Communication In Everyday Life Research Articles

How People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Use Personalized Automatic Speech Recognition Technology to Support Communication.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, ultimately fatal disease causing progressive muscular weakness. Most people living with ALS (plwALS) experience dysarthria, eventually becoming unable to communicate using natural speech. Many wish to use speech for as long as possible. Personalized automated speech recognition (ASR) model technology, such as Google's Project Relate, is argued to better recognize speech with dysarthria, supporting maintenance of understanding through real-time captioning. The objectives of this study are how plwALS and communication partners use Relate in everyday conversation over a period of up to 12 months and how it may change with any decline in speech over time. This study videoed interactions between three plwALS and communication partners. We assessed ASR caption accuracy and how well they preserved meaning. Conversation analysis was used to identify participants' own organizational practices in the accomplishment of interaction. Thematic analysis was used to understand better the participants' experiences of using ASR captions. All plwALS reported lower-than-expected ASR accuracy when used in conversation and felt ASR captioning was only useful in certain contexts. All participants liked the concept of live captioning and were hopeful that future improvements to ASR accuracy may support their communication in everyday life. Training is needed on best practices for customization and practical use of ASR technology and for the limitations of ASR in conversational settings. Support is needed for those less confident with technology and to reduce misplaced allocation of ownership of captioning errors, risking negative effects on psychological well-being.

“I used to be a storyteller”: the perspectives of people with primary progressive aphasia on the communication needs for themselves and their family members

ABSTRACT Background Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) refers to a group of neurological disorders characterised by the progressive deterioration of language functions. The primary avenue of support for the wide-ranging impacts of PPA on the lives of people with PPA and their family members is the delivery of communication care from speech-language pathologists. To align the provision of communication care services and the development of communication interventions with the peoples’ and family members’ needs, it is important to understand those needs from the perspectives of key stakeholders, particularly individuals with PPA. Aims The aims of the current study were to explore (a) the communication needs of people with PPA in the early and middle stages, and (b) the communication needs of their family members, from the perspectives of people with PPA. Methods & Procedures Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with seven people with PPA (all variants of PPA) from one to 96 months post diagnosis. The qualitative data was analysed using qualitative content analysis to identify codes and categories that related to the study’s research aims. Outcomes & Results Qualitative content analysis yielded six categories of communication need pertaining to people with PPA: Diagnosis and disclosure; Wanting information for self and the general public; General communication difficulties; Impact on communication in everyday life; Impact on psychosocial wellbeing; and Future planning. In contrast, only one category of need pertaining to family members was identified: Impact on family and others. Conclusion This study has yielded a breadth of findings on the communication needs of people with PPA and an initial contribution on those of their family members, implicating a range of health and social care professionals and other system level supports, as well as community members and family and friends, in addition to speech-language pathology services. Speech-language pathologists supporting this population might consider needs in areas such as impact on working life, impact on driving, coping with a changing self-perception of their identity (e.g. as a storyteller), and managing fluctuation in communication abilities. Future research can build on these findings to inform clinical practice and to develop interventions which address the needs of this population.

Conflict and communication in everyday life: An exploration of intercommunity conflict in Assam, India

AbstractEthnic conflicts have proved to be inherently dangerous and repressive across the globe. While this signification cannot be negated, a deeper articulation of liminal existences in the conflict‐prone areas requires more attention. Using case studies with a qualitative research design, the paper emphasizes on conflict as a social force, facilitating the (re)structuration of communities entangled within it. The paper explores the mundane lived experiences of the Adivasis and the Bodos, two of the ethnic communities living in Assam, a Northeastern state of India, by making a few claims. First, ethnic conflicts reorient social relations, intercommunity interactions and economic exchanges between the Adivasis and Bodos. Second, ethnic conflicts recourse varied negotiations and emotions in their being(ness), aspirational values, and embodied meanings in mundane life‐processes. The complex realization of identities for the Adivasis and the Bodos is fostered by the exposure of fear, past loss of life, and the varied interactions between victims and perpetrators in everyday social life.

