted over a total of 29 sessions, each lasting 75 minutes, held twice weekly. The effectiveness of the program was validated through pre- and post-as-sessments, using questionnaires to measure self-esteem, self-efficacy, depression, problem-solving ability, and psychological well-being. Additionally, content analysis was utilized to examine alterations in communication skills, along with specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes among the study subjects. Results The primary findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, significant differences were observed in self-es-teem, self-efficacy, problem-solving ability, and psychological well-being in the pre- and post-program assessments. Specifically, regarding depression, a significant difference was observed in the sub-factor of de-pressive affect. Secondly, the content analysis revealed that post-program implementation, there were seven positive changes observed across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains, including improvements in com-munication skills. Conclusions The character education program based on CBT for university students is expected to enhance self-esteem, self-efficacy, communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and psychological well-being, while reducing depressive affect, thus contributing to the cultivation of character. This study is significant in that it has developed and verified the effectiveness of a systematic, evidence-based character education program tailored for university students.

Readiness for re-entry among pre-release prisoners in Sarawak, Malaysia

PurposeRe-entry refers to the process of transitioning back into society after incarceration, and it is a complex phenomenon that requires further exploration. Therefore, this study aims to identify the readiness for re-entry among pre-release prisoners in Sarawak, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachUsing Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory as the theoretical foundation, quantitative place-based research was conducted among 384 pre-release prisoners in Kuching, Sri Aman, Sibu, Miri, Bintulu and Limbang prisons.FindingsThis study’s results indicated that most respondents were Malay male offenders between the ages of 25 and 29, Malaysian citizens, single and had completed their education up to the upper secondary level. Most respondents had multiple prior convictions (52.3%), were convicted for drug-related offences (50.3%), had served sentences ranging from two to five years (56.0%) and were scheduled for release in 2023 (60.7%). The findings also demonstrated that factors such as personal development, perceived employability, social development and health development significantly predict readiness for re-entry among pre-release prisoners [F(4, 379) = 96.269, p < 0.01].Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide place-based evidence for the state government to understand the prisoner profile for further policy intervention measures and to enhance the personal development, perceived employability, social development and health development of pre-release prisoners. Given that most offenses were drug-related, it is crucial to highlight the state government’s need to invest in evidence-based drug treatment programmes. Synergy among different stakeholders is important to devise appropriate drug treatment programmes tailored to the current needs of the prison population to ensure successful reintegration into society and to actualise their potential.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research study conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia, that examined re-entry readiness among pre-release prisoners. It contributes to the knowledge pool by providing place-based evidence that takes into account readiness for re-entry among pre-release prisoners in Sarawak, Malaysia, from an Asian perspective to promote the attainment of SDG16.

The Effects of Exercise Intervention on Physical Fitness and Problem Behaviors in Children with Developmental Disabilities: Focused on the Development of Evidencebased Exercise Program

PURPOSE: Developmental disabilities often result in decreased physical fitness and problematic behaviors. Participating in regular physical activity and exercise is one of the main ways to improve problems associated with developmental disabilities. In this study, we aimed to develop an evidence-based exercise program tailored to the characteristics, disability level, and functional level of children with developmental disabilities.METHODS: The development process is composed of the following nine steps: preliminary literature review, survey of physical activity participation, first expert group discussion, development of the first exercise program, feasibility study, focus group interview, second expert group discussion, development of the evidence-based exercise program, the validation of the developed exercise program.RESULTS: Participating in the evidence-based exercise program developed in this study was found to significantly improve cardiovascular fitness (6-minute walk), agility (standing long jump), and muscular function (sit-ups), but did not yield significant results in terms of flexibility (sit-and-reach). Additionally, the exercise program showed significant results in terms of reducing problem behaviors. The parents of children with developmental disabilities were all satisfied with the exercise program and its outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: The evidence-based exercise program developed in this study had positive effects on the physical fitness and behavior of children with developmental disabilities. This study provides a basis for the development of exercise programs through a safe and effective means for children with developmental disabilities.

The Experiences of Young People with Intellectual Disability, Parents and Professionals in Relationships and Sexuality Education Programmes: Findings from a Qualitative Study.

