Effects Of Fire Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Effect of Synergistic Extinguishing Method Based on Liquid Nitrogen on Lithium-Ion Battery Fire After Thermal Runaway

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) catch fire easily due to thermal runaway (TR). Fires following TR in LIBs pose a serious threat to public safety. Effective extinguishing methods for LIB fires have not been developed. In this work, the effect of a synergistic fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen (LN) is evaluated for the suppression effect of LIB fires. LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) LIBs of 106 Ah were used in the experiments. The effects of LN, water and C6F12O (Perfluorohexanone) were compared separately, as well as the synergistic effects of LN with either water or C6F12O. The results show that all agents successfully extinguished the flame and prevented the battery from reignition. Spraying LN with water resulted in the highest efficiency, and achieved the lowest peak temperature rebound and rate of rebound. It also maintained low temperatures for twice as long as using LN alone. The results show that the synergistic extinguishing method based on LN offers significant advantages in fire control. This work provides a new perspective on suppressing LIB fires after thermal runaway.

Numerical Study on Fire Suppression by Water Mist in Aircraft Cargo Compartments: Effects of Spray Pattern, Droplet Size, and Nozzle Layout

Aircraft cargo compartment fires are one of the main threats to the safety of civil aircraft. In this study, a series of numerical simulations on the fire suppression performance of water mist in cargo compartments was carried out to examine the effects of the spray pattern, droplet size, and nozzle layout. The fire dynamics simulator (FDS) code was used to construct a fire suppression scenario in a full-scale aircraft cargo compartment. The results show that the extinguishment time of a corner fire was longer compared with center and sidewall fires due to the relatively larger distance from the nozzle and, therefore, a lower effective number of droplets reaching the flame area. Solid and hollow spray patterns showed significant differences in the spray coverage area. For a fixed flow rate, the hollow spray showed better fire suppression performance than solid spray. When the droplet size varied from 50 to 400 µm, the fire extinguishment time first increased and then decreased, corresponding to the dominant mechanism of the smothering effect of small droplets and the cooling effect of large droplets. In addition, the nozzle layout affected the water coverage on the ground of the cargo compartment. With an increase in nozzle number, the water mist flux was more evenly distributed and the fire extinguishment effect also increased.

Effects of Peatland Fires on Above-ground Carbon Stocks in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province

Peat fires substantially alter ecosystem dynamics and carbon storage, making it essential to understand how fire-related components affect post-fire carbon stocks. This study aims to estimate the above-ground carbon stock on burned peatlands in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province, and examine how fire recurrence, last fire occurrence, and burn severity influence the carbon stock using a modified regression model and remote sensing data. The normalized burn ratio index difference between post- and pre-fire was used to calculate burn severity. The continuous predictor variable was transformed using a natural logarithm to generate the best-fit model. The 2014 burned peatland stored the highest carbon, whereas the 2020 burned peatland was the lowest. The 2020 fire period was the most severe compared to the 2014 and 2018–2019 fires, although it had a smaller burned area. This study highlights that fire-related components significantly affect post-fire peatland above-ground carbon stocks, particularly last fire occurrence and burn severity. Meanwhile, fire recurrence had the weakest impact and correlation with above-ground carbon stock compared to other predictors, likely due to the brief intervals between fire events in 2018 and 2019, which may have restricted ecosystem recovery and limited carbon storage capacity.

Simulations on Evacuation Strategy and Evacuation Process of the Subway Train Under the Fire

This study focuses on the safe evacuation strategy and evacuation process in the subway train under the fires. The subway station evacuation mode should be adopted if the power system of a subway train is normal on fire. While, the tunnel evacuation mode should be adopted if the power system of the train fails because of the effects of fire. Under the tunnel evacuation mode, the direction of tunnel smoke should be opposite to that of most passengers, and passengers should be evacuated toward the fresh wind. By using the numerical simulation software Pathfinder and PyroSim, the passenger evacuation time under different conditions is calculated, and the safety of the evacuation process is evaluated. The results show that the evacuation time of the station evacuation mode is obviously shorter than that of the tunnel evacuation mode. With the same conditions, the evacuation time of the tunnel evacuation mode is 2193 s, which is about four times as much as the evacuation time of the station evacuation mode (526 s). The total evacuation time increases with the total number of passengers and the proportion of older people and children. Under an oil pool fire, which is an extreme fire condition, the fire environment inside the train may reach a level threatening the passengers’ safety before the evacuation is complete, even before the door opens; therefore, special attention should be paid to the safety issues in stage from the fire begins to the evacuation complete.