Your team can make you a better person: Team cohesion is associated with off‐field prosocial behaviour via fairplay team norms and empathy in rugby union

AbstractAmple research has investigated the relationship between team cohesion and on‐field behaviour, while the association between the first and off‐field prosocial behaviour has been almost overlooked. To fill this gap, we conducted a study in a sample of Italian Rugby Union athletes to examine whether: (a) team cohesion is associated with off‐field prosocial behaviour; and (b) the underlying mechanisms of this association. We focused on the two dimensions of team cohesion, that is social and task cohesion, and hypothesized that social cohesion should be associated with off‐field individual prosocial behaviour via empathy, while the association between task cohesion and off‐field individual prosocial behaviour should be mediated by on‐field fairplay team norms. In total, 497 amateur, sub‐elite, and elite Italian Rugby Union players (128 females) took part in this study by filling out an online survey. Results revealed that social cohesion was associated with greater empathy, which in turn was associated with greater expression of off‐field prosocial behaviour. Task cohesion was associated with both greater on‐field fairplay team norms and greater empathy, which in turn was linked to more off‐field prosocial behaviour. Results are discussed with respect to the role of team cohesion in favouring the expression of prosocial behaviour off‐field, thus underlying the role of sport in fostering moral behaviour (also) in everyday community life.

‛It's all communication': Family members' perspectives on the communication needs for themselves and their relatives with primary progressive aphasia.

Communication disabilities, such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), impact family members as well as the individuals with the condition. To provide adequate communication care to people with PPA (PwPPA) and their family members, it is crucial to understand the communication needs from the family members' perspectives. To date, research on the communication needs of people with primary progressive aphasia and their family members from the perspectives of family members has been limited. The specific research objectives were to explore (a) the communication needs pertaining to PwPPA in the early, middle and late stages; and (b) the communication needs pertaining to family members of PwPPA in the early, middle and late stages, from the perspectives of family members. This study employed a qualitative description approach, underpinned by the pragmatic paradigm. Data collection involved semi-structured qualitative interviews with eight family members (relatives of four individuals with the logopenic variant of PPA, of two individuals with the nonfluent variant of PPA, of one individual with the semantic variant of PPA and of one individual with mixed PPA). Qualitative content analysis was used to identify codes and categories in relation to the research objectives. Qualitative content analysis revealed eight categories of communication needs pertaining to the PwPPA: person-specific needs; diagnosis and disclosure; general communication difficulties; impact on communication in everyday life; impact on cognition; impact on psychosocial well-being; impact on person's dignity and autonomy; and future planning. Six categories were identified pertaining to the family members: information about and awareness of PPA; impact of communication difficulties on family/others; increased responsibilities for the family in everyday life; impact on psychosocial well-being; and future planning. This investigation has expanded our knowledge in the area by providing insights about communication needs which speech-language pathologists and other health professionals should be aware of and take into account when providing communication care to PwPPA and their families. What is already known on the subject Person- and family-centred communication care is optimally guided by the person's and family's needs and values. Research on communication care for people with primary progressive aphasia has underscored the inclusion of family members. Previous research has investigated the impact and experiences of living with primary progressive aphasia from the family member perspective. What this paper adds to existing knowledge To date, research focusing on identifying the communication needs of people with primary progressive aphasia and their family members from the perspective of family members is limited. This study adds the family members' perspectives on the communication needs pertaining to themselves and their relatives with primary progressive aphasia in the early, middle and late stages of primary progressive aphasia. What are the potential or clinical implications of this work? Several clinical implications have been raised. Family members experience communication needs for themselves and should be included as recipients of communication care. Clinicians supporting people with primary progressive aphasia should be cognizant of the impact of communication fatigue on everyday life and therapy tasks. Communication care for this population should include communication partner training, support for psychosocial well-being and support with communication around future planning.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pembeli yang Beritikad Baik Terkait Jual Beli Tanah dan Implikasinya

