Evaluation Of Research Projects Research Articles

Urban heat island: a primary guide for urban designers

Today, the most severe issue in metropolitan areas is rising surface temperature due to poor urban design. Given the significance of the urban thermal island, numerous studies have been done to discover the mechanisms influencing its growth and decline. Thermal comfort is relatively simpler to accomplish inside a building, whereas it is considerably more challenging to achieve in open spaces, and hence far less work has been done on it. The construction of urban thermal islands has emerged as one of the most serious concerns of our day, and it has captured the scientific community's attention. Attention to this subject has expanded dramatically in scholarly articles and research, particularly in the recent decade. Because of the subject's relevance, this study aims to undertake a systematic evaluation and thematic analysis of papers and scientific research in this field. According to studies, the urban heat island is influenced by climatic elements and city-building factors. All climate influences are sunlight, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, soil and air humidity, precipitation, latitude, seasonal change, topography, and proximity to rivers and the sea. Although these elements are almost uncontrolled in existing cities, they are essential in finding new cities or deciding the direction of city development. The second element category is controllable and primarily connected to city planning and building. Recognizing the significance of these factors can demonstrate the relevance and value of urban planning and design in lowering urban heat islands. We review the nature and aspects of this phenomenon in this article by exploring the theoretical foundations of this topic.

What are the Factors Affecting Psychosocial Adaptation to the Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Objective: The research was conducted to identify the factors influencing social adaptation to the disease in the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out prospectively in a pandemic hospital in Istanbul between 10 May 2020 and 30 May 2020 after obtaining the permission of the Ministry of Health COVID-19 Scientific Research Evaluation Commission, institutional permission and ethics committee permission, with 100 patients who accepted to participate in the study who received inpatient treatment due to COVID-19. A patient information form, which includes demographic information, and the Psychosocial Self-Adjustment to Illness Scale were administered to the patients. Results: The mean age of patients participating in the study was 45.74±17.27 years, 49% were female, 63% were married, 25% had completed primary school, and 41% were not working. The mean psychosocial adjustment score of individuals with COVID-19 was 39.27±19.53. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients were observed to have a moderate psychosocial adjustment to the disease. Gender, marital status, education level, the presence of chronic diseases, and age were identified as factors influencing psychosocial adjustment.

Study on CCD temperature measurement method without channel proportional coefficient calibration

The physical state and physicochemical properties of matter can be directly affected by high temperature process. Therefore, the measurement of high temperature is of great significance in the fields of scientific research, material processing, and equipment evaluation. However, the existing charge-coupled device (CCD) colorimetric temperature measurement technology fails to deal with the system of integral equations, and it needs to be re-calibrated to obtain the channel proportional coefficient to complete the solution. Thus, the complexity of the preparation process is increased and experimental errors inevitably occur. In this study, Lagrange theorem calculation method of CCD colorimetric temperature measurement is not considered, and a temperature solution method based on Taylor expansion of integral equations is proposed by using the same hypothesis. The theoretical error range is analyzed, and the selection method of optimal expansion wavelength and the calculation steps of actual temperature measurement are presented. The uncertainty of the system is discussed, a comparative experiment of colorimetric temperature measurement is conducted by measuring the flame temperature, and the experimental error is analyzed. To verify the accuracy of theoretical calculations, this study effectively simplifies the calibration steps of temperature measurement equipment, and provides a new idea for multi-wavelength and multi-channel two-dimensional temperature measurement.

Retracted: Identification of Scientific Research Evaluation Indicators of College Teachers Based on Wireless Communication Network

Retracted: Identification of Scientific Research Evaluation Indicators of College Teachers Based on Wireless Communication Network

Color CCD High-Temperature Measurement Method Based on Matrix Searching

High-temperature processes can have a direct impact on the state and physicochemical properties of materials, making high-temperature measurements important in scientific research, materials processing, and equipment evaluation. A temperature measurement method of color CCD based on matrix search is reported in this paper. In this method, the traditional temperature reverse calculation process is transformed into the forward matrix search process, and the process parameters such as medium absorption gamma correction are incorporated, which saves the calculation resources and is closer to the actual temperature measurement conditions. A temperature measurement process and a temperature visualization procedure are designed for this high-temperature measurement method, the flame temperature measurement experiments are carried out, and the error results are obtained. By comparing the solution results and chrominance deviation distance between the perturbation emissivity model and the non-perturbation emissivity model, the robustness of the solution method is discussed.

