Evaluation Of Marriage Research Articles

Tussen schepping en Koninkrijk. Oliver O’Donovan over de onderlinge verhouding daarvan in zijn betekenis voor de christelijke ethiek, toegespitst op huwelijk en homoseksualiteit

The relationship between the poles of creation and Kingdom is of crucial importance, as Jesus’ teaching on marriage clearly shows. Contemporary ethics, however, shows an enormous variety of positions, resulting in different evaluations of marriage, celibacy and homosexuality. Against the background of Anglican moral theologian Oliver O’Donovan this article addresses the question, “What is the relationship between creation and Kingdom, its significance for Christian ethics, especially with regard to marriage and homosexuality?” This article gives two­fold answer to the question based on the moral meaning of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. First, the resurrection is affirmative, pointing back to God’s good creation and, second, it is transformative, pointing forwards to God’s future recreation. There are, therefore, only two vocations: heterosexual marriage, respecting the integrity of created order; and celibacy, anticipating the Kingdom.

Housework, market work, and “doing gender” when marital satisfaction declines

When faced with a decline in marital satisfaction, are wives constrained from increasing their labor market work time in part because they “do gender?” One of the predictions of the human capital accumulation hypothesis, which assumes no constraints, is that housewives with little work experience will respond to a decline in marital satisfaction by increasing labor market work time (only). In contrast, the gender display hypothesis predicts that, in settings where the evaluations of marriage and wives’ work performance are closely intertwined, a decline in marital satisfaction among this group of housewives will increase both labor market work and housework—and the increase in housework serves as a constraint on the increase in labor market work. To evaluate these contrasting hypotheses, we analyze a panel survey of women in contemporary Japan. Results from multinomial logit regression models are more consistent with the gender display hypothesis than the human capital accumulation hypothesis. Housewives with relatively little work experience are 11 times more likely to increase the time spent on both labor market work and housework when the satisfaction of their marriage declines than when it does not. No evidence is found that, when marital satisfaction declines, these housewives are statistically significantly more likely to increase labor market work only.

Al-Ghazālī and Marriage from the Viewpoint of Sufism

This paper analyzes Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111)'s Book on the Manners of Marriage (Kitab Adab al-Nikah) in his The Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din), and examines the relation between the ideal married life and the practices of Sufism. In studies until now, the contents of this book have been often examined from the viewpoint of sexuality and the problem of women in Islam; however, not much attention has been paid to al-Ghazali's evaluation of marriage within Sufism in these studies. Rather, in studies of marriage, women, and sexuality in Sufism, the focus has usually been on the ideas on sexuality of Ibn al-'Arabi (d. 1240), while few studies of al-Ghazali's Sufism analyze his discussion of marriage. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine al-Ghazali's discussion of marriage from the viewpoint of Sufism and to clarify its originality in the history of Sufi thought, comparing it with that of Abu Talib al-Makki (d. 998), a Sufi who influenced al-Ghazali considerably and discussed marriage in detail.Al-Ghazali argues that there are many advantages in living with a wife in marriage, and he demonstrates that a man can devote himself to the worship of God and lead an ideal Sufi life with the help of marriage. On the other hand, al-Makki maintains that celibacy is preferable, at least in his time. Most of his discussion is fragmentary and not as developed as al-Ghazali's, though he does treat marriage more comprehensively than the Sufis before him. Al-Ghazali demonstrates that for practicing the remembrance of God which leads to seeing God in the hereafter, marriage is better than celibacy. It is concluded that al-Ghazali's theoretical discussion of marriage is an effort toward the popularization of Sufism.

ガザーリーの婚姻論 -スーフィズムの視点から-

This paper analyzes Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111)'s Book on the Manners of Marriage (Kitab Adab al-Nikah) in his The Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din), and examines the relation between the ideal married life and the practices of Sufism. In studies until now, the contents of this book have been often examined from the viewpoint of sexuality and the problem of women in Islam; however, not much attention has been paid to al-Ghazali's evaluation of marriage within Sufism in these studies. Rather, in studies of marriage, women, and sexuality in Sufism, the focus has usually been on the ideas on sexuality of Ibn al-'Arabi (d. 1240), while few studies of al-Ghazali's Sufism analyze his discussion of marriage. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine al-Ghazali's discussion of marriage from the viewpoint of Sufism and to clarify its originality in the history of Sufi thought, comparing it with that of Abu Talib al-Makki (d. 998), a Sufi who influenced al-Ghazali considerably and discussed marriage in detail.Al-Ghazali argues that there are many advantages in living with a wife in marriage, and he demonstrates that a man can devote himself to the worship of God and lead an ideal Sufi life with the help of marriage. On the other hand, al-Makki maintains that celibacy is preferable, at least in his time. Most of his discussion is fragmentary and not as developed as al-Ghazali's, though he does treat marriage more comprehensively than the Sufis before him. Al-Ghazali demonstrates that for practicing the remembrance of God which leads to seeing God in the hereafter, marriage is better than celibacy. It is concluded that al-Ghazali's theoretical discussion of marriage is an effort toward the popularization of Sufism.