The issue of buying and selling cannot be separated from everyday community life, and good intentions in buying and selling are crucial factors. This ensures that buyers with good intentions will receive legal protection in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Good intentions in buying and selling are closely related to land transactions, as land plays a vital role in national development. This raises the question of the position of buyers with good intentions in land transactions carried out by PT Jasa Marga (Persero) and the position of legal entities acquiring land rights. This study uses a normative juridical research method. The position of PT Jasa Marga (Persero) in the purchase of a piece of land under SHM Number 3147 in the name of Dewi Astuti is seen as a buyer with good intentions. Despite the legal defect in the object of the transaction due to the issuance of a certificate based on a fake document, which fails to meet the objective requirements of an agreement, PT Jasa Marga (Persero) is considered a bona fide buyer. Therefore, they should receive legal protection under the prevailing laws. The legal consequences of the ownership of the land acquired by PT Jasa Marga (Persero) through the transfer of rights between Dewi Astuti and PT Jasa Marga (Persero) are invalid. As a legal entity, PT Jasa Marga (Persero) cannot have ownership rights to land in the form of full ownership; a legal entity can only have land rights under certain conditions, such as the Right to Cultivate, Right to Build, and Right to Use as stipulated in Article 30, Article 36, and Article 42 of UUPA Number 5 of 1960.

Theoretical Basis of Training of Pedagogues and Psychologists for the Development of Cognitive Activity of Teenagers

The main problem: the current directions of its development are determined in the article by conducting a theoretical analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological, scientific and methodical works on the training of specialists for the development of the cognitive activity of teenagers. Currently, it is shown that the training of specialists in the development of cognitive activity of teenagers is a pedagogical and psychological problem. Purpose: to clarify the theory and propose a technology for the training of pedagogical and psychological specialists for the development of the cognitive activity of adolescents. Methods: When conducting the research, it was important to take into account statistical data that were sufficiently understandable and reliable. Therefore, in the framework of our research, we used the methodology of B. E. Milman, survey, method of expert evaluation, conversation, questionnaire, interview, series of tests, which include observation and open questions. The results and their significance: according to the results, the methodological predominance of the average level of social intelligence allowed students to see the following signs: the social significance of professional behavior, actions, relationships, full mastery of theoretical knowledge. During the course, we believe that the existence of a reflexive culture, which is evidenced by the improvement of communication in everyday life, in turn, is very valuable. Development of thinking, training and education of future teachers-psychologists, preparation for creative activity depend on methodological competence, qualifications and training of the teacher in the organization of research activities. Self-learning needs and skills do not arise by themselves. Such qualities begin to be formed in the process of organizing educational activities during the joint work of teachers and students in and out of class, even during school. In accordance with the tasks of the professional training of the future pedagogue-psychologist, active methods of training - problem-based lectures, seminars, debates and discussions, professional-oriented special courses, course and diploma works, scientific studies of school pedagogy and didactics, educational events such as scientifically organized forms of continuous pedagogical practice. As a result of mastering pedagogical activity, professional motivation of future pedagogical-psychological specialists is formed, understanding of goals and tasks, subject, psychological-pedagogical and didactic-methodical knowledge is developed, as well as relevant skills and abilities necessary for the development of cognitive activity of teenagers.

Social consequences of planned relocation in response to sea level rise: impacts on anxiety, well-being, and perceived safety