Evaluation of Scientific Research in Universities Based on the Theories for Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Under the background of insufficient scientific research funding, evaluating the level of scientific research from the perspective of sustainable development is necessary. The study aims to develop an evaluation index system based on the theories for sustainable competitive advantage (SCA), which could be used to evaluate the sustainable development trend of scientific research in universities. In this study, 42 world-class universities in China are used as examples to calculate their SCA performance in scientific research using the entropy and equal weights methods. The scores of scientific research in different universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2021 are used to verify the effectiveness of the evaluation index system. The results show that the evaluation index system can effectively predict the scientific research performance of universities in the future. It could be deduced from the results that universities with better scientific research performance meet the needs of the external market better and have more valuable, rare, imitable, and ambiguous resources but a lower level of scientific research dynamic ability. The evaluation index system makes up for the lack of emphasis on the potential scientific research capacity of the university in the current evaluation methods. It can help university administrators formulate relevant scientific research management regulations.

Survey and analysis of the data policy of the journals listed in the Excellence Action Plan for China's STM Journals Program for example

As an important output of scientific research, scientific data play an important role in scholarly communication. The establishment of the data policy of STM journals is of great significance to promote the data sharing, data reuse, data citation and scientific research evaluation. In this paper, by means of literature research and online research and based on the information published on journal websites, we surveyed the data policies operation status of 302 STM journals that were selected as the leading journals, key journals, and echelon journals in the Excellence Action Plan for China's STM Journals. Then we statistically analyzed the data policy setting, and the features of the policy, such as classification types, data availability, and data citation. The survey shows the current practice progress of China’s high-level STM journals related to scientific data publishing. Among the statistical journal sources, 81.82% of leading journals, 62.07% of key journals, 34.67% of echelon journals and 69.23% of high-starting new journals have formulated relevant data policies. According to survey results, the publication of data in STM journals has been widely recognized as one of the effective ways to promote scientific data sharing. Presently, all major publishing institutions have developed relevant data policies. Compared with the international counterparts, the data publishing of China’s STM journals still has a long way to go in industry recognition and framework strategy, and it is urgent to develop a universal data policy framework for different journals and publishers.

Organising inter- and transdisciplinary research in practice. The case of the meta-organisation French LTSER platforms

This article studies the reorganisation of research communities in a context characterised by tension between increasing calls for inter- and transdisciplinary research (ITDR) and the persistent structuring, functioning and evaluation of scientific research on a mainly disciplinary basis. We focus on the case of the French LTSER platforms, the ‘Zones Ateliers’ (ZAs), which are committed to ITDR on social-ecological systems, drawing on in-depth interviews with their leaders, analysis of their applications for creation or renewal and bibliometric data. We use the two concepts of boundary organisation and meta-organisation to analyse the organisational aspects of ZAs. We show that ZAs are not only quasi boundary organisations, as is often emphasised, but also research-based meta-organisations, which is ignored but has important implications for their functioning and dynamics. Our study also shows that ZAs have so far had a limited impact on the organisation of research communities, and that the levels of inter- and transdisciplinarity in their bodies, projects and publications have recently increased but remain relatively low. Our article contributes to the literature about LTSER platforms by exploring the relationship between their type of organisation and what they can achieve to promote ITDR. It also contributes to the literature about boundary organisations and meta-organisations, by clarifying their similarities and differences, as well as their limitations and added value for investigating the organisational aspects of initiatives to promote ITDR.

