Evaluation Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Sustainable development and formative evaluation of mathematics open educational resources created by pre-service teachers: an action research study

In the post-pandemic world, UNESCO advocates the development of open educational resources (OER) to remedy the financial pressures of students and their families. We thus conducted a dual-cycle action research study aiming to develop a sustainable model with minimal cost for creating OER for secondary school mathematics teachers and students. Our theoretical foundations drew upon existing sustainable models of OER development and experiential learning theory to enhance the efficacy of OER. Formative evaluation techniques were employed in both action research cycles, where pre-service teachers developed the OER and in-service teachers provided suggestions for improvement. In the second cycle, we tested the use of our OER with 35 Grade 11 students to examine both student achievement and retention. The test results showed a significant learning gain (pre-test: Mdn = 2.00; post-test: Mdn = 10.00), which was retained over 2 weeks (delayed post-test: Mdn = 11.00). However, the students’ performance on more advanced questions was not satisfactory. Based on an overall reflection on the study, we proposed a sustainable model of OER development, which leveraged the manpower of pre-service and in-service teachers and incorporated formative evaluation techniques. Furthermore, we provided recommendations for enhancing the future development of OER in mathematics education.

Data-driven sustainability evaluation and manufacturing system enhancement from economic, environmental, social, and sustainability perspectives.

Sustainable manufacturing is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality targets. However, research on the sustainability of manufacturing systems is limited, and high consumption, low efficiency, and high emissions have resulted in high resource consumption and rapid environmental degradation. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish an evaluation and improvement indicator system conducive to sustainable development. To this end, this study developed a data-driven methodology for evaluating and enhancing the sustainability of manufacturing systems. Manufacturing system production process data, with data dimensions unified via the emergy method, were used to construct a sustainable development evaluation model that includes four perspectives: economy, environment, society, and sustainability. The model was applied to a flange production workshop in China to analyze the interrelation mechanisms among energy consumption, resource consumption, and environmental pollution, and identify optimization schemes to improve sustainability. After implementing these optimization schemes, the emergy yield rate (EYR) of the flange increased by 23.40%, the environmental load rate (ELR) decreased by 19.03%, the per capita emergy (EPP) increased by 6.88%, and the emergy-based sustainability index (ESI) increased by 52.76%. The method presented herein offers a novel and effective tool to analyze and visualize sustainable development in manufacturing systems and identify the relationship between technology and management in the manufacturing industry; however, this method is based on historical data and rules, and lacks of flexible response to unknown situations. The results provide a reference for enterprises to achieve sustainable and lean manufacturing.

An evaluation of marine economy sustainable development and the ramifications of digital technologies in China coastal regions

As a new engine of economic growth, marine economy has gradually attracted the high attention of countries around the world. At the same time, digital technology is becoming a crucial propeller to empower almost all perspectives of economic sustainable development. This research delineates the exploration of the distinctive regional attributes pertinent to the sustainable development of the marine economy and its interrelation with digital technology in China. Utilizing data spanning from 2013 to 2021 across China's eleven coastal areas, this paper adopts the entropy method to develop comprehensive index systems of both marine economy sustainable development and digital technology to evaluate regional their spatiotemporal characteristics, interrelations, and potential mechanisms based on the panel fixed effects model and Dagum Gini coefficient. The results show that both the level of digital technology and green development in marine economy exhibit a steady upward trend with significant regional differences and hierarchical phenomenon. Notably, regional development disparities within the tripartite major marine economic zones are discernible, with intra- and inter-regional variances being markedly pronounced. Further analysis affirm a substantial linkage between digital technology and the sustainable development of the marine economy, positing technological innovation as a plausible conduit. Our findings advocate for the augmentation of digital technology application through technological innovation, as a strategy to foster the sustainable development of the marine economy while ensuring regional equilibrium.

Spatial differences of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among counties (cities) on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains

The county (city) located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China in poverty alleviation. Its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the region. This study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’ SDGs. The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county (city) level on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Notable high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions, whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western areas. The scores of SDGs, in descending order, are as follows: 62.22 for Minfeng County, 54.22 for Hotan City, 50.21 for Qiemo County, 42.54 for Moyu County, 41.56 for Ruoqiang County, 41.39 for Qira County, 39.86 for Lop County, 38.25 for Yutian County, 38.10 for Pishan County, and 36.87 for Hotan County. The performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City, Lop County, Minfeng County, and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green color. However, Hotan County, Moyu County, Qira County, and Yutian County show the poorest performance, as they lack SDGs with green color. It is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries, sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance, and the gradual improvement of social security system. These measures will facilitate the effective implementation of SDGs. Finally, this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments in their decision-making processes. In addition, these results hold significant reference value for assessing SDGs at the county (city) level, particularly in areas characterized by low levels of economic development.

The Application of Geographic Information System in Urban Forest Ecological Compensation and Sustainable Development Evaluation

Urban forests can alleviate the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and improve residents’ mental health. By studying urban forests, these resources can be better used and managed to create more livable urban environments. Therefore, the urban forest in the Taishan region is taken as the research object, and the ecological compensation and sustainable development of urban forest in Tai’an City are deeply analyzed by GIS. It divided the area into forest land, water bodies, wetlands, grasslands, and shrubs as the basic ecosystem types. And through secondary interpretation and combination, a complete urban forest information database was established. To evaluate the comprehensive benefits of urban forests, the analytic hierarchy process was utilized to establish a corresponding evaluation index system. Based on the assessment outcomes of the comprehensive benefits of urban forests in the area, a standard accounting method for urban forest ecological compensation was proposed. The results showed that each index of the comprehensive benefits of urban forests and the random consistency ratio were both less than 0.1. This indicated that the matrix calculation results of various indicators of urban forest comprehensive benefits had good consistency. At the target level, the comprehensive evaluation score of urban forests in the study area was 7.69. At the factor level, the weight value of the urban forest landscape structure was 0.675, and the comprehensive score was 7.62. The weight value of urban forest comprehensive benefits was 0.325, and the comprehensive score was 7.82. The quantitative weight value of urban forest greening in the study area was 0.6138, with a comprehensive score of 7.57. Based on the analysis of the issues in urban forests and ecological compensation in the research area of Tai’an City, corresponding ecological compensation strategies have been proposed. It is of great value to study the urban forest of Tai’an city, which can help to formulate more effective urban planning and sustainable development strategies. The research results can also provide a valuable reference and inspiration for the improvement of urban forest ecological environment and biodiversity protection in other areas.

Primary Economics Sustainability in the National Strategic Area of ​​Gerbangkertosusila

Evaluation of sustainable development that has been carried out becomes the main discourse in this study, as a basis for further development planning and creating regional economic sustainability. This issue will be analyzed using the Regional Sustaibility Account (RSA) method to quantify the primary sector sustainability situation in Gerbangkertosusila which significantly affects the capacity to create sustainable development pathways and industrial policies that are more reflective in understanding the implications of sustainable development cycles. The limitation of this method is that the values and data presented come from partial sources per Regency/City. Thus, the results presented are in the form of partial economic sustainability status as well. The results of the analysis found that regencies/cities in the national strategic area of Gerbangkertosusia with a large industrial support base experienced disruptions to the continuity of the primary supply base which in turn could lead to unsustainability. In general, the results obtained are Gresik and Bangkalan districts with Chronic unsustainable criteria. Mojokerto and Sidoarjo Regencies on the Almost unsustainable criteria. Surabaya City on Sustainable criteria and Lamongan Regency on Good sustainable criteria.

Coevolution Analysis of the Sustainable Development Systems of Energy Firms From a Strategic Philanthropy Perspective

As the objectives of the “dual carbon goal”—reaching peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060—continue to be promoted, the fulfilment of social responsibilities is critical in enabling energy firms to achieve sustainable development goals. However, due to the frequent occurrence of nonstrategic charitable behaviors, energy firms cannot effectively manage the outcomes of charity. This affects the sustainable development processes of energy firms. While previous studies have mainly focused on the assessment of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the static evaluation of sustainable development, few studies focus on the coevolution analysis of the triple combination. To explore the coevolution of the sustainable development systems of energy firms from the perspective of strategic philanthropy, based on triangular fuzzy numbers, a multiattribute evaluation system has been used. This system integrates strategy features, sustainability features, adaptability features, and matching degrees. It has been used to improve the traditional Belousov–Zhabotinsky (B-Z) reaction model, otherwise known as complex system theory. The coevolution model of sustainable development systems stemmed from the perspective of strategic philanthropy. The feasibility of the dynamic model was verified using data from Chinese energy enterprises (Firm-G and Firm-S) gathered between 2011 and 2020. The improved “B-Z” model proposed in this study is able to dynamically simulate the sustainable coevolution track of energy firms and the action mechanism of strategic philanthropy, which provides new decision-making ideas and methods to enable energy firms to effectively manage the behaviors and effects of strategic philanthropy.

Environmental reclamation of limestone mining sites in Italy: Financial evaluation, challenges and proposals for sustainable development

Currently the environmental restoration of former extraction sites of limestone materials to be used in construction sector is still an open issue, challenging the opportunities for a more sustainable development of local communities.The present study evaluates the multiple causes underlying the abandonment of former limestone quarries and the lack of their reclamation as well as proposals to promote their environmental restoration.We primarily frame the issue in both the European and Italian regulatory framework. Then, the present study applies an innovative Cost Revenue Analysis to a case study of a generic environmental restoration project of a former extractive limestone site. Such analysis deepens on investment and operating costs, revenues, Net Present Value and Revenue/Costs ratio. Results show that restoration activities, performed in agreement with current regulations, involving the creation of terraces in embankments by means of excavation materials from external construction sites or even acting directly on the existing quarry, are currently discouraging for entrepreneurs, since they do not generate enough revenues to cover the costs of restoration. As a result, we suggest some solutions to strengthen the current regulatory and political framework, to make the restoration activities more convenient in financial terms. Such solutions would be also beneficial for the society and environment.

Scientific Publication and Evaluation of Sustainable Teacher Professional Development: Research in Madrasah Aliyah Metro City

The paper aims to examine the significance of teachers' ongoing professional development in the realm of scientific publications at Madrasah Aliyah in Metro City, as an indication of their dedication to enhancing the standard of education. The researcher employed a comprehensive technique to evaluate the surrounding circumstances of teachers' continuous professional growth when designing the research methodology. Information was acquired via interviews, observation, and examination of pertinent documents. Data sources encompass input from educators, school administrators, and pertinent records pertaining to professional growth and training. Data analysis approaches, such as classification, synthesis, and mapping, are used to get a thorough grasp of the context of teacher professional development in the field of scientific publications. The research findings indicate that the state of teachers' ongoing professional growth in the area of scientific publications at Madrasah Aliyah Metro City is still confronted with several obstacles. Teacher participation rates typically exhibit a tendency towards being insufficient, primarily due to obstacles such as limited time availability and inadequate backing from educational institutions. This research formulates solutions to enhance teacher participation by comprehending the underlying cause of the problem. In order to foster the ongoing professional development of instructors in the field of scientific publications, it is anticipated that a comprehensive strategy, which includes capacity building and proactive institutional assistance, would be implemented to establish a favorable environment. This result emphasizes the significance of enhancing policies and providing targeted incentives to promote and motivate teachers to enhance their involvement in scientific publication endeavors.

Evaluation of sustainable development and utilization-oriented renewable energy systems based on CRITIC-SWARA-CODAS method using interval valued picture fuzzy sets

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods used to overcome complex real-life problems is the process of finding the most suitable alternative among alternative options under multiple tangible or intangible criteria. In particular, the use of MCDM methods is an important tool for policy makers, managers and decision makers (DMs) to easily and effectively address today's MCDM problems such as renewable energy. However, since the classical MCDM methods are based on crisp numerical values, they are insufficient when considering insufficient information about the systems, complex environment and real-life conditions. Especially since many real-life problems within the scope of sustainability contain uncertain information, using them together with fuzzy sets is extremely important for making the right decisions. This study presents a new model based on the interval-valued picture fuzzy (IVPF)-MCDM integrated approach in an environment of uncertainty for the evaluation of sustainable development and utilization oriented renewable energy systems. In the study, firstly, renewable energy alternatives focused on sustainable development and utilization for Turkey and the criteria affecting them have been determined. Secondly, for the objective and subjective weights of the criteria, the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CIRITIC) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) methods have been extended to interval-valued picture fuzzy sets (IVPFSs), respectively, and the weights have been obtained. Then, the weights have been combined by the coefficient parameter determined by the expert. Later, the COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment (CODAS) method has been extended to IVPFSs to rank renewable energy alternatives focused on sustainable development and use under uncertainty. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been conducted to confirm the stability and effectiveness of the method. Moreover, a comparative analysis has been presented with other MCDM methods in the literature showing the superiority and advantages of the developed method.

Study of the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Agricultural Sustainability at National and Provincial Levels in China

As an important pillar of human civilization, the development of agriculture has gradually become the focus of the international community to solve the development dilemma and promote the implementation of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Agricultural sustainability issues are widely addressed in scientific literature and various reports by international organizations. However, there are some problems in the existing studies, such as the design of agricultural sustainable development evaluation indicators does not consider the differences in development stages and data statistical capacity of various countries, and the research depth of spatial and temporal change of agricultural sustainable development is insufficient. Agriculture has become a bottleneck for the world and China to achieve the SDGs. Based on the global indicator framework of the Sustainable Development Goals and comprehensive consideration of agricultural development common problems and regional characteristics, this work has established a basic index library consisting of 86 indicators to evaluate the agricultural sustainable development in China and provide the basis for the assessment in different regions. In the indicator optimization process, having considered the development stage of China, the basic characteristics of agriculture, data availability, and reliability, we determined an evaluation index system of China’s agricultural sustainable development that includes 25 specific indicators. The constant elasticity of substitution (CES) model was used to assess the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural sustainability in China at the national, regional, and provincial levels. The results showed that China’s Agricultural Sustainable Development Index (ASDI) score increased from 44.76 in 2011 to 59.22 in 2021, and the ASDI scores of all agricultural regions and provinces also increased to varying degrees. In terms of goal scores, SDG2, SDG6, SDG7, SDG8, SDG9, and SDG12 all exhibited an overall upward trend, in which SDG6 performed the best, and SDG2 performed the worst, scoring 84.76 and 43.05 in 2021, respectively. This paper will provide a basis for systematically evaluating the progress of agricultural sustainable development goals and accurately identifying unsustainable problems in agricultural development to help China implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Evaluation of sustainable development of the Bohai Sea Rim based on integrated land–sea management: a multi-system coupling and coordination study at coastal, provincial, and city level

Based on the Integrated Land–Sea Management, this study established a theoretical framework for the sustainability of coastal regions by combining sustainable development with coupling coordination theory. The improved coupling coordination model was used to analyze the sustainable development of the Bohai Rim and its coastal provinces and cities from 2006 to 2020. Our implications were as follows: (1) The theoretical framework showed an S-shaped spiral trend, and the empirical results on the Bohai Rim were consistent with the trajectory conclusions. (2) The economic subsystem played a crucial role in the system’s evolution toward sustainable development. (3) The region and city models demonstrated consistent coupling and coordination development degrees. However, the consistency was not completely synchronous. Conscious eco-environmental governance activities can promote benign interactions among systems and improve this relationship. (4) The sustainable development of coastal cities is different from that of the provinces in which they are located. It merely demonstrates their relative status among all coastal cities and does not fully represent the wider region in which they are located. The findings suggest that adaptive policies, whether economic, social or environmental, can promote sustainable development. Economic stimulus policies can promote a transition of sustainable development; in the economic downturn, the adaptive environmental policy is realized by adjusting the relationship between subsystems to promote the coordination of regional systems, preparing for the next sustainable system transition. The established theoretical model and improvised mathematical method can be extended to study various coastal regions

An extended intelligent technique for multiple-attribute decision-making under single-valued neutrosophic sets and applications to sustainable development evaluation of rural ecotourism

With the development of society and the times, the socialist modernization cause in China is constantly developing, and the improvement of the economy has also driven the development of rural ecotourism industry in China. The unique natural terrain and cultural customs in rural areas have promoted the continuous development of local ecotourism industry, which has had a positive impact on the economic development of rural areas and not only solved the employment problem of the majority of the population in rural areas. It can also bring a continuous stream of economic benefits and continuously improve the living standards of local residents. Rural ecotourism refers to a rural tourism activity that takes place in rural areas, supported by the agricultural industry, and attracted by the rural environment and typical rural ecotourism resources, with the concept of ecotourism. Rural ecotourism mainly takes the form of rural scenery, agricultural participation, and folk experience, integrating sightseeing experience, cognition, and tourism activities. The main principles of rural tourism development are agricultural support, people-oriented, ecological protection, community participation, income feedback, and ecological home construction. The sustainable development evaluation of rural ecotourism is a classical multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) issue. In such paper, the generalized weighted Bonferroni mean (GWBM) operator and power average (PA) is constructed for MADM with single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). Then, the single-valued neutrosophic number power generalized BM (SVNNPGBM) operator is built and then the MADM decision methods are proposed based on the SVNNPGBM operator. Finally, an example for sustainable development evaluation of rural ecotourism and some comparative analysis were given to demonstrate the SVNNPGBM method.

Retracted: Measurement of Coordinated and Coupled Development and Evaluation of Sustainable Development for Marine Economic-Ecological Complex System

Retracted: Measurement of Coordinated and Coupled Development and Evaluation of Sustainable Development for Marine Economic-Ecological Complex System

Sustainable Design Strategy of Regional Revitalization Based on AHP–FCE Analysis: A Case Study of Qianfeng in Guangzhou

As urbanization progresses, large cities continue to attract population, causing depopulation and regional development imbalances, especially in remote rural areas facing sustainability challenges. This study aims to explore local resource potential and assess critical factors for regional revitalization, offering design strategies to promote local sustainability. The study is based on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and assesses the status of regional development through field research. The Delphi method was employed to interview experts and build a multi-tiered sustainable development evaluation indicator framework (Level 1: B1–B3, Level 2: C1–C8, Level 3: D1–D16), covering economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The weights of the indicators were determined through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method was applied to comprehensively assess the sustainable development status of Qianfeng Community. The research findings revealed that due to population outflow and a lack of participation in co-building channels, the region scored lowest in “local employment & entrepreneurship (D2)”, “innovation & entrepreneurship culture (D10)”, and “endogenous development (D16)”. Consequently, the study proposes the establishment of a regional revitalization co-creation platform based on “life projects” as part of a sustainable design strategy. These research results provide valuable case studies and strategic references for future regional revitalization and sustainable design initiatives.

Evaluation of water resources sustainable development in karst area based on the improved emergy ecological footprint model: A case study of Yunnan Province

Abstract This study combined emergy theory with water ecological footprint to analyze and evaluate the sustainable development status of water resources in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2021. The water pollutant account and the water product account were supplemented to the water ecological footprint. The results showed that the water resources in Yunnan Province were generally in an ecological deficit during the study period, but their absolute values were very small. The ecological pressure index of water resources was high, while the sustainable utilization index of water resources was low, indicating that the water resources were in a state of unsustainable utilization. However, the emergy ecological footprint of water resources and the emergy ecological footprint of water resources of 10,000 Yuan GDP showed a decreasing trend, and the eco-economic coordination index of water resources was relatively high, indicating that the water resources will show a sustainable development trend in the future. The sustainable development of water resources was influenced by both natural ecological factors and social factors. Therefore, suggestions such as improving the utilization rate of water resources development, developing a green low-carbon economy, preventing and controlling water pollution, and protecting the water environment are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of water resources.

Construction of the Evaluation Index System for the Sustainable Development of Primary School Campus Football in Shaanxi Province, China

Background and Aim: This study expounds the theoretical framework for constructing the evaluation index system for the sustainable development of elementary school football in Shaanxi Province, including the final evaluation index system and evaluation methods. The main objective of this research was to develop the evaluation index system for football in elementary schools in China’s Shaanxi province. Materials and Methods: The populations of this research include educational experts, physical education experts, teachers or university teachers, experts in the direction of football, campus football managers, and football coaches. Consult 5 experts through questionnaires and then using the Delphi method, the expert questionnaires were distributed to 19 experts, and two rounds of questionnaires were distributed and collected to screen out the core indicators and then determine the index weight of the sustainable development evaluation system of primary school football in Shaanxi Province, finally use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the sustainable development ability of Xi'an primary school football. Result: (1) Construct the sustainable development evaluation index system for primary school football in Shaanxi Province, including 4 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 48 third-level indicators. (2) The first-level indicator, "organizational leadership and policy" is higher than the other three indicators, accounting for 31%. The second-level indicators, the weight of the four indicators of "implementation of national policies", "improvement of rules and regulations", "physical education hours", and "campus football culture" all exceed 10%, and there should be more support and supervision in the development process. Among the third-level indicators, the weight of the two indicators of "after-school training and competition rules and regulations" and "the number of football-themed campus cultural activities" exceeds 5%. The weight of the six indicators of "Rules and Regulations", "Number of Weeks", "Length of a Single Class", and "Extracurricular Activities" exceeds 3.5%. Conclusion: The research findings were: (1) There are 65 indicators of first-level, second-level, and third-level sustainable development of primary school campus football in Shaanxi Province, China. (2) Determine the weight ratio of indicators at all levels. (3) Through empirical research, the level of sustainable development ability of campus football in primary schools in Xi'an is obtained.

Study on Sustainable Development Evaluation of Mountain Scenic Spots Based on Ecological Footprint Composition – Take Chinese Mount Heng as an Example

Study on Sustainable Development Evaluation of Mountain Scenic Spots Based on Ecological Footprint Composition – Take Chinese Mount Heng as an Example

Exploring the Comprehensive Evaluation of Sustainable Development in Rural Tourism: A Perspective and Method Based on the AVC Theory

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a surge in rural tourism, catering to consumers during the pandemic. However, rural tourism faces severe issues of homogeneity and environmental degradation owing to excessive development. Sustainable development of rural tourism is an urgent problem. This study, based on the average variable cost (AVC) theory, aims to explore the sustainable development of rural tourism landscapes with a focus on the Shijing area. A landscape evaluation system was established through factor analysis and weight calculations, with ten principal components contributing to a cumulative contribution rate of 77.196%. The weighted values for attractiveness, vitality, and resilience were 0.539, 0.297, and 0.164, respectively. The findings indicate that Caijiapo Village had the highest comprehensive score of 88.79 (good level of performance), whereas Laoyukou Village had the lowest comprehensive score of 80.25 (average level of performance). Caijiapo and Liyukou exhibited the strongest overall strength, whereas Liyuanpo and Xiazhuang had moderate overall strength, and Laoyukou had the weakest overall strength. The results reveal that all five villages possess rich natural landscapes and favorable geographical conditions, demonstrating the potential and attractiveness of rural tourism development. However, the overall carrying capacity was moderate and vitality was relatively weak. This supports the AVC theory application in rural tourism research and emphasizes the importance of rural landscape quality and economic vitality. The main contributions of this study are as follows: (1) the establishment of a rural tourism landscape evaluation system based on the AVC theory, providing a scientific assessment method for sustainable development; (2) the case evaluation in the Shiying area provides decision-makers with reference for development strategies; (3) emphasis on the importance of ecological conservation in rural tourism and providing recommendations to address issues of homogenization and environmental degradation.

Exploring Outcomes of Monitoring and Evaluation for Sustainable Development (MESD) Mechanisms in Sedibeng District Municipality

This paper sought to investigate the outcomes on Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) mechanism for Sustainable development in Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM), which were recommended by the investigator in the year 2014. The reorganisation of indigenous ascendency in South Africa necessitate municipalities to assist the societies surrounded by their regions of authority. That has conveyed capability encounters for the most metropolises. They are anticipated to provide adequate ideals of amenities to the citizens. Absence of provision is stagnant deceptive in the dominant disputes by public associates exhibition their hindrance with poor provision distribution and accumulations. Moreover, metropolises were permitted as well as mandatory to articulate their particular regulations to advance the lives of public fellows, and to contrivance their legislative mandates reasonably. In directive for the metropolises to accomplish extra professionally, a transformative classical was required. The excellence of services delivered at municipal level were reviewed. Monitoring and evaluation, key elements of appraisal must be commenced. The justification after this observing and appraisal is to create the system of governance more effective by smooth handed assessment of policies, sequencers, assignments, approaches, enactment of workers, and certainty of the institute entirely. The critique is grounded on a research accompanied to deliberate on the employment of observing and appraisal apparatuses at South African metropolitan glassy. The native administration organisation necessitates additional contemplation since of noticeable talent trials. Nonetheless, there is a necessity not merely to augment the recital of workers nonetheless similarly the excellence of facilities delivered and the actual administration of metropolises as an entirely. The emphasis region of this investigation is Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM), a Category C metropolis in the Gauteng Province. The research was grounded on the notion that operative observing and appraisal apparatuses might afford maintainable progress in Sedibeng District Municipality with enhanced provision distribution. In imperative to authenticate the theory, empirically founded arranged surveys on the observing and appraisal, and service delivery were utilized. Frequency analysis, which lends itself to association breakdown, of workers’ answers and residents’ replies was directed by means of the surveys. The investigation appalled to detect breaches inside metropolitan competences to consider public necessities. The qualitative study has discovered breaches in substructure distribution related to lack of capability mainly in primary resources, viz. financial, technical and human. The competencies of Sedibeng District Municipality necessitate operative application of these main possessions, consequential in suitable principles of provision conveyance to fulfil public necessities. The metropolitan enactment to discourse public requirements was recognized, revised, highlighted and manoeuvred over a Metropolitan Impost Device, deliberated in a recommended prototypical called as Monitoring and Evaluation for Sustainable Development (MESD). The ideal was located in the metropolis in an endeavour to assistance on attaining a glassy of competence concerning maintainable growth.