People with intellectual disability want friendships and meaningful relationships, and some want intimacy. However, the expression of sexuality is an area where potential freedoms are often limited and restricted compared to their peers. While some relationships and sexuality education programmes do exist for this population, most focus on knowledge acquisition regarding sexuality and sex but lack in their focus on relationships, informed choices and decision-making. The aim of this study was to identify good practices and methods of delivery in relationships and sexuality education for children and young people with intellectual disability. A qualitative design was undertaken. Information about our study was distributed to eight special schools in the UK. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were employed for data collection. Data from 37 pupils with intellectual disability, 11 parents and 16 healthcare and other professionals were thematically analysed. Following data analysis, three themes emerged: (i) seeking and sharing information; (ii) protecting and keeping safe; and (iii) learning for the future. The findings highlight that pupils are keen to learn about life changes and societal influences and want reliable information. Parents and professionals recognise that children and young people with intellectual disability will develop into adults and may be vulnerable when they leave the security of the school setting. They recognise that children and young people need to know about socialising, puberty, consent and contraception. Evidence-based programmes should be designed with these stakeholders to ensure children and young people with intellectual disability receive developmentally appropriate information to make happy and safe decisions about their relationships.

Disparity in the Burden of Caring for Older Persons between Families Living in Housing Estates and Traditional Communities in Thailand.

Thailand's rapid population aging and reliance on family-based long-term care requires research into disparities in family caregiver burden. Since the type of residence matters to the caregiving outcome, this research aimed to examine the difference in caregiver burden between residents of private housing estates and traditional village communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1276 family caregivers of community-dwelling Thai older adults, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The caregiver burden was examined using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and the care recipients' dependency status was examined using Barthel's Activity of Daily Living (ADL). Descriptive analysis, multivariate analysis of variance test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Family caregivers living in a traditional village community were 1.607 times more likely to experience emotional burden (adj. OR 1.607, 95% CI: 1.049, 2.462) and 2.743 times more likely to experience overall caregiver burden (adj. OR: 1.163, 95% CI: 1.163, 6.471) compared to those in the private housing estate group. Our findings showed significant differences in caregiver burden based on residential area, contributing with insights to evidence-based policies, interventions, and programs to minimize disparities and promote family caregivers' health and well-being.

Scaling and sustaining research tested interventions: Lessons learned from Rhode Island Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration 3.0.

Childhood obesity is a significant health problem associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Although evidence-based family healthy weight programs (FHWPs), such as JOIN for ME, have been developed, there is a significant lag before these are disseminated more broadly. This study outlines the process of participating in the Speeding Research-tested Interventions (SPRINT) program, highlighting lessons learned, to increase the reach of a previously tested and efficacious FHWP, JOIN for ME. Qualitative interviews were conducted with policymakers, benefits providers, employers, philanthropists, community stakeholders, and medical providers to iteratively test the developed JOIN for ME business model and identify themes regarding effective scaling and sustainability of an evidence-based FHWP. Rapid qualitative analysis of 45 interviews identified four key themes regarding scaling of an FHWP. These were (i) virtual program delivery, (ii) focus on equity, (iii) return on investment, and (iv) tie-in to local community. The process of engaging stakeholders from multiple backgrounds is critical to refining an efficacious program to ensure scalability and sustainment. The SPRINT process allows researchers to understand the marketplace for evidence-based interventions and develop adaptations for sustaining and scaling research tested programs.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Enhancing Sports Performance

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in enhancing sports performance. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) hold promise in enhancing sports performance across various disciplines. The study indicate that athletes who engage in mindfulness practices experience improvements in attentional control, emotional regulation, and stress management, all of which are critical for optimal athletic performance. By cultivating present-moment awareness and fostering a non-judgmental attitude toward thoughts and sensations, athletes can better focus on the task at hand, manage competitive pressure, and maintain peak performance under stressful conditions. Furthermore, MBIs have been shown to facilitate skill acquisition and execution, as well as promote recovery and injury rehabilitation. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of incorporating mindfulness training into sports training programs to enhance athletes' mental resilience and overall performance. However, further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which mindfulness exerts its effects on sports performance and to optimize the integration of MBIs into athletic training regimens. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Self-determination theory, cognitive-behavioral theory and flow theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in enhancing sports performance. Develop evidence-based mindfulness training programs tailored specifically for athletes across different sports disciplines and performance levels. Advocate for the integration of mindfulness training into athlete development programs at the grassroots, elite, and professional levels.

