Evidence-based Philosophy Research Articles

Teaching vascular anatomy: the anatomy we know, the anatomy we see or the anatomy we need?

This article presents the evolution of the subject of vascular anatomy and discusses the associated clinical applicability. Clinically-driven surgical examples met in our everyday practice were used to depict characteristic anatomical paradoxes raised by the inconsistencies between classical anatomical perception, current imaging modalities and modern surgical techniques. Consequent anatomy-driven modifications of medical devices comprise a characteristic example of the vivid, modern and meaningful role that anatomy can have on clinical decision-making and improvement of technical and clinical success. Clinical experience provides a feedback that shifts the focus of anatomic research towards new fields of interest, such as the role of arterial collateral networks as therapeutic targets. The clinical feedback brings into light queries and issues where traditional anatomical answers may be vague and inadequate to apply, thereby necessitating further research, refinement and reevaluation. While the traditional teaching of vascular anatomy is based on information and illustrations derived from dissection and prosection courses, the development of modern imaging technologies applied in large numbers of living patients and application of minimally invasive techniques challenge our understanding of what should be perceived as fixed and permanent. Moreover, the recently introduced evidence-based philosophy in anatomy elaborate more robust data which not only update, validate and enrich the existing knowledge of anatomical variations but also enable subgroup analyses with respect to race, age and sex, identifying specific anatomic features associated with a significant impact on patient treatment.

Revisions of evidence-based governance: The case of the Austrian quality management system SQA

Throughout the last 30 years, many European countries have ‘modernized’ their governance of education. For the Central European school systems of Austria and the German Bundesländer it has been claimed that this ‘modernization’ was characterised by a sequence of reform ‘waves’ which culminated in introducing ‘evidence-based governance’ models characterised by nation-wide comparative performance testing, new school inspections, etc. This paper argues that we recently see the emergence of revisions of the original ‘evidence-based governance’ models which may be understood as a new ‘wave of modernization’ of school governance. These models aim to react to increasing criticism of the evidence-based philosophy, in particular to its ambivalent attitude to teacher professionalism. The paper at hand analyses the specific aspirations and features of ‘revised evidence-based governance instruments’ to discuss their potential as a policy future. In a second step, we take the Austrian quality management system SQA as an example for these new governance models. In an explorative study, we use case data to understand how teachers and school leaders evaluate this reform and its impact on their work. In particular, we are interested whether or not educational professionals feel that this reform conveys appreciation of and trust in their professional capacities.

Preferred Technique and Material Choice for exposed pulp among dentists practicing in Karachi

Aim: To assess the treatment preference of dentists working in Karachi for clinically managing pulp exposures and their choice of material for Direct Pulp Capping. Methods: A cross-sectional survey performed from 1st Nov 2018 to 15th April 2019 by selecting a simple random sample of 600 dentists from the 15 dental colleges. Total of 600 questionnaires was sent to the participants with the request to return it on or before 15th April 2019. Results: Significantly high number of responders, regardless of their clinical experience, handle pulp exposures with RCT in case of exposure ≤ 1mm (p=0.001), carious exposure (p=0.001) and mechanical exposure(p=0.001). The frequency of practitioners performing total caries excavation with definitive restoration was significantly higher (p=.001). The frequency of using Calcium Hydroxide (CH) for DPC was significantly higher (p=.001) as compared to other materials. Conclusion: It appears as if current evidence-based philosophy of conservative approach to deal with pulp exposures has not yet been completely adopted by responding clinicians and tendency to treat pulp exposure through RCT prevails. The majority of the dentists still employs CH as a material of choice for DPC. Keywords: Dental Pulp Capping (MeSH); Pulp Capping Agents (MeSH).

IS THERE A PLACE FOR PSYCHEDELICS IN PHILOSOPHY?

Based on anthropological fieldwork on the revival of hallucinogen research as well as on the epistemic culture of neurophilosophy, this Common Knowledge guest column examines two very different philosophical engagements with psychedelic drugs. In Thomas Metzinger's evidence-based philosophy of mind, hallucinogens help to operationalize questions about the nature of consciousness. While this project contributes to the great divide between empirically enlightened moderns and tradition-oriented premoderns, Metzinger's neurophilosophical reanimation of the ancient conception of philosophy as cultura animi can build a bridge to Aldous Huxley's perennial philosophy, which has informed the psychedelic intelligentsia like no other body of thought. In the sixteenth century, the philosophia perennis grew out of a decidedly nonmodern (but not pre- or antimodern) philosophy of religion that sought to suture the historical and cultural cracks that would come to define modernity. This essay argues that neurophilosophy and ethnographic studies of consciousness cultures could function as critical correctives in a contemporary rearticulation of perennial philosophy.

Dental Recall and Maintenance Regimens: Toward an Evidence-based Philosophy for Care of the Prosthodontic Patient.