The Impact of Developing Scientific Research in Higher Education Institutions on Achieving Sustainable Development under the Corona Pandemic

The research aimed to identify the impact of developing scientific research in higher education institutions on achieving sustainable development under the Corona pandemic. The descriptive analytical method was used and data was obtained through a questionnaire that was distributed to a sample (210) employees randomly selected from four Palestinian universities: Al-Azhar University, Isra University, University of Palestine and Gaza University. The study results revealed that the application of developing scientific research and sustainable development in the universities under study received a high degree of respondents’ assessment. There was a direct statistically significant relationship between the scientific research development and the level of promoting sustainable development in the universities. There were also no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of promoting sustainable development in these universities due to the variable of the university, while there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of promoting sustainable development in the universities due to the variable of gender, in favor of females, as female faculty members seek to prove themselves as other faculty members who are no less competent in this field. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, including the need to establish a national authority for scientific research to be concerned with the quality and evaluation of scientific research in universities and subscribing to foreign databases and sources that provide help to researchers.

Variance Analysis in China's Coal Mine Accident Studies Based on Data Mining.

The risk of coal mine accidents rises significantly with mining depth, making it urgent for accident prevention to be supported by both scientific analysis and advanced technologies. Hence, a comprehensive grasp of the research progress and differences in hotspots of coal mine accidents in China serves as a guide to find the shortcomings of studies in the field, promote the effectiveness of coal mine disaster management, and enhance the prevention and control ability of coal mine accidents. This paper analyzes Chinese and foreign literature based on data mining algorithms (LSI + Apriori), and the findings indicate that: (1) 99% of the available achievements are published in Chinese or English-language journals, with the research history conforming to the stage of Chinese coal industry development, which is characterized by "statistical description, risk evaluation, mechanism research, and intelligent reasoning". (2) Chinese authors are the primary contributors that lead and contribute to the continued development of coal mine accident research in China globally. Over 81% of the authors and over 60% of the new authors annually are from China. (3) The emphasis of the Chinese and English studies is different. Specifically, the Chinese studies focus on the analysis of accident patterns and causes at the macroscale, while the English studies concentrate on the occupational injuries of miners at the small-scale and the mechanism of typical coal mine disasters (gas and coal spontaneous combustion). (4) The research process in Chinese is generally later than that in English due to the joint influence of the target audience, industrial policy, and scientific research evaluation system. After 2018, the Chinese studies focus significantly on AI technology in deep mining regarding accident rules, regional variation analysis, risk monitoring and early warning, as well as knowledge intelligence services, while the hotspots of English studies remain unchanged. Furthermore, both Chinese and English studies around 2019 focus on "public opinion", with Chinese ones focusing on serving the government to guide the correct direction of public opinion while English studies focus on critical research of news authenticity and China's safety strategy.

The Problem of Unbalance and Inadequacy of Scientific Research Evaluation in China’s Universities

The Problem of Unbalance and Inadequacy of Scientific Research Evaluation in China’s Universities

The Use of Fi-Index Tool to Assess Per-manuscript Self-citations

AbstractBibliometric parameters are now increasingly used in the evaluation of scientific research and researchers/authors. Over the years, different indices have been taken into consideration with the aim of “quantifying” different authors. A new index was recently defined, the Fi-index, with the aim of evaluate how much the h-index of a given author is influenced by his self-citations. The purpose of this work is to apply the Fi-index, not to the entire career of the author, as normally happens, but to the single paper in course of publication, so as to verify or certify that a specific manuscript does not affect the h-index or citations from the single author or authors. Fi-index tool score measure the impact of a paper on author career and it is obtained by a simple calculation that could be made with an online tool (www.fident.eu/fidentresearch/fiindextool). The use of fi-index tool could be useful as a guarantee parameter on a specific manuscript, obviously provided that a particular author could have a scientific research trend. It is hoped that this index will be used on a large scale for scientific publications affected by bibliometric parameters.