Coalition for Global Hearing Health Hearing Care Pathways Working Group: Guidelines for Clinical Guidance for Readiness and Development of Evidence-Based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs.

Editor's Note: The following article discusses the timely topic Clinical Guidance in the areas of Evidence-Based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs. This article aims to discuss areas of services needed, guidance to countries/organizations attempting to initiate early hearing detection and intervention systems. Expert consensus and systematic/scoping reviews were combined to produce recommendations for evidence-based clinical practice. In Ear and Hearing, our long-term goal for the Point of View article is to stimulate the field's interest in and to enhance the appreciation of the author's area of expertise. Hearing is an important sense for children to develop cognitive, speech, language, and psychosocial skills. The goal of universal newborn hearing screening is to enable the detection of hearing loss in infants so that timely health and educational/therapeutic intervention can be provided as early as possible to improve outcomes. While many countries have implemented universal newborn hearing screening programs, many others are yet to start. As hearing screening is only the first step to identify children with hearing loss, many follow-up services are needed to help them thrive. However, not all of these services are universally available, even in high-income countries. The purposes of this article are (1) to discuss the areas of services needed in an integrated care system to support children with hearing loss and their families; (2) to provide guidance to countries/organizations attempting to initiate early hearing detection and intervention systems with the goal of meeting measurable benchmarks to assure quality; and (3) to help established programs expand and improve their services to support children with hearing loss to develop their full potential. Multiple databases were interrogated including PubMed, Medline (OVIDSP), Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science and One Search, ERIC, PsychInfo. Expert consensus and systematic/scoping reviews were combined to produce recommendations for evidence-based clinical practice. Eight essential areas were identified to be central to the integrated care: (1) hearing screening, (2) audiologic diagnosis and management, (3) amplification, (4) medical evaluation and management, (5) early intervention services, (6) family-to-family support, (7) D/deaf/hard of hearing leadership, and (8) data management. Checklists are provided to support the assessment of a country/organization's readiness and development in each area as well as to suggest alternative strategies for situations with limited resources. A three-tiered system (i.e., Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced) is proposed to help countries/organizations at all resource levels assess their readiness to provide the needed services and to improve their integrated care system. Future directions and policy implications are also discussed.

How do the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Technology Transfer Centers Decide What Evidence-Based Practices to Disseminate and Determine How to Do So? A Cross-Sectional Study of a National Network.

It is important to use evidence-based programs and practices (EBPs) to address major public health issues. However, those who use EBPs in real-world settings often require support in bridging the research-to-practice gap. In the US, one of the largest systems that provides such support is the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) Technology Transfer Center (TTC) Network. As part of a large external evaluation of the Network, this study examined how TTCs determine which EBPs to promote and how to promote them. Using semi-structured interviews and pre-testing, we developed a "Determinants of Technology Transfer" survey that was completed by 100% of TTCs in the Network. Because the study period overlapped with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we also conducted a retrospective pre/post-pandemic comparison of determinants. TTCs reported relying on a broad group of factors when selecting EBPs to disseminate and the methods to do so. Stakeholder and target audience input and needs were consistently the most important determinant (both before and during COVID-19), while some other determinants fluctuated around the pandemic (e.g., public health mandates, instructions in the funding opportunity announcements). We discuss implications of the findings for technology transfer and frame the analyses in terms of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation.

Enhancing engagement in parenting programs: A comparative study of in-person, online, and telehealth formats

IntroductionParenting programs are widely used to prevent and ameliorate children’s emotional and behavioral problems but low levels of engagement undermine intervention effectiveness and reach within and beyond research settings. Technology can provide flexible and cost-effective alternate service-delivery formats for parenting programs, and studies are needed to assess the extent to which parents are willing to engage with digitally assisted formats. MethodsAfter Deployment, Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) is an evidence-based parenting program for military families. In the current comparative effectiveness trial, families were randomly assigned to either an in-person group (n = 95), self-directed online (n = 78), or individual telehealth (n = 71) formats of ADAPT. We explored whether children’s initial problem severity, parenting efficacy, parental depression, household income, child age, child gender, parental deployment length, and waiting time were related to parental engagement across different delivery formats. Zero-inflated Poisson regressions were used due to the distribution of the number of attended sessions. ResultsCompared to the in-person group format, parents in the individual telehealth and self-directed online formats had higher engagement levels. For the in-person format, parents who perceived their children as having more severe problems were more likely to enroll and families with a father deployed for longer time attended fewer sessions. In the self-directed online format, families with less depressed fathers were more likely to enroll. No predictors were found for the telehealth format. For all three formats, once parents took the first step to engage, they were likely to finish all sessions. DiscussionTechnology-assisted delivery formats have the potential to improve program engagement. Results from this study will help facilitate the development of specific strategies to promote engagement in the future.

The Role of Cooperative Extension in Delivering Training and Technical Assistance to Support Evidence-Based Behavioral Health Practices in Rural Communities.

The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to disproportionately affect those in rural, compared to urban, areas due to a variety of treatment and recovery barriers. One mechanism to increase capacity of rural-serving providers is through delivery of training and technical assistance (TTA) for evidence-based programs by leveraging the Cooperative Extension System. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework, the current study evaluates TTA delivered by the Northwest Rural Opioid Technical Assistance Collabroative to opioid prevention, treatment, and recovery providers on short- (satisfaction, anticipated benefit), medium-, (behavioral intention to change current practice), and long-term goals (changes toward adoption of evidence-based practices). We also evaluated differences in short- and medium-term goals by intensity of TTA event and rurality of provider. Surveys of 351 providers who received TTA indicated high levels of satisfaction with TTA events attended, expressed strong agreement that they would benefit from the event, intended to make a professional practice change, and preparation toward implementing changes. Compared to urban-based providers, rural providers reported higher intention to use TTA information to change current practice. We conclude with a review of remaining gaps in the research to practice pipeline and recommendations for moving forward.

Strengthening the Science and Practice of Implementation Support: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Training and Technical Assistance Centers.

Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year by U.S. federal agencies for training and technical assistance (TTA) to be delivered by training and technical assistance centers (TTACs) to "delivery system organizations" (e.g., federally qualified health centers, state departments of health, substance abuse treatment centers, schools, and healthcare organizations). TTACs are often requested to help delivery system organizations implement evidence-based interventions. Yet, counterintuitively, TTACs are rarely required to use evidence-based approaches when supporting delivery systems (in the use of evidence-based programs). In fact, evaluations of TTAC activities tend to be minimal; evaluation of technical assistance (if conducted at all) often emphasizes outputs (number of encounters), satisfaction, and self-reports of knowledge gained-more substantive outcomes are not evaluated. The gap between (a) the volume of TTA services being funded and provided and (b) the evaluation of those services is immense and has the potential to be costly. The basic question to be answered is: how effective are TTA services? This article introduces the special issue on Strengthening the Science and Practice of Implementation Support: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Training and Technical Assistance Centers. The special issue promotes 1) knowledge of the state of the art of evaluation of TTACs and 2) advances in what to evaluate in TTA. A major goal of the issue is to improve the science and practice of implementation support, particularly in the areas of TTA.