Governments globally are adapting to sea level rise through a range of interventions to improve everyday lives of communities at risk. One prominent response is planned relocation, where people and communities are enabled to move from localities exposed to coastal erosion and inundation as a result of sea level rise. Managed retreat has significant social consequences including under-reported impacts on health, well-being and social identity. Here we adopt well-established measures of well-being and document the outcomes of planned relocation on well-being in the Volta Delta region of Ghana. Data from a bespoke survey for individuals (n = 505) in relocated and non-relocated communities demonstrate that planned relocation negatively impacts well-being and anxiety of those relocated when compared to a community that is equally exposed but has not moved. Individuals in the relocated community reported significantly lower levels of overall wellbeing, significantly higher levels of anxiety, and lower perceptions of safety, compared to non-relocated community members. These outcomes are explained as being related to the disruption of community connection, identities, and feelings of efficacy. Relocated community members reported significantly lower levels of attachment to the local area and home, significantly lower levels of community-based self-efficacy, and significantly lower levels of overall community-based identity. The results demonstrate that planned relocation to address sea level rise has multiple social consequences with outcomes for well-being that are not straightforwardly related to risk reduction.

Mapping everyday community life in suburban shrinking areas around Tokyo: case study of Minamiashigara, Kanagawa prefecture

ABSTRACT Although the suburbs of numerous cities worldwide are shrinking, research on how to address suburban decline remains scarce. This paper explores participatory mapping in shrinking suburbs as a tool to articulate knowledge co-creation between local officials and communities to inform planning decisions. The paper argues that participatory planning helps to identify sweet spots, everyday life community spaces upon which to anchor regeneration strategies. Using as a case study Minamiashigara, a shrinking suburb of Tokyo, the paper discusses how sweet spots can be integrated into existing municipal strategies to alleviate the consequences of shrinkage.

Music in the Bektashi Order in RN Macedonia: Aspects of Performance

The spiritual tradition of the Turkish population in RN Macedonia is rich and still nurtures some segments of Sufism from the Ottoman period such as the Bektashi dervish order. In the period before the arrival of the Ottomans (around the 13th century), numerous Sufis were active in these territories, which in some way represented a transition point for the conquest and settlement of the Turks. Numerous Bektashi tekkes were built during the Ottoman period, several of which are still active today. Depending on the ethnic composition of the followers, the linguistic dominance of these Sufi structures also changes. The only Bektashi tekke whose members are Turks is the tekke ‘Dikmen Baba’ located in the village Kanatlarci near Prilep. This tekke is one of the few in the Bektashi orders that, despite several divisions in the spiritual leadership, has operated without interruption since its founding in the 16th century. Such divisions did not affect the essence of the spiritual beliefs nor the ritual forms of this dervish order which remain almost identical to those practised at the very beginning. The main focus of this paper will be the musical tradition of the ritual, and for the following reasons: 1. music, as the main activity of the Bektashi rituals, is the essential vehicle for spreading and reinforcing beliefs and wisdom for everyday community life, 2. its importance as a fundamental tool in the expression of mystical theosophy, and 3. variations in the repertoire as a result of drawing upon and integrating sacred music from local populations. For this purpose, field research, interviews, and the analysis of audio materials from the sacred rites of the Bektashi tekke Dikmen Baba in the village of Kanatlarci have been carried out.

From the Ghetto to Auschwitz and Back – Transgenerational Trauma

A city in present-day Romania with a multicultural, multiethnic and multiconfessional history, Oradea (Nagyvarad, Grosswardein, Varadino, Magnum Varadinum) has had from its very foundation an entirely distinct geopolitical reality, its century-long existence being marked by a wide variety and continuous differentiation, which penetrate deeply into every aspect of everyday community life. The Jewish community, actively present since the 18th century, carved out a place for itself and represented a hub of Jewish emancipation in the episcopal city, which was often a battleground for the hegemonic local forces, the reformed Transylvanian ones, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. After a long and relatively peaceful period of Romanian rule (1918–1940), following the Second World War the population of Oradea was shaken by racial laws issued first by the Romanian authority and afterwards by the Horthyst occupying forces (1940–1944) in Northern Transylvania, which concentrated Jews for deportation in the second biggest ghetto in Eastern Europe after Budapest. The demography of Oradea showed the loss of one third of its residents. Out of nearly 30,000 inhabitants, barely 2000 survivors returned, and the transgenerational trauma sent its echoes through time to the fourth generation, that of today’s teenagers. Their grandparents and great-grandparents, returned from deportation, had to go through another trauma and persecution, with the communists’ coming to power in 1948 and soon afterwards, that of the ‚red antisemitism’. The ways this trauma passed down across generations and deepened during communist totalitarianism, its masks during the postcommunit period, as well as the means of limiting and combating it are the ramifications of the topic which was examined not only theoretically, but by concrete examples of original case studies based on face-to-face interviews and microhistorical accounts received from the descendants of concentration camp suvivors. To these we shall add several examples from post Shoah memoirs of Oradea survivors and their descendants.