Identification of Scientific Research Evaluation Indicators of College Teachers Based on Wireless Communication Network

The evaluation indicator of teachers’ scientific research is a very important criterion in the evaluation of teachers’ scientific research in colleges and universities. Generally, indicators are divided into three levels, and each indicator setting must be very precise. Many indicator systems for college teachers have been created at present. However, there are some problems in the identification of indicators in the evaluation process. There will be cross-repetition between indicators, and the quantification of indicators is not detailed enough, resulting in inaccurate results. To solve these problems and make the evaluation results more fair and accurate, this paper took a university as a case, a deeply discussed method based on wireless communication network, and conducts an experimental analysis on the identification of university teachers’ scientific research evaluation indicators. Using the method of wireless communication network, the problem of index identification was analyzed, and the experimental research of index identification was carried out by using wireless communication network. The results showed that the index of engineering teachers’ practical ability was relatively high, and the weight value was 0.38. The liberal arts was relatively low, and the weight value was only 0.26. However, on the cognitive index, the weight value of liberal arts was the highest, with the weight value of 0.33 while that of engineering was only 0.28. It can be seen that the method applied in this paper greatly improved the efficiency of the whole evaluation, and it made the index recognition more rapid and accurate. Therefore, further research on wireless communication networks and index identification can be considered.

Status Bias in Chinese Scholarly Publishing: An Exploratory Study Based on Mixed Methods

The academic community requires not only responsible research but also responsible academic journals. An exploratory study of Chinese-language academic journals that used mixed methods found Chinese-language academic journals on the humanities and social sciences exhibiting a widespread status bias. Most of them summarily rejected submissions from junior researchers and students without paying due attention to the quality of the research itself. The main reasons for this problem are editorial department resources, the scientific research evaluation system, the editorial department culture, and the wider academic environment. This study recommends that Chinese-language academic journals join the Committee on Publication Ethics, other publishing ethics organizations, and the “Responsible Journals” program as soon as possible.

Contextual Exceptionalism After Death: An Information Ethics Approach to Post-Mortem Privacy in Health Data Research

In this article, we use the theory of Information Ethics to argue that deceased people have a prima facie moral right to privacy in the context of health data research, and that this should be reflected in regulation and guidelines. After death, people are no longer biological subjects but continue to exist as informational entities which can still be harmed/damaged. We find that while the instrumental value of recognising post-mortem privacy lies in the preservation of the social contract for health research, its intrinsic value is grounded in respect for the dignity of the post-mortem informational entity. However, existing guidance on post-mortem data protection is available only in the context of genetic studies. In comparing the characteristics of genetic data and other health-related data, we identify two features of DNA often given as arguments for this genetic exceptionalism: relationality and embodiment. We use these concepts to show that at the appropriate Level of ion, there is no morally relevant distinction between posthumous genetic and other health data. Thus, genetic data should not automatically receive special moral status after death. Instead we make a plea for ‘contextual exceptionalism’. Our analysis concludes by reflecting on a real-world case and providing suggestions for contextual factors that researchers and oversight bodies should take into account when designing and evaluating research projects with health data from deceased subjects.

Reframing research impact

Amy Nelson, Senior Research Associate at University College London, and her team proposed a suite of deep learning models for scientific research evaluation that goes beyond citation-based features in impact analysis of biomedical research. In this People of Data, she talks about the future of medicine and patient care from the perspective of data science.

Scientific research competitiveness in hospitals: A narrative review of major hospital ranking systems in China.

