Evaluation Of Scientific Activity Research Articles

An overview of science evaluation in Poland and Croatia

Science is considered to be the driving force of society and the economy; therefore, adequate evaluation and allocation of funds are necessary for achieving this. This paper briefly presents issues of the trends in the evaluation of scientific activities in Poland and Croatia. Based on the literature review, differences in the evaluation systems of individual countries have been noted, as well as several recommendations.

Method for Assessing the Thematic Proximity of Scientific Magazines

The paper describes an algorithm for determining the thematic proximity of magazines. The results of its software implementation can be used to solve the following urgent tasks: clasification of the scientometric indicators values in the evaluation of scientific activity; assessment of the main trends in the development of the main scientific areas; determination of the relationships between data in information systems for constructing ontologies and defining safety rules within the framework of the ABAC model; creation of effective and convenient mechanisms for searching for scientific information. A feature of the presented algorithm is the use of the co-authorship graph for constructing the thematic proximity metric and the ability to process magazines in different languages, which is difficult to implement for other thematic analysis algorithms based on the analysis of full-text information. The software implementation of the presented algorithm is used in practice in the scientometric system "ISTINA".

Проблеми оцінювання наукової діяльності

Проблеми оцінювання наукової діяльності

SCIENCE ASSESSMENT: WHAT IS LIMITATION MEASURED?

The article launches a discussion regarding the evaluation of scientific activity or the evaluation of journals in the light of databases, and mainly with reference to the Leiden Manifesto. The foreseeable consequences of the totalitarian imposition of scientometric approaches leading to segregation in the scientific field and, as a consequence, its destruction, as happened with the science of the USSR, are given. Scientometry or bibliometry, which has recently been regarded as the apex achievement of the human mind, is represented as cytatometry or, more accurately, surname (special metometry). It is substantiated why such an approach has the opposite effect: a quantitative indicator obscures the absence of what is the essence of science. The question is, to what extent is the review of literary sources of scientific importance beyond performing the ethical ritual of honoring predecessors? What will change the scientific results if the respect for glorious ancestors is otherwise exercised? The article describes the definition of science as a sphere of human activity in a broader sense than it tries to impart to policy science (science as a force in new weapons), publishers (science as a factor of influence), or entrepreneurs (science as a new income). Science is presented as the embodiment of the cognitive needs and capabilities of all mankind, which is always an individual acquisition of the individual, including in the case of combining individual efforts in any of the groups of people united for a common purpose. The part of the population involved in the predominantly knowledge-intensive mode of production and maintenance of human viability will naturally grow. Within the bounds of lawlessness outlined in the title of the article, attention is drawn to the question of who is crossing the boundary between the known and the unknown. The overcoming person makes this sense of their own activity, which is commonly called scientific. But overcoming this boundary does not necessarily translate into the propaganda of what has come to light - the design of text that has been defined as scientific. Therefore, the review of the absurdities seen and recorded by Jonathan Swift in the 18th century is proposed to continue counting the names of 21st-century scholars called scientometry or bibliometry, which has nothing to do with evaluating science as a process and the consequence of bridging the line between knowledge and ignorance. Large-scale attempts to reduce all scientific knowledge to numbers gave rise to the conclusion in the article that mathematical calculations as a way of assessing science can be very accurate in detail, but wrong in general. It is argued that the assessment of science is the same science that can exist only in the form of research. The assessment of the value of science results to society belongs to all members of society, not just to members of a limited circle of scientists who, for the most part, happen to be the evaluators. Keyword: definitions of science, scientometry or bibliometry, surname (special feature), Leiden principles, English segment, limited number of scientists, avoidance of one-sidedness, science for society.