A dialogical approach in an educational conversation on the topic of ethnicity and identity

This article presents a look at ethnicity from the point of view of some important sociological and socioanthropological theories and based on empirical data. One of these theories is Frederick Barth's theory of ethnicity. Everyday life communication and the practice of social interaction are the subjects of the study of ethnomethodology by Harold Garfinkel, and it is an important topic in the dialogic theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. In my study of ethnicity, these approaches, since it is in them that communication is given a primary role, are central and are also reflected in the research method - the method of conversational analysis. Two empirical examples from a rural hospital in Kazakhstan show speech genres in which the ethnic category becomes an integral part of the action and an important means of communication. In this case, the interlocutors resort to the ethnic category in order to clarify the identity of the person they are talking about. In such moments of social interaction, ethnicity is important for interlocutors not in the sense of collective group identity, which divides people into groups, covering up a person's personality, but as information necessary for recognizing and clarifying a specific personality. We are not talking about family, friendship or other close relationships in which the ethnic difference has either long been forgotten or did not matter at all, but about relationships where the interlocutors do not have sufficient information about each other. In this sense, ethnic categories can be compared to a certain extent with the name of a person. The author believes that the use of ethnic categories in everyday language speaks about the similarity of people, about their common speech practices, which are often dominated by stereotypical knowledge, about their common socialization, communication environment, worldview that developed at the beginning of the formation of the (multinational) Soviet state.

Hearing loss, depression, and cognition in younger and older adult CI candidates.

Hearing loss in old age is associated with cognitive decline and with depression. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between hearing loss, cognitive decline, and secondary depressive symptoms in a sample of younger and older cochlear implant candidates with profound to severe hearing loss. This study is part of a larger cohort study designated to provide information on baseline data before CI. Sixty-one cochlear implant candidates with hearing loss from adulthood onwards (>18 years) were enrolled in this study. All had symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss in both ears (four-frequency hearing threshold difference of no more than 20 dB, PTA). Individuals with primary affective disorders, psychosis, below-average intelligence, poor German language skills, visual impairment, and a medical diagnosis with potential impact on cognition (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases,) were excluded. Four-frequency hearing thresholds (dB, PTA, better ear) were collected. Using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, we assessed subjective hearing in noise. Clinical and subclinical depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II). Cognitive status was assessed with a neurocognitive test battery. Our findings revealed a significant negative association between subjective hearing in noise (APHAB subscale "Background Noise") and BDII. However, we did not observe any link between hearing thresholds, depression, and cognition. Additionally, no differences emerged between younger (25-54 years) and older subjects (55-75 years). Unexpectedly, further unplanned analyses unveiled correlations between subjective hearing in quiet environments (APHAB) and cognitive performance [phonemic fluency (Regensburg Word Fluency), cognitive flexibility (TMTB), and nonverbal episodic memory (Nonverbal Learning Test), as well as subjective hearing of aversive/loud sounds (APHAB)], cognitive performance [semantic word fluency (RWT), and inhibition (Go/Nogo) and depression]. Duration of hearing loss and speech recognition at quiet (Freiburg Monosyllables) were not related to depression and cognitive performance. Impact of hearing loss on mood and cognition appears to be independent, suggesting a relationship with distinct aspects of hearing loss. These results underscore the importance of considering not only conventional audiometric measures like hearing thresholds but also variables related to hearing abilities during verbal communication in everyday life, both in quiet and noisy settings.