Factors Impacting ART Adherence among HIV-Positive Older Adolescents and Younger Adults in Namibia: A Qualitative Analysis

Background Namibia, like many sub-Saharan African countries, faces the challenges of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) affecting diverse age groups. However, the demographic group of older adolescents and younger adults, specifically those aged 15-24, faces distinct challenges in terms of psychological, sociocultural, and healthcare-related factors that impact their adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment (ART). It is important to conduct further research to investigate these specific challenges and address them effectively. Aim This paper aimed to investigate factors impacting adherence to ART medication among Older Adolescents (OA) and Younger Adults Living with HIV (YALHIV) in the seven high-burden regions in Namibia. Objective The objective of this study was to explore and describe the factors that influence adherence to ART medication among older adolescents and younger adults living with HIV to provide valuable insights to inform the development of evidence-based HIV programs that can effectively address the adherence challenges in this particular population. Methods A qualitative descriptive phenomenology research design was followed, utilising an in-depth interview to capture the experiences of older adolescents and younger adults living with HIV. Participants were recruited from healthcare facilities across Namibia, ensuring a diverse sample in terms of gender, socio-economic status, and urban-rural representation. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 29 participants who were willing to take part in the study and data saturation was achieved with this sample size. The interviews were telephonically recorded with the permission of the participants. The researcher used Colaizzi's six steps for phenomenological study to analyze the data. Results The study reveals four main themes that contribute to adherence issues in OALHIV and YALHIV and include patients-related factors, family-related factors, facility and healthcare providers-related factors, and community and socio-cultural characteristics-related factors. Conclusion The study sheds light on factors affecting adherence to ART among OALHIV and YALHIV. It emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive interventions addressing personal, sociocultural, economic, and healthcare challenges for their well-being. Future research and policies should focus on tailored interventions based on these diverse findings.

Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Dementia-Care Program Delivered by Community-Based Agency Staff.

Few proven dementia-care programs are integrated into community-based agencies. We report on theacceptability and effectiveness of an evidence-based program, Care of People in their Environment (COPE), delivered by community-based agency staff. Pretest/post-test design with 3 data points (baseline, 3-month program completion, 6-month follow-up). COPE was delivered by 6 occupational therapists and 4 social workers at 2 agency sites with people living with dementia and caregivers. Staff assessed the interests and abilities of people living with dementia, home safety, caregiver challenges, and readiness to learn strategies. Staff provided dementia education, stress reduction, and nonpharmacological techniques tailored to caregiver-identified challenges. Acceptability (3- and 6-months), included completed sessions, upset with and confidence managing care challenges, strategies used, and program satisfaction. Effectiveness (3- and 6-months) included people living with dementia's health events (falls, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and 911 calls), rehospitalization risk and functional dependence; and caregiver well-being and readiness. Benefits by in-person (n = 188) versus virtual/hybrid (n = 46) delivery due to Coronavirus Disease-2019 were evaluated. Of 843 dyads screened, 271 (32.1%) enrolled, 246 (90.8%) completed COPE, and 234 (95.1%) completed ≥1 follow-up. Regarding acceptability, caregivers completed about 8 sessions, reported improved confidence and upset (p < .001), most implemented strategies 3-months (72.8%) and 6-months (83.5%), and expressed high program satisfaction. For effectiveness, compared to baseline, odds of people living with dementia's health events were lower including rehospitalization risk, although functional dependence increased; caregiver well-being (3-, 6-months, p < .001) and readiness (3-months, p < .01) improved. Outcomes did not differ by delivery mode. Acceptability and effectiveness were strong. COPE resulted in tangible improvements for families regardless of delivery mode.

General practitioner workforce sustainability to maximise effective and equitable patient care: a realist review protocol

IntroductionThere are not enough general practitioners (GPs) in the UK National Health Service. This problem is worse in areas of the country where poverty and underinvestment in health and social...

Looking for a preventive approach to sexual harassment in academia. A systematic review

AbstractThe systematic review (PRISMA) on sexual harassment (SH) in academia looks at studies conducted since 2018 with the aim to direct updated research findings toward an effective prevention perspective. The findings confirm that academia is a breeding ground for SH due to power imbalances and that vulnerabilities related to the macro-dynamics of power, social and cultural inequalities are risk factors for SH. It is recommended that SH prevention interventions in academia 1. adopt a socio-ecological perspective; 2. include evidence-based programs such as those dedicated to bystanders; 3. are integrated with each other through valuable networking and multistakeholder involvement and 4. pay attention to support complaints, victim listening and intake activities. Future SH studies should promote: SH standardized definitions, intersectional perspectives, “all targets” surveys, research on protective factors, research on perpetrator perspective. Future interventions should act at the cultural level fighting structural inequality and a greater enhancement of evidence-based programs is required.