Implicit Theories of Marriage and Evaluations of Marriage on Television

This study integrated social-cognitive and interpersonal frameworks in the mass communication setting. Although television presents a fairly consistent view of marriage as conventional and happy, we proposed that college students’ marital schemata, or implicit theories about marriage, would influence their evaluations of television couples’ marital satisfaction. College students (N = 358) completed two waves of questionnaires that used Fitzpatrick's (2988) Relational Dimensions Instrument to assess marital schemata and perceptions of married couples on television. Partial correlations revealed that greater similarity between marital schemata and ratings of television couples’ marriage type was associated with higher ratings of perceived television marital satisfaction. Analysis of covariance indicated that this effect held only for the Traditional schema type. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for media effects and marital communication research.

A Critique of Contemporary Marriage and Family Research

T HE phenomena of love, courtship, marriage, and the family have only recently been considered objects for serious systematic research. The accumulation of folklore about the intimacies of marriage and family life have been for centuries the legitimate concern of novelists, religious leaders, comedians, poets, and cynics. Textbook writers and journalists draw heavily from common-sense assertions and clinical hunches because the researcher has so recently arrived on the scene that his works are scarcely known. This is the historical backdrop for my evaluation of marriage and family research. My task is made easier because most family research has been completed within the last thirty years.' Evaluation will be organized around six focal points; Functions of Family Research, Long Term Trends, Contemporary Emphases in Marriage and Family Study, Recent Criticisms, Obstacles to Progress, and Prospects for Future Research.

Marital Happiness of Parents and Their Children's Attitude to Marriage

PERSONS reared in present day urban America are exposed to a number of experiences which contribute to their conception of marriage, and influence their evaluation of marriage as a relatively desirable or undesirable status for themselves. Most of these experiences are vicarious: exposure to the representations of marriage in print, movies, the radio and television. Less vicarious is the learning of the risks of marital failure as epitomized by the divorce rate. But marriage is also very directly depicted and defined for the young by the marital relationship of their parents. It is in the home that they first and most continuously encounter marriage, not as a fiction or concept but as embodied in the behavior of their fathers and mothers with and toward one another. Apart from the picture of marriage which the child may build out of inferences from the parents' behavior one or both parents may wittingly attempt to indoctrinate the child with a conception of marriage as one of the great joys of adulthood or as a status to be warily approached if not altogether avoided. For the majority of the young, one of the probable major effects of their vicarious learning about marriage is that it is made to appear a highly attractive and desirable status. (And they lived happily ever after.) If this evaluation is not materially influenced by knowledge of the divorce rate it is still subject to some reality testing in that the child has intimate knowledge of the union of his parents, if of no other adults. To the extent that marriage as thus directly known is perceived as a highly satisfying experience the vicariously assimilated conception is reinforced or at least not contradicted. But insofar as the relationship of his parents is seen by the child as fraught with conflict and unhappiness his conception of marriage as a desirable goal may be challenged and his enthusiasm for marriage diminished.' Favorableness of attitude to marriage is a variable of theoretical interest for a number of reasons. It may be important in accounting for individual differences in age at marriage. It may be associated with individual differences and sex differences in patterns of courtship and mate selection. And it may be related to marital success. If, as hypothesized above, favorableness of attitude to marriage varies with parental happiness, the former may be one of the intervening variables in the oft-noted correla-tion between the marital happiness of parents and that of their offspring. The research reported below was concerned with testing the hypothesis of a positive association between the marital success of parents and the favorableness of their children's attitude to marriage. Since data were secured from men and women subjects it was also possible to test the widely-held assumption that in our society the unmarried female views marriage more favorably than does the male.

A Critical Evaluation of Marriage and Family Education

A Critical Evaluation of Marriage and Family Education