Unveiling the effects of landscape-fire interactions on functional diversity in a Southern European mountain.

Climate and land-use changes are contributing to impacts on global ecosystem functioning. These effects are particularly severe in areas undergoing land abandonment and extreme wildfire events, such as the Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Previous studies have evaluated the impacts of land management on fire mitigation and biodiversity (species distribution and species richness), but how such strategies influence functional diversity remains unexplored. This study investigates how alternative land-fire management strategies may affect functional diversity. We modeled for 2050 for the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés (Portugal-Spain). Land-use scenarios simulated processes of land abandonment ("business-as-usual"-BAU) and the implementation of EU rural policies ("high nature value farmlands"-HNVf), and were combined with three fire suppression levels. Species distribution models (102 vertebrates) were projected to each scenario, and functional diversity indices were consequently calculated. The highest functional richness was predicted for BAU scenarios, probably representing the benefits to unique species that deliver singular functions. The HNVf scenarios provided the highest functional divergence, probably indicating a high niche differentiation and low resource competition amongst agricultural communities. HNVf was the most beneficial scenario for ecosystem functioning, while fire suppression did not affect functional diversity. Despite the proneness to burn of our study area and the effects of firefighting on its fire regime, land-use policies are expected to have greater influence than fire suppression effects on functional diversity. These findings suggest that different facets of functional diversity will be unevenly influenced by fire-landscape dynamics driven by the land-use policies to be implemented in the upcoming decades.

A review of particulate matter (PM) in Indonesia: trends, health impact, challenges, and options.

This study reviews particulate matter (PM) research in Indonesia, focusing on current trends, health impacts, challenges, and future research directions. As the largest archipelago country, Indonesia faces severe pollution annually due to rapid urbanization, industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and forest fires. PM levels often exceed WHO and NAAQS standards, especially in urban areas and during forest fire seasons, posing significant health risks to vulnerable populations. Most PM studies have been conducted in major cities, primarily concentrated on Java Island. While there are several studies in Sumatra and Borneo, they commonly focus on the effects of peatland fires, and research in the eastern part of Indonesia remains limited. Substantial gaps in PM studies have been highlighted, including limited monitoring infrastructure, technology, data inconsistencies, and socio-economic challenges. Recent studies emphasize the need for more research on size-segregated PM, including ultrafine particles (UFPs), to fully understand their behavior in the atmosphere, sources, distribution, and health impacts. Chemical analysis and source apportionment studies are also crucial but currently limited due to equipment and analytical challenges. To improve PM management, the study proposes strategic options, including adopting advanced monitoring technologies along with low-cost samplers, increasing funding and technical training, enhancing coordination among stakeholders, and fostering international collaboration. Furthermore, public awareness campaigns and community-based monitoring are essential for effective air quality management.

Charcoal morphotypes as indicators of fire fuel types and fire events along eight centuries in east‐central Mexico

ABSTRACTThe study of fire and charcoal production in tropical mesophytic ecosystems provides valuable insights into the ecological and climatic history of these systems. The diverse vegetation produces charcoal in various forms and sizes, which influences its dispersion and provides key information about fire dynamics. In this study, we used an approximately 850‐year sedimentary charcoal record extracted from Lake Atezca in east‐central Mexico to reconstruct the history of fire activity, including frequency and intensity. We present innovative information on charcoal morphotypes to interpret fire regimes, identify the types of vegetation burned and analyze human impact. The results reveal a shift in fire regimes during the Spanish Conquest, transitioning from local‐scale burning associated with intensive wood burning for indigenous agriculture to regional‐scale burning characterized by the burning of herbs and grasses linked to the expansion of extensive livestock grazing. This transition is reflected in the decrease of wood charcoal and the increase of smaller particles, as well as in the rise in titanium in the sediments, indicating greater landscape alteration. The evolution of fire regimes in Lake Atezca was driven primarily by human activities since pre‐Hispanic times, although climatic factors, such as severe droughts, may have also influenced fire activity.

유류화재 증거물의 검지 가능 기간 및 감식기법에 관한 연구

In the event of an oil fire, oil may not be found at the site because it was initially ignited, completely burned, easily flushed, or evaporated until the fire investigator arrived at the site after the occurrence of the fire. In investigating the causes of a fire, collecting evidence from oil fragments is very important for measuring and analyzing the oil composition. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted on how long the oil components can be measured with a symptom detector from the evidence of the debris collected from an oil fire, Based on an analysis of fire cases and investigations, the results were derived through a reproduction experiment. The oil detection period differed according to the fire extinguishing method and increased with natural, extinguishing, suffocation extinguishing, and using drinking water. In the case of suffocation extinguishing using a cover, the oil content could be measured for up to 12 days. The applicable identification technique was presented to strengthen the oil fire detection ability of fire investigators.

Dynamic risk analysis of fire and explosion domino accidents at hydrogen refueling stations using Dynamic Bayesian Network

Hydrogen is a promising energy source and hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) are the main hydrogen supply infrastructures. Unwanted hydrogen leaks and releases at the hydrogen station may cause serious explosion accidents and even induce domino effects due to intensive hazardous equipment in the station. However, scant attention has been accorded to the dynamic risks of fire, explosion, and domino effects at HRS, posing a threat to the safe functioning of HRS and the advancement of the hydrogen energy. This study thus first develops Dynamic Bayesian networks to model the primary fire and explosion accidents as well as domino effects at HRS. By the developed models, the critical factors that lead to accidents and the critical equipment that contributes to the initiation or propagation of domino effects can be identified. Moreover, the failure probability of different equipment exposed to possible accidents can also be obtained, supporting safety management of HRS.

Forest fire emission estimates over South Asia using Suomi-NPP VIIRS-based thermal anomalies and emission inventory

Emission estimates of carbon-containing greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4) and aerosols (PM2.5) were made from forest fire across South Asia using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) based thermal anomalies and fire products. VIIRS 375 m I-band active fire product was selectively retrieved for the years 2012 to 2021 over forest cover across South Asia. Annual incidence of fire events across South Asia was 0.17 (±0.05) million (M) with robust spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Fire occurrences were mainly concentrated over the forest across Hindu Kush Himalayan region (HKH; 56%), Deccan Plateau (DP) and Central Highlands (CH; 34%). Monthly mean fire incidences emphasize February to May as a typical forest fire season, accounting 90% of annual fire counts. The highest fire pixel density (>1.5 km -2 yr-1) was noted over the tropical dry/moist deciduous and tropical semi-evergreen forests. Strong diurnal nature of fire radiative power (FRP) was evident with >85% of FRP linked to daytime retrieval. VIIRS based Fire Emission Inventory (VFEI, Version 0) was followed to constitute regional emissions from biomass-based fire. Forest fire accounted a yearly emission of 91.58 (±14.76) and 0.25 (±0.04) Tg yr-1 CO2 and CH4 respectively, with 25.14 (±3.94) Tg of cumulative carbon release per year, i.e., roughly 1.3% of global fire-related carbon emission. Fire associated PM2.5 emission rate was 0.60 (±0.10) Tg yr-1, 95% of which emitted during peak fire season as was the case for carbon-containing gases. Forest fire across HKH (75%) and DP+CH (20%) predominately contribute to the regional carbon emission, while also accounting 68% (HKH) and 27% (DP+CH) of fire associated PM2.5 emission budget. With >70% of forest fires within South Asia being typically anthropogenic, forest fire appears to be a major sector of greenhouse gas and aerosols emissions, and necessitate planning and strict legalities to reduce emission load.

Effects of Prescribed Burns on Soil Respiration in Semi-Arid Grasslands

Carbon fluxes are valuable indicators of soil and ecosystem health, particularly in the context of climate change, where reducing carbon emissions from anthropogenic activities, such as forest fires, is a global priority. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prescribed burns on soil respiration in semi-arid grasslands. Two treatments were applied: a prescribed burn on a 12.29 ha paddock of an introduced grass (Eragostis curvula) with 11.6 t ha−1 of available fuel, and a simulation of three fire intensities, over 28 circular plots (80 cm in diameter) of natural grasslands (Bouteloua gracilis). Fire intensities were simulated by burning with butane gas inside an iron barrel, which represented three amounts of fuel biomass and an unburned treatment. Soil respiration was measured with a soil respiration chamber over two months, with readings collected in the morning and afternoon. Moreover, CO2 emissions by combustion and productivity after fire treatment were quantified. The prescribed burns significantly reduced soil respiration: all fire intensities resulted in a decrease in soil respiration when compared with the unburned area. Changes in albedo increased the soil temperature; however, there was no relationship between changes in temperature and soil respiration; in contrast, precipitation highly stimulated it. These findings suggest that fire, under certain conditions, may not lead to more CO2 being emitted into the atmosphere by stimulating soil respiration, whereas aboveground biomass was reduced by 60%. However, considering the effects of fire in the long-term on changes in nutrient deposition, aboveground and belowground biomass, and soil properties is crucial to effectively quantify its impact on the global carbon cycle.

A comparative analysis of fire-weather indices for enhanced fire activity prediction with probabilistic approaches

BackgroundWeather conditions play a crucial role in driving fire activity in Mediterranean France. Previous research has demonstrated the influence of these conditions on the likelihood of large fire events over the world. However, certain limitations persist regarding the representation of fire weather in probabilistic models. AimThe objective of this paper is to develop an efficient method to rate fire danger by identifying the best representation of weather data for fire activity prediction in Mediterranean France. MethodsWe evaluated the performance of meteorological variables and the most common fire-weather indices (FWIs) worldwide as predictors of fire occurrence and size using the Firelihood framework, a probabilistic Bayesian model of fire activity. These models were compared to a fire activity baseline model incorporating only spatial and temporal effects but no explicit fire-weather information to allow for an in-depth study of information not captured by fire-weather indices. Key resultsThe results indicate that relying solely on fire-weather indices is insufficient for efficient rating of fire activities. The inclusion of spatial and seasonal effects in the models is crucial for improving the indices' performance. While the Canadian FWI remains the most skillful indicator among the tested indices, using new combinations of several of its subcomponents further increases accuracy. Various performance analyses, including threshold selections, were carried out to comparatively assess those improvements. ConclusionsThe approach shows that probabilistic models informed with appropriately constructed fire-weather indices substantially improve various aspects of fire activity predictions in the Mediterranean area.

Impact of wildfires on the suitability habitat of the lowland tapir in a native savanna landscape of northern South America

Fire plays a crucial role in shaping multiple ecological processes in native savannas. Still, the natural fire regime in the Neotropical savanna of South America is being altered by climate variability, resulting in reduced precipitation and increased mean temperatures. In recent years, an increase in the duration, intensity, frequency, and extent of wildfires in South American savannas has been reported. However, knowledge of the ecology of wildfires in the savanna landscapes and their impact on the habitats of large mammals is limited or non-existent. This study investigates the impact of wildfires on the suitability habitat for Tapirus terrestris in a native high plains native savanna landscape in the department of Vichada in eastern Colombia. We used the MaxEnt algorithm to model the ecological niche of the lowland tapir and then classify land covers into low, medium, and high probability of species occurrence. We then assessed the representativeness of the occurrence of wildfires and the frequency of detection of burned areas within the land covers classified into the suitability model of lowland tapir. Our results indicate that wildfires significantly affect high-suitability habitats such as forest and shrubland covers. The effects of fire on these land cover types would reduce the resource supply for lowland tapir and cause the displacement of individuals to new areas which could increase the exposure to threats such as hunting and pathogens from domestic animals. This research underscores the need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate wildfire impacts and preserve critical habitats for vulnerable species.

Risk assessment of domino effects under fire and explosion accidents in LNG storage tank farms based on Bayesian network

With the increase of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage capacity, the number of storage tanks in LNG tank farms increases, which makes the possibility of domino effect higher, so it is important to analyze the risk of domino effect in LNG tank farms. However, the traditional domino effect risk assessment only considers a single accident type, which is not consistent with reality. Therefore, a Bayesian network-based risk assessment method for the domino effect of fire and explosion accidents in LNG storage tank farm is proposed in this study. The method utilizes the Bayesian network approach to model the propagation of domino accidents and calculate the failure probability of domino effects under fire and explosion accidents. The most likely sequence of accidents and the critical tank in the LNG storage tank farm can also be defined through the Bayesian network inference. Finally, the reliability of the proposed method is proved by a real case. Compared with only considering a single accident type, mixed accident types lead to a more reasonable result in the domino effect probabilistic analysis. It is believed that the developed approach has great theoretical significance for domino accident prevention and control in LNG storage tank farms.

Effect of various wood paints on light intensity during combustion

This study was carried out to determine the effects of various covering wood paints on light intensity during combustion in wood materials and panels. For this purpose, 13*13*72 mm samples prepared from Oriental beech (Fagus oriantalis L.), Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard were painted with acrylic, synthetic and cellulosic paint (lacquer paint) according to ASTM-D-3023. Light intensities of the samples during combustion were determined according to ASTM E 160–50. Light intensity was determined to be highest in Oriental beech, lowest in particleboard, and highest in acrylic paint, lowest in synthetic paint, according to the type of paint. Light intensity was determined as; According to the type of material, the highest spontaneous combustion was determined as particle board (865.3), the lowest as Scots pine (839.5), and according to the interaction of material type, paint type and number of layers, the highest as YL+Ab+I (particle board painted with a single layer of acrylic paint) (888.2), the lowest as Sç+Sb+II (Scottish pine painted with two layers of cellulosic paint) (776.4). Accordingly, if the application of the investigated materials in decoration is considered, it has been determined that the most suitable and lower risk decoration element against the danger of smoke suffocation in the event of fire will be materials made of particle board and painted with acrylic paint. This situation can be said to be advantageous in terms of life safety if the results found here are taken into consideration in places where there is a fire risk.

Environmental drivers and remote sensing proxies of post-fire thaw depth in eastern Siberian larch forests

Abstract. Boreal fire regimes are intensifying because of climate change, and the northern parts of boreal forests are underlain by permafrost. Boreal fires combust vegetation and organic soils, which insulate permafrost, and as such deepen the seasonally thawed active layer and can lead to further carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Current understanding of the environmental drivers of post-fire thaw depth is limited but of critical importance. In addition, mapping thaw depth over fire scars may enable a better understanding of the spatial variability in post-fire responses of permafrost soils. We assessed the environmental drivers of post-fire thaw depth using field data from a fire scar in a larch-dominated forest in the continuous permafrost zone in eastern Siberia. Particularly, summer thaw depth was deeper in burned (mean=127.3 cm, standard deviation (SD) = 27.7 cm) than in unburned (98.1 cm, SD=26.9 cm) landscapes 1 year after the fire, yet the effect of fire was modulated by landscape and vegetation characteristics. We found deeper thaw in well-drained upland, in open and mature larch forest often intermixed with Scots pine, and in high-severity burns. The environmental drivers basal area, vegetation density, and burn depth explained 73.3 % of the measured thaw depth variability at the study sites. In addition, we evaluated the relationships between field-measured thaw depth and several remote sensing proxies. Albedo, the differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR), and the pre-fire normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from Landsat 8 imagery together explained 66.3 % of the variability in field-measured thaw depth. Moreover, land surface temperature (LST) displayed particularly strong correlations with post-fire thaw depth (r=0.65, p<0.01). Based on these remote sensing proxies and multiple linear regression analysis, we estimated thaw depth over the entire fire scar. Our study reveals some of the governing processes of post-fire thaw depth development and shows the capability of Landsat imagery to estimate post-fire thaw depth at a landscape scale.

Pixels to pyrometrics: UAS-derived infrared imagery to evaluate and monitor prescribed fire behaviour and effects

Background Prescribed fire is vital for fuel reduction and ecological restoration, but the effectiveness and fine-scale interactions are poorly understood. Aims We developed methods for processing uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) imagery into spatially explicit pyrometrics, including measurements of fuel consumption, rate of spread, and residence time to quantitatively measure three prescribed fires. Methods We collected infrared (IR) imagery continuously (0.2 Hz) over prescribed burns and one experimental calibration burn, capturing fire progression and combustion for multiple hours. Key results Pyrometrics were successfully extracted from UAS-IR imagery with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution to effectively measure and differentiate between fires. UAS-IR fuel consumption correlated with weight-based measurements of 10 1-m2 experimental burn plots, validating our approach to estimating consumption with a cost-effective UAS-IR sensor (R2 = 0.99; RMSE = 0.38 kg m−2). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate UAS-IR pyrometrics are an accurate approach to monitoring fire behaviour and effects, such as measurements of consumption. Prescribed fire is a fine-scale process; a ground sampling distance of <2.3 m2 is recommended. Additional research is needed to validate other derived measurements. Implications Refined fire monitoring coupled with refined objectives will be pivotal in informing fire management of best practices, justifying the use of prescribed fire and providing quantitative feedback in an uncertain environment.

Indirect and interactive effects drive impacts of prescribed fire and invasive grass on a native wetland herb

Understanding the indirect and interactive effects of environmental stressors is critical to planning conservation interventions, but such effects are poorly understood. For example, invasive species may modify fire effects by altering fire intensity or frequency, increasing or decreasing their abundance in response to fire, and/or changing the trajectory of post‐fire recovery. Without a clear understanding of the direct, indirect, and interactive effects of prescribed fire and invasive species on native plants, managers cannot design effective conservation measures and risk exacerbating invasion through fire or wasting resources on approaches that do not yield desired results. In this study, researchers worked directly with the manager of a wet meadow in southern Idaho to explore how prescribed fire would directly and indirectly impact an iconic native herb (Camassia quamash) in areas invaded by a perennial pasture grass (Alopecurus arundinaceus). We found that spring prescribed fire increased the abundance of invasive A. arundinaceus, which indirectly strengthened its suppression of C. quamash growth and reproduction. In contrast, fire reversed the negative influence of A. arundinaceus on C. quamash survival. Survival rates of C. quamash were higher after fire in areas with greater invasive grass abundance. This study points to the importance of understanding the indirect and interactive effects of prescribed fire and invasives on native plants across their life cycle for restoration projects and suggests fire, at least in spring, is not an appropriate management strategy for reducing A. arundinaceus invasion at this site.

Infiltration and Hydrophobicity in Burnt Forest Soils on Mediterranean Mountains

Forest fires are a major global environmental problem, especially for forest ecosystems and specifically in Mediterranean climate zones. These fires can seriously impact hydrologic processes and soil erosion, which can cause water pollution and flooding. The aim of this work is to assess the effect of forest fire on the hydrologic processes in the soil, depending on soil properties. For this purpose, the infiltration rate has been measured by ring infiltration tester, and the hydrophobicity has been quantified by the “water drop penetration time” method in several soils of burnt and unburnt forest areas in the Mediterranean mountains. The infiltration rates obtained are higher in burnt than in unburnt soils (1130 and 891 mm·h−1, respectively), which contradicts most of the research in Mediterranean climates in southeast Spain with calcareous soils. Burnt soils show no hydrophobicity on the surface, but it is there when the soil is excavated by 1 cm. Additionally, burnt soils reveal a low frequency of hydrophobicity (in less than 30% of the samples) but more severe hydrophobicity (above 300 s); whereas, in unburnt soils, the frequency is higher (50%) but the values of hydrophobicity are lower. The results obtained clearly show the infiltration processes modified by fire, and these results may be useful for land managers, hydrologists, and those responsible for decision-making regarding the forest restoration of burnt land.

Wildfires and tourism in the Mediterranean: Balancing conservation and economic interests

Wildfires have been a recurrent issue in the Mediterranean region due to its hot, dry summers and dense vegetation, exacerbated by human activities and climate change. This paper examines the complex relationship between wildfires and tourism in Southern Europe, focusing on their regional patterns, interactions, and socio-economic impacts. The study identifies key drivers of wildfire incidence, such as climatic conditions, vegetation type, human activity, and topography, and analyzes their implications for the tourism sector. Through a systematic review of the literature, the authors highlight the increased frequency and intensity of fires in the Mediterranean, which have caused significant ecological, economic, and social damage. The research also discusses the regional diversity of fire occurrences, revealing that most large fires are concentrated in Spain, Portugal, Greece, Italy, France, and Croatia, among the most popular tourist destinations. The impact of wildfires on tourism is multifaceted. At the same time, they decrease the attractiveness of affected areas, leading to reduced visitor numbers and economic losses. The paper suggests that effective fire management and prevention strategies, including public awareness, sustainable tourism practices, and international cooperation, are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of wildfires. It calls for integrating risk management into tourism development plans to enhance the resilience of Southern European destinations to future fire events.