Journal of ProsthodonticsVolume 25, Issue S1 p. S1-S1 Supplement Article Dental Recall and Maintenance Regimens: Toward an Evidence-based Philosophy for Care of the Prosthodontic Patient First published: 29 December 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12428Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume25, IssueS1Special Issue: ACP Clinical Practice Guidelines: Recall and Maintenance of Patients with Tooth-Borne and Implant-Borne Dental RestorationsJanuary 2016Pages S1-S1 RelatedInformation

Commentary on Norcross and Karpiak's "Clinical psychologists in the 2010s: 50 years of the APA division of clinical psychology".

This commentary offers a challenge to Norcross and Karpiak's (2012) claim that the psychodynamic orientation is on the decline in clinical psychology, based upon the data that they present. I urge clinical psychologists/scientists to recognize that there are psychodynamic researchers who have embraced evidence-based philosophy and practices; I advocate a rapprochement between Division 12 (Society of Clinical Psychology) and 39 (Psychoanalysis), and I propose a defense of pluralism in which all clinical psychologists recognize the obligation to engage other orientations and points of view that differ from their own and to do so respectfully.

Toward Defining Dentists’ Evidence‐Based Practice: Influence of Decade of Dental School Graduation and Scope of Practice on Implementation and Perceived Obstacles

Academic dental institutions today seek to provide curricular content and learning opportunities for students to develop an essential skill set for evidence-based practice. To support that effort, studies that explore current practice patterns are valuable in identifying factors that influence the evidence-based habits and behaviors of dental school graduates. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and behavior of private practice dentists in the state of Iowa with respect to evidence-based dentistry and to determine the influence of the dentist's education and the scope of his or her practice on those opinions and habits. A questionnaire addressing practitioners' familiarity with, understanding of, and adoption of an evidence-based philosophy of practice was mailed in September 2009 to all dentists licensed and practicing in Iowa. Questionnaires were returned by 518 practitioners, for an overall response rate of 38.4 percent. The majority of respondents reported awareness, understanding, and adoption of an evidence-based approach to their practice of dentistry. Recent graduates were more likely to report insufficient time as the primary obstacle to practicing evidence-based dentistry. Dental specialists indicated a higher level of comfort in assessing scientific information, as well as implementing current reliable, valid published research in practice, than did general practitioners.

Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: why painful? An evidence-based philosophy

Chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy is generally difficult to treat as the background to the pain mechanisms has not yet been clarified. A wide range of conservative and surgical treatment options are available. Most address intratendinous degenerative changes when present, as it is believed that these changes are responsible for the symptoms. Since up to 34% of asymptomatic tendons show histopathological changes, we believe that the tendon proper is not the cause of pain in the majority of patients. Chronic painful tendons show the ingrowth of sensory and sympathetic nerves from the paratenon with release of nociceptive substances. Denervating the Achilles tendon by release of the paratenon is sufficient to cause pain relief in the majority of patients. This type of treatment has the additional advantage that it is associated with a shorter recovery time when compared with treatment options that address the tendon itself. An evidence-based philosophy on the cause of pain in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy is presented. Level of evidence V.

Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: why painful? An evidence-based philosophy

Chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy is generally difficult to treat as the background to the pain mechanisms has not yet been clarified. A wide range of conservative and surgical treatment options are available. Most address intratendinous degenerative changes when present, as it is believed that these changes are responsible for the symptoms. Since up to 34% of asymptomatic tendons show histopathological changes, we believe that the tendon proper is not the cause of pain in the majority of patients. Chronic painful tendons show the ingrowth of sensory and sympathetic nerves from the paratenon with release of nociceptive substances. Denervating the Achilles tendon by release of the paratenon is sufficient to cause pain relief in the majority of patients. This type of treatment has the additional advantage that it is associated with a shorter recovery time when compared with treatment options that address the tendon itself. An evidence-based philosophy on the cause of pain in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy is presented. Level of evidence V.

Strategies for treating rheumatoid arthritis: new guidelines from the ACR

What is a clinical guideline? Traditionally, a clinical guideline is known as a protocol designed to be an aid for guiding practitioners through critical decisions regarding diagnosis, treatment and management of a specific condition, shaped by both tradition and select specialists. Modern medicine with the introduction of evidence-based philosophy, has facilitated the evolution of guidelines to recommendations, taking into account the exponentially expanding quantity of literature, as well as the uniqueness of individual patients. ACR presents practice recommendations as the culmination of scientific research, trial-based evidence and expert opinion to the practicing clinician. These recommendations allow each physician to consider recommended approaches while making treatment decisions for their individual patients. In June 2008, Saag et al., as selected by the ACR, published the third set of recommendations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing solely on the use of nonbiologic and biologic DMARDs. The mission was to create a series of recommendations on five areas set by the ACR: