Evaluation Of Scientific Results Research Articles

Performances of the e-Nauka Portal in the Republic of Serbia and Its Significance for Researchers

In recent years, digitalization has been recognized as a significant and necessary process that leads to better results, both in the education and in the scientific research. The legal and strategic framework in the Republic of Serbia follows the modern trends of the concept of open science, open knowledge, digital transformation and a unique digital format of scientific production. The Ministry of science, technological development and innovation, in cooperation with the Office for information technology and electronic administration, created the necessary conditions for dynamic the development of the scientific research and innovation system, especially in relation to the digitalization process and the establishment of an information platform, in the form of a unified national information system of scientific research activities: eNauka [eScience]. The concept of eNauka is an innovative tool that improves the efficiency and transparency of scientific processes in Serbia. The eNauka portal in the Republic of Serbia is dedicated to promoting scientific research, innovation and academic achievements within the scientific community of the Republic of Serbia. This portal provides access to scientific articles, research papers and academic publications authored by researchers from Serbia, which enables the spread of knowledge and the encouragement of scientific cooperation within the country. The eNauka portal was opened in full capacity for all active researchers in Serbia on July 3, 2023, and contains data on scientific research organizations in the Republic of Serbia, researchers and their scientific results. The goal of this paper was to bring closer to the academic community the capabilities and performance of the eNauka portal, its structure, the way and importance of data editing, with special reference to issues related to researchers’ profiles and their editing. The paper is methodologically based on a theoretical, preliminary desk analysis of relevant contemporary standpoints in domestic and foreign theory, a normative analysis of current legislative sources, an inductive and deductive approach in researching the operational performance and advantages of the eNauka portal, as well as the quantitative analysis of relevant statistical indicators of relevant parameters regarding the profile that each researcher has on the eNauka portal. The results include the analysis of data related to editing the researcher’s profile and the opportunities offered by the eNauka portal. The conclusion refers to the importance and advantages of the eNauke portal. Finally, it should be noted that one of the key functions of eNauka is the evaluation of scientific results. More precisely, the system provides the possibility of monitoring and evaluating research results, which is of great importance for the academic community.

Rational Foundations of Creative Consciousness in Science

This is a reply to the article by A.M. Dorozhkin, S.V. Shibarshina “Epistemological Randomization, or On Creativity in Science”. The comprehension of the general philosophical problems of scientific rationality is inextricably linked with the creative development of the world. An actual philosophical position can be formed on the basis of the intersection of several alternative approaches. The first is connected with the understanding of rationality as a special style of thinking of the epoch, in which the coordinate system of the worldview is set. Such rationality sets general ideas about the cognizability of the world, and forms methodological and theoretical scientific strategies. Rationality outlines the boundaries of a scientist’s creative thought. Addressing the problem of the rationality of scientific creativity involves the use of a second approach, on the basis of which we can talk about the use of a variety of logics in describing the world. At the same time, confidence in their connection with reality allows us to hope for the formation of a holistic description of the problem in the future. In this case, we are dealing with an act of cognitive activity, as a result of which our consciousness throws a rational construct as a network on a situation of uncertainty, explaining and mastering it – the picture of the world is ordered. According to the third position, the evaluation of scientific results is flexible, plastic in nature: what is perceived as methodologically erroneous today may turn out to be a scientific discovery tomorrow. Thus, it can be stated that the creative thinking of the researcher is inscribed in certain cultural conditions of understanding reality, and this situation has a rationally given meaning. At the same time, the human mind always strives beyond the limits of the definable and categorically set, with the help of rationality, progressively groping the boundaries of the unknown and going beyond the limits of the possible.

Онтологический подход к проектированию научно-производственных систем

Considering ontology as one of the aspects of systematization, the study is focused on the analysis of entities that accompany and arise in the designing process. All entities are displayed from various design procedures and operations, are combined by the design process and are links between design procedures and operations. Their ontology forms a certain skeleton, the main part of this process. The revealed order of combining entities is used in the designing scientific and production system for research purposes. The structure of the system is synthesized, including both research and experimental production components. The key parameter that determines the design and implementation of the designed system is revealed. Its usefulness is evaluated in three aspects: effectiveness, expediency and optimality. At the same time, the research and experimental production components are evaluated by fundamentally different indicators. The evaluation of scientific results is based on their significance, and when evaluating the functioning of the production component, economic indicators are used. A two-level scheme for managing the design process, aimed at maximizing the efficiency of the designed system is synthesized. At the second level, indicators of effectiveness, expediency and optimality of all projected components at each stage are monitored. If the values of any of these indicators deviate from the optimal ones, the second level directs one or more of the types of control actions to the first level: parametric, structural or organizational.

Https://ras.jes.su/gp/s013207690003650-7-1

https://ras.jes.su/gp/s013207690003650-7-1

Thermodynamics of aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics at subzero temperatures

Nonwoven fabrics and aerogel have complementary properties required for good thermal insulation. In this work, the polyester/polyethylene nonwoven thermal wraps treated with amorphous silica aerogel are studied and characterized with regard to thermodynamical properties at subzero temperatures. The characterization of physical structure was done by scanning electron microscope. C-Therm TCi thermal conductivity analyzer was used to measure thermal properties like conductivity, resistance, and effusivity at subzero temperatures. Heat transfer caused by convection through the thermal wraps was measured by particle image velocimetry technique, which allows obtaining information about the current distribution of velocities in two-dimensional array in a flowing fluid. Vector and scalar maps of the fluid flow were caused by thermal convection. The samples were studied for different temperature gradients. On scientific evaluation of results, thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity were found to be differing with respect to different temperatures and fabric density. Thermal resistance showed an increase as the fabric thickness increases. It was observed that fabric density and the aerogel present in the structures have a significant effect on thermal properties of aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics. The findings in this study are significant and can be used for further research in aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics.

Bias Neglect: A Blind Spot in the Evaluation of Scientific Results

Experimenter bias occurs when scientists' hypotheses influence their results, even if involuntarily. Meta-analyses have suggested that in some domains, such as psychology, up to a third of the studies could be unreliable due to such biases. A series of experiments demonstrates that while people are aware of the possibility that scientists can be more biased when the conclusions of their experiments fit their initial hypotheses, they robustly fail to appreciate that they should also be more sceptical of such results. This is true even when participants read descriptions of studies that have been shown to be biased. Moreover, participants take other sources of bias-such as financial incentives-into account, showing that this bias neglect may be specific to theory-driven hypothesis testing. In combination with a common style of scientific reporting, bias neglect could lead the public to accept premature conclusions.

Quantification of Errors Introduced in the Numerical Approximation and Implementation of Smoothness-Increasing Accuracy Conserving (SIAC) Filtering of Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) Fields

The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method continues to maintain heightened levels of interest within the simulation community because of the discretization flexibility it provides. Although one of the fundamental properties of the DG methodology and arguably its most powerful property is the ability to combine high-order discretizations on an inter-element level while allowing discontinuities between elements, this flexibility generates a plethora of difficulties when one attempts to post-process DG fields for analysis and evaluation of scientific results. Smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving (SIAC) filtering enhances the smoothness of the field by eliminating the discontinuity between elements in a way that is consistent with the DG methodology; in particular, high-order accuracy is preserved and in many cases increased. Fundamental to the post-processing approach is the convolution of a spline-based kernel against a DG field. This paper presents a study of the impact of numerical quadrature approximations on the resulting convolution. We discuss both theoretical estimates as well as empirical results which demonstrate the efficacy of the post-processing approach when different levels and types of quadrature approximation are used. Finally, we provide some guidelines for effective use of SIAC filtering of DG fields when used as input to common post-processing and visualization techniques.

Ontological foundations for conceptual modelling

Etymologically, the term “ontology” means the study of existence. In philosophy, ontology is the branch of metaphysics concerned with the fundamental nature of being, addressing deep questions such as “Do nonphysical things exist?”, “Does an object remain identical to itself when it undergoes change?”, and so on. Ontology in this sense is a mature discipline, with a history of systematic development in western philosophy at least since Aristotle. The business of ontology “. . . is to study the most general features of reality” (Peirce, 1935), as opposed to the several specific scientific disciplines (e.g., physics, chemistry, biology), which deal only with entities that fall within their respective domain. However, there are many ontological principles that are utilized in scientific research, for instance, in the selection of concepts and hypotheses, in the axiomatic reconstruction of scientific theories, in the design of techniques, and in the evaluation of scientific results (Bunge, 1977, p. 19). Thus, to quote the physicist and philosopher of science Mario Bunge, “every science presupposes some metaphysics”. In the beginning of the 20th century, the philosopher Edmund Husserl coined the term “formal ontology” as analogous to formal logic. Whilst formal logic deals with formal logical structures (e.g., truth, validity, consistency) independently of their veracity, formal ontology deals with formal ontological structures (e.g., theory of parthood, types and instantiation, identity, dependence, unity), i.e., with formal aspects of entities irrespective of their particular nature. The unfolding of formal ontology as a philosophical discipline aims at developing a system of general categories that can be used in the development of scientific theories and domain-specific common sense theories of reality. According to Smith (2004), the term “ontology” in the computer and information science literature appeared for the first time in 1967, in a work on the foundations of data modeling by S.H. Mealy, in a passage where he distinguishes three distinct realms in the field of data processing, namely: (i) “the real world itself ”; (ii) “ideas about it existing in the minds of men”; (iii) “symbols on paper or some other storage medium”. This view bears obvious resemblance to the famous semiotic triangle of Ogden & Richards (1923). Mealy concludes the passage arguing about the existence of things in the world