Психообразователни програми за повишаване на родителския капацитет за рефлексия и саморефлексия – систематичен обзор

Psychoeducational programs to enhance reflective parental capacity are among the main prevention and intervention strategies for parents of children with behavioural and emotional problems. The objectives of the present systematic literature review are: 1) to identify evidence-based psychoeducational programs for parents of children over three years of age that aim to increase parental capacity for reflection and self-reflection; 2) to describe the characteristics and outcomes of these programs on parameters of parental functioning, parent-child relationships, and children's behaviours. This systematic review follows the protocol for systematic review (PRISMA-P). In four of the studied programs, there are data on a significant increase in the ability to reflect, in two of them - on a reduction in parental stress, and in the others, tendencies are reported. Direct comparison between programs is impossible due to differences in research design.

Implementation of Obesity Science Into Clinical Practice: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Obesity is a recognized public health epidemic with a prevalence that continues to increase dramatically in nearly all populations, impeding progress in reducing incidence rates of cardiovascular disease. Over the past decade, obesity science has evolved to improve knowledge of its multifactorial causes, identifying important biological causes and sociological determinants of obesity. Treatments for obesity have also continued to develop, with more evidence-based programs for lifestyle modification, new pharmacotherapies, and robust data to support bariatric surgery. Despite these advancements, there continues to be a substantial gap between the scientific evidence and the implementation of research into clinical practice for effective obesity management. Addressing barriers to obesity science implementation requires adopting feasible methodologies and targeting multiple levels (eg, clinician, community, system, policy) to facilitate the delivery of obesity-targeted therapies and maximize the effectiveness of guideline-driven care to at-need patient populations. This scientific statement (1) describes strategies shown to be effective or promising for enhancing translation and clinical application of obesity-based research; (2) identifies key gaps in the implementation of obesity science into clinical practice; and (3) provides guidance and resources for health care professionals, health care systems, and other stakeholders to promote broader implementation and uptake of obesity science for improved population-level obesity management. In addition, advances in implementation science that hold promise to bridge the know-do gap in obesity prevention and treatment are discussed. Last, this scientific statement highlights implications for health research policy and future research to improve patient care models and optimize the delivery and sustainability of equitable obesity-related care.

Advances in Exercise in the Clinical Trials of Migraine: A Scoping Review.

This review aimed to investigate emerging evidence regarding the effectiveness of exercise for migraines, focusing on the results of recent trials. Additionally, it explored the possibility of exercise as a treatment for migraines. Between 2020 and 2023, five, four, one, and two trials were conducted regarding the effect of aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, Tai Chi, and yoga, respectively, on migraine; all studies showed significant effects. Two trials on aerobic exercise showed that high-intensity exercise was similar to or slightly more effective than moderate-intensity exercise as a treatment for migraines. Three trials on anaerobic exercise reported its effectiveness in preventing migraines. Regarding efficacy, side effects, and health benefits, aerobic exercises and yoga are potentially beneficial strategies for the prevention of migraines. Further studies are needed to develop evidence-based exercise programs for the treatment of migraines.

Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice Education Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The search, conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science up to December 2023, included studies published in English and Korean and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Qualitative appraisal of the studies was conducted using the revised ROB II for randomized trials and the ROBINS-I for non-randomized trials. For the meta-analysis, the effect size of the intervention was calculated as a standardized mean difference. In our study, 11 studies met our inclusion criteria, and 8 studies of those were included in the meta-analysis. The effect sizes for EBP competency, critical thinking, and problem-solving ability were 1.55, 1.29, and 0.65, respectively. The meta-regression analysis indicated that tailored education programs of 4-7 weeks and being in the 4th grade significantly enhanced EBP competency. These findings support the development of a customizable and applied EBP education actively for students, preparing nursing students to effectively implement EBP in clinical settings after graduation. Despite the significant effect size of the outcome variables, the high heterogeneity suggests the need for further investigation to validate the EBP educational outcomes for nursing students.