Qualidade de revistas científicas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

A avaliação da atividade científica é um fato que tem crescido e sido bastante evidenciado na comunidade acadêmica nas últimas décadas. As revistas científicas, principais fontes de informação na atualidade e responsáveis pela difusão do conhecimento por meio de publicações científicas, são os meios de avaliação da atividade científica mais visionados. Em meio a era digital e a necessidade da publicação para a validação dos estudos, é eminente o aumento da produção científica, que consequentemente acarreta o surgimento de novos títulos de revistas. O surgimento destes novos títulos esparra na necessidade da avaliação das revistas científicas. Acredita-se que seja necessário propor parâmetros e indicadores de qualidade que auxiliem nesta avaliação. Como sabe-se, já existem indicadores de qualidade que auxiliam na avaliação das revistas científicas, dos quais o fator de impacto e o Qualis Capes são os mais utilizados e enfatizados na literatura. Mas até que ponto podemos considerar o fator de impacto e o Qualis Capes como os principais indicadores de qualidade das revistas científicas e utilizá-los em grande maioria para classificar a qualidade de uma revista científica? Partindo dos pontos supracitados, a pesquisa em questão pretende realizar uma análise da literatura, mais especificamente uma revisão sistemática da literatura a fim de responder a seguinte questão: o que caracteriza uma revista científica de qualidade de acordo com a literatura científica? De antemão, pode-se concluir que a literatura ainda está muito restrita à qualidade de revistas científicas, utilizando como principal indicador o fator de impacto, mas outros indicadores não menos importantes também estão ganhando espaço. Percebe-se ainda que é um tema incipiente, apesar da grande preocupação dos autores de artigos em publicarem seus manuscritos em revistas de renome.

Human Nature-History-Honesty Norms of Scientific Ethics

The responsibility of science organization is not only expanding the correct knowledge, but also towards the goal that trying to gain greater benefits for human being. So, in different situation, it can constitute the different understanding and evaluation of scientific activities. Scientific ethics norms include human nature, history, honesty, etc., they constitute a tetrahedron. But in the real scientific activities it is not always like that, the tetrahedron changes with the specific conditions.

¿Se puede evaluar la calidad de las revistas científicas? Principales limitaciones

The number of scientific journals worldwide continues to grow. However, not all journals have the same quality, so you need to have indicators to facilitate the journals subscriptions selection in order to formalize, manuscript submission and evaluation of scientific activity.

Scientific outputs of Middle Eastern countries in Web of Science Database (WOS) from 1990 to 2010

The present study examined and compared the scientific outputs of Middle Eastern countries and their growth rate in Web of Science database (WOS) from 1990 to 2010 using scientometric methods and techniques. The study is descriptive and was done using scientometrics which is the most highly-used method in the evaluation of scientific activities. The data were retrieved from The Web of Science database (WOS). The findings of this study show that Israel, Turkey, Iran, and Egypt had the highest number of scientific publications among the Middle Eastern countries in WOS database. Results show that Iran and Turkey had an upward trend in scientific outputs. In fact, they had increased their GERD/GDP and the number of their researchers in R&D sector which contributed to their scientific achievement of the last decade. In contrast, Israel had a downward trend which may be the result of some political crisis. Arab countries also increased their GERD/GDP and the number of their researchers in R&D which led to a slight rise in their scientific outputs. The study of collaboration patterns between Middle East and the world as well as among Middle Eastern countries indicates that they were highly affected by politics, race, and language.

Science in South Brazil: Production overview between 2000 and 2010

The evaluation of scientific activity is essential in building R&D indicators which are used to ensure the distribution of resources, the development of national, regional and institutional policies and to assess the results of the implemented strategies. Recently, this type of evaluation has also become a point of interest for nations that present rapid expanding scientific output. This is the case of Brazil. However, in addition to data at national level, it is also important to identify the situation at regional level, since several Brazilian regions present a huge diversity. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the scientific output in Rio Grande do Sul, a state located in southern Brazil, indexed by Web of Science between the years 2000 and 2010, identifying characteristics such as the output size, document type, language and journal name. Bibexcel software was employed for analysis of the 41,552 references obtained. Results show a large growth of scientific output between years 2006 and 2009, the diversity of languages in which papers are published, the importance of journal papers and the prevalence of articles on Agriculture.

Early Modern “Citation Index”? Medical Authorities in Academic Treatises on Plague (1480–1725)

The paper deals with the problem of early modern scientific citations. It attempts to establish a measure of scientific popularity in a specific area of the academic medicine in a way which resembles a modern evaluation of scientific activity (citation index). For this purpose an analysis of a series of plague treatises written between 1480 and 1725 in Europe was conducted. Citations for various historical medical authorities (Hippocrates, Galen, etc.) are given in Tables which reflect a long time development of popularity. The authorities from various groups (Ancient, Medieval, Arabic, Early Modern) are linked together, and "generic authorities" are explained and discussed.

Indicators of Ibero-American scientific production

The evaluation of scientific activity is a difficult task due to the way in which knowledge areas mix its objects, theories, methods and techniques to produce new ways of seeing reality; however, the use of qualitative parameters such as evaluation by peers, quantitative indicators of publications, and information technology are the elements used in the evaluation of scientific production. In this direction, the bibliometric indicators are used to evaluate the results of investments in research and the publication of scientific articles, production of patents and answer the questions about the impact of research in the scientific community. Although these indicators may not be considered sufficient demonstration of the degree of Indicators of Ibero-American scientific production

Evaluación y priorización de la investigación científica en España. El punto de vista de los investigadores

The assessment and prioritisation of research activity are essential components of any Science, Technology and Industry System. Data on researchers' perspectives in this respect are scarce. The objective of this paper was to describe Spanish scientists' point of view on the current evaluation system in Spain and how they believe this system should be functionally structured.From the sampling frame formed by established Spanish scientists, listed in the databases of CSIC and FIS (Institute of Health Carlos III), clinical, biomedical-non clinical, and physics and chemical researchers were randomly selected. Two hundred and eleven interviews were carried out by means of a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system.Researchers expressed their acknowledgement of progress in the Spanish research field but made their wish clear to progress towards better scientific scenarios. In their assessment, they gave a score of 5.4 to scientific policy, as opposed to 9.4 when speaking about the goals, reflecting the desire for a better policy definition, with clear objectives, stable strategies and better coordination of R&D activities (the current coordination received a score of 3.9, while the desirable coordination was valued as high as 9.2). There was certain agreement regarding the need for a prioritisation criteria which preserves some degree of creativity by researchers. They also stated that they would like to see an independent research structure with social prestige and influence.The interviewed researchers believe that the evaluation of scientific activities is fundamental in formulating a sound scientific policy. Prioritisation should arise from appropriate evaluation. Strategies properly coordinated among all the stakeholders (including the private sector) should be fostered. Budget sufficiency, stability, and better organization of independent researchers should be the backbone of any strategy tailored to increase their capacity to influence future scientific policies.

On the problem of determining a citation index of publications by Kazakh scientists

This paper discusses the evaluation of scientific activity with the help of some scientometric indices, in particular, a citation index. The information massif of the bibliographic database of citations to domestic publications of Kazakh authors is statistically described.

Institutional addresses in the Web of Science: the effects on scientific evaluation

The effectiveness of the analytical tools used for the evaluation of scientific activity has been enhanced by the availability of bibliographic databases, in particular the standard-setting Institute for Scientific Information databases, whose operating rules are widely accepted by the scientific community. One of these rules is the availability in a single field of the institutional affiliations of all the authors of a paper. In practice this rule has been replaced by another, resulting from the inclusion of a new option, whereby records can be retrieved by the author’s reprint address (Reprint Address field). The outcome is diversity in the information on affiliation that may generate some degree of uncertainty in connection with institutional attribution when discrepancies arise between the information contained in the two fields, mainly when the only option available is the reprint address. The present study found a high degree of uncertainty, however, essentially for the period prior to Web of Science, in particular for scientific evaluation in peripheral countries such as Spain.

Creacción de un índice de citas de revistas españolas de Humanidades para el estudio de la actividad investigadora de los científicos de estas disciplinas

Bibliometric studies based on the analysis of citations have proved interesting in the evaluation of scientific activity from different perspectives. Their use, however, depends on access to data on the bibliography referenced by authors in their papers, information that is rarely included in databases. In fact, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) is the only institution whose databases contain the bibliographic references cited in the papers indexed (Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and their coverage of scientific literature published outside Anglo-Saxon countries is limited, particularly in the area of humanities. For this reason, a multidisciplinary group at Madrid’s Carlos III University undertook a pilot project designed to create a citation index of Spanish humanities journals, specifically in the area of History, to analyse a number of aspects relating to scientific activity in this discipline, such as the authors and sources most often cited, typology of the documentation used, obsolescence of the information or their knowledge of languages. These issues were analysed based on nearly 25.000 bibliographic references cited in papers published by selected Spanish history journals in 1997 and 1998.