Physiological Motivational Meanings of Farmer's Chant 'Amang Kasuruan' During the Cap Tikus Production (Semiotic Analysis, Ethnolinguistic Approach)

The cultural legacy holds a position of utmost richness in the collective human society. It manifests in diverse forms, with cultural traditions displaying unparalleled uniqueness across regions. These distinctive traits, deeply ingrained in the societal fabric, are exemplified by various customs, including the reverence for indigenous languages expressed through song. The significance of regional languages, especially in indigenous or cultural musical compositions, profoundly influences the everyday lives of communities. North Sulawesi, with its diverse tribes, epitomizes a cultural mosaic characterized by rich mores and customs. Among these, the South Minahasa tribe prominently utilizes the Tountemboan language as a linguistic emblem. This vernacular permeates daily discourse, not only in conversations but also resonating within the verses of songs and chants, inseparable from their artisanal endeavors. This study explores the motivational significance embedded in folk songs utilized during the intricate process of crafting Cap Tikus, a cultural artifact interwoven with the region's agricultural pursuits. The amalgamation of labor and lyrical expression in this context provides an intriguing subject for investigation, acting as a catalyst for instilling enthusiasm and fortitude among farmers, particularly those dedicated to cap tikus cultivation. Methodologically, the research employs a descriptive qualitative approach following Spradley's framework. It is supplemented by Semiotic analysis, drawing from Ferdinand Saussure's perspective on signs in the social milieu. Additionally, the study integrates Abraham Maslow's theory of motivational needs, outlining a hierarchical structure that encompasses physiological or basic needs. The explication of motivational underpinnings, ensuring the fulfillment of basic needs, unfolds through the impassioned rendition of folk songs during the cap tikus farming process. In essence, this research reveals the profound layers of motivation inherent in the ritualistic singing of folk songs, elucidating their role as markers and signifiers within the lyrical fabric. The comprehensive explication of these motivational meanings serves as a testament to the intricate interplay between cultural expressions, agricultural practices, and the fulfillment of fundamental human needs.

Skilling communication: The discourse and metadiscourse of communication in self-help books

ABSTRACT In the past few decades, self-help books on communication have ranked among the top titles on bestseller lists. Offering advice about improving communication skills in a variety of contexts, they both reflect and promote a widespread discourse about the importance of good communication in everyday life, in what is in fact a paradoxical endeavor – solving flawed communication with more communication. Based on an analysis of 18 bestselling self-help books, the paper examines the meaning of three recurring themes – “listening,” “awareness” and “practice” – and analyzes the paradoxical relationship between what the books say about communication and how they say it. The findings serve to illuminate the relationship between communication and metacommunication more broadly, which, in turn, helps to explain the conditions by which authors express their ideas – their selection of textuality, despite, and precisely because of, its difference from oral talk.

Centring participant voices through metaphor in employment relations research

ABSTRACT Metaphorical concepts shape our thoughts, actions, and communication in everyday life. A rich network of metaphors underlies employment relations theories, framing our understanding of work and employment. This article urges employment relations researchers to use metaphors not just in theory, but in empirical data collection. Metaphor elicitation methods offer insights beyond what can be gleaned using traditional methods, such as interview, alone. Using the context of research into youth non-standard employment, this article proposes that through incorporating methods such as metaphor elicitation, employment relations research can uncover greater depth of experience, and empower workers who may lack voice or power.

Chronotope of Engineering and Pedagogical Thinking

The article is devoted to engineering and pedagogical thinking as a kind of professional thinking that exists due to specific reasons and necessary and sufficient conditions. The “assembly” of these causes and conditions takes place in a certain time-and-place (chronotope), the conceptual reconstruction of which opens the way to overcoming the traditions of haphazard enumerative descriptions of various properties that have developed in the literature and to reaching the construction of the theory of engineering and pedagogical thinking, which, in turn, will help to reasonably update the content and organization of training engineers-teachers, on whom a lot depends in the near technological future of Russia. A review of the characteristics of engineering-pedagogical and related engineering and pedagogical thinking presented in scientific publications is proposed. It shows the need for greater certainty in understanding the nature, foundations, essence and features of heterogeneous engineering and pedagogical thinking. Heterogeneity requires actualization of the potential not only of pedagogy and technical sciences, but also of philosophy, cultural studies, sociology, and psychology. Such actualization shows the heuristic of the communicative interpretation of the nature and essence of thinking. In its light, engineering-pedagogical thinking appears simultaneously as an articulated and unarticulated, discrete and continuous communication of engineers-teachers with students, within which the competencies required by the profession and the impulse developing engineering and technical flair and ingenuity are transmitted, “infecting” (V. Shklovsky2) and charging them, thanks to which communication overcomes the boundaries of the chronotope, gaining continuum features, demonstrating its pulsating situational-suprasituative (corpuscular-wave) dualism. The scientific novelty lies in the justification, by the example of advancing to the theory of engineering and pedagogical thinking, of supplementing the competence approach with consideration of no less significant cultural and subcultural factors, including latent ones, which sometimes manifest themselves in very weak signals about the features of the chronotope of training engineers and technicians by engineers–teachers, not so much by virtue of official regulations as by virtue of singular acts of everyday life communication.

The Role of Teachers in the Language Development of Children with Disabilities in Cemara Wilis Special School in Samarinda

Child development includes various aspects of life, including language development in children. Language itself functions as a means of communication in everyday life for all individuals. Disability is divided into various types. The role of teachers is also very important to help develop and improve language optimally for children who experience disabilities. The purpose of this study is to describe how children's language development, especially in children with disabilities and the role of teachers as educators in facilitating children's language development in SLB Cemara Wilis. The method used is qualitative with data analysis techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The samples used in this study were four children with different conditions. Samples one and two children with tunagrahita who are both permissive parenting, the third sample of children with ASD with permissive parenting, and the last sample of children with downsyndrome with democratic parenting. Based on the above samples, it can be seen that the language development of children with disabilities is different and teachers play a very important role in helping children's language development.
 Keywords: Disability, Teacher’s Role, Parenting

Prosodic signatures of ASD severity and developmental delay in preschoolers

Atypical prosody in speech production is a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that can impact everyday life communication. Because the ability to modulate prosody develops around the age of speech acquisition, it might be affected by ASD symptoms and developmental delays that emerge at the same period. Here, we investigated the existence of a prosodic signature of developmental level and ASD symptom severity in a sample of 74 autistic preschoolers. We first developed an original diarization pipeline to extract preschoolers’ vocalizations from recordings of naturalistic social interactions. Using this novel approach, we then found a robust voice quality signature of ASD developmental difficulties in preschoolers. Furthermore, some prosodic measures were associated with one year later outcome in participants who had not acquired speech yet. Altogether, our results highlight the potential benefits of automatized diarization algorithms and prosodic metrics for digital phenotyping in psychiatry, helping clinicians establish early diagnosis and prognosis.

Health-related communication in everyday life: Communication partners, channels, and patterns

Abstract Although health matters are commonly discussed in various social contexts, health-related interpersonal communication still remains a black box in health communication research. Bringing together research from the fields of health communication and interpersonal communication, we therefore examine how people communicate about health and illness in their everyday lives. Based on Channel Complementary Theory and the concept of communication repertoires, we focus on a) the communication partners, b) the communication channels, and c) the communication patterns relevant to health-related interpersonal communication. We conducted a qualitative study with 22 semi-structured online interviews combined with ego-centered network maps. Findings show that a) what is discussed with whom depends on the intimacy of the relationship, topic sensitivity, and partners’ personal characteristics, b) face-to-face communication is the preferred way of communicating, and c) (a-)symmetry of roles, (in)formality, and intimacy of the relationship influence communication.