Background and AimsSeveral hospital ranking systems have been created in China recently, but there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of the weight and significance of scientific research in hospital ranking. The present study aimed to identify and analyze the role of scientific research competitiveness in various hospital ranking systems in China.MethodsOver 200 materials published between 2010 and 2020 and related to three mainstream hospital ranking systems in China were reviewed. The methodologies applied in the three ranking systems were analyzed and compared. In addition, the comparative learning and analysis of Top 10 and Top 46–55 hospitals according to the ranking system of China's Best Hospital Rankings was performed for a longitudinal study.ResultsThe three major hospital rankings had different scientific research capability ranking methodologies and emphases of scientific research evaluation systems. The most commonly used indicators were science citation index (SCI) publications, National Scientific Foundation of China funding, a number of national key laboratories, and a number of academicians. The relative standing of several top hospitals showed slightly different in the three major Chinese hospital ranking systems. For the longitudinal study, we found that the fluctuation of the ranking of the Top 46–55 hospitals was significantly higher than that of the Top 10 hospitals, in which scientific research played a vital role.ConclusionThe proportion of scientific research plays an important role in the hospital ranking systems. The quality and quantity of SCI publications, the key indicators of national projects, and top academic talents are the most important factors used to evaluate the level of hospital scientific research, and thus affect the ranking of hospitals.

Enhancing the well-being of front-line healthcare professionals in high pressure clinical environments: A mixed-methods evaluative research project

BackgroundThe last few years have witnessed a growing concern with the well-being of healthcare professionals internationally because of increasing recognition of its impact on patient outcomes and staff retention. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has placed additional and substantial pressure on frontline healthcare professionals, gives added urgency to the topic.While numerous, and successful, interventions have been developed to address compromised well-being among healthcare professionals, they have not always been able to support the needs of frontline staff, specifically those working in high-pressure environments. ObjectiveThis paper presents findings of an evaluative research study of an intervention, named the Resilience and Well-being Training Programme, developed and implemented within an Acute Assessment Unit in a hospital in the UK. The 8 week-long programme followed a combined approach (both person-directed and work-directed), with mindfulness training as well as lectures and discussions to deepen participants' understanding of organisational life. The training, delivered from January to July 2018, involved a total of 72 healthcare professionals from a wide range of levels (UK bands 2–8), trained in three cohorts. DesignThe research followed a pre-post design to explore participants' experiences of working on the Unit, the programme and its impact on themselves and their working life. SettingThe study was conducted in a large NHS district general hospital in South London, UK. ParticipantsParticipants included healthcare assistants and nurses who had completed their preceptorship, worked in the hospital's acute assessment unit, and had undertaken the resilience and well-being training programme. MethodsThe study employed mixed methods (online questionnaire, face-to-face focus groups/interviews) to collect data. ResultsFindings showed participants' positive experience with the programme, however it had limited positive impacts on aspects of compromised well-being at the personal level and a statistically significant enhancement of the quality of relationships and communication on the Unit, with medium effect size (Cohen's D). The programme had a positive impact on the culture of the Unit. ConclusionsResults highlight the demand for and value of programmes designed in ways that enable this group of professionals to take part, because these professionals are often not able to participate in such programmes. A strong commitment from the leadership to enable staff attendance in time-protected programmes is one approach that works well in the short-term. However, this may be challenging to accomplish and raises issues of sustainability.

The Enhancement of Academic Library Subject Services According to Discipline Articles Analysis

ABSTRACT With the further promotion of ”Double First-Class” construction of universities in China, the new goal of all universities is building the first-class discipline. Academic library is the literature center of university, subject services of library should follow the pace of discipline development. In this paper, the citation frequency, which is considered as one of the important indicators of scientific research evaluation and academic evaluation, is taken as the breakthrough point. We take pharmacology as an example, take Web of Science as the platform, analyze the journal articles of this discipline in 2006–2016, reveal the characteristics of highly cited articles and the causes of zero cited articles. From publishing journals, publication year, research direction, fund and scientific research institutions to reveal academic library how to optimize journal navigation and collection structure and how to help researchers select periodicals, propagate research productions, explore the potential themes, control discipline trends, track disciplinary hot spots, obtain funding, strengthen research cooperation, etc. in order to make the subject services of library further expand.

The Impact of the Pregnancy Sickness Support Training Package on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Student Midwives Towards Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Protocol for a Small, Evaluative Research Project

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition causing severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Patients with hyperemesis gravidarum report that caregivers dismiss their illness, and lack understanding and compassion towards them. Midwifery theoretical education plays a key role in preparing future midwives for practice. It is proposed that the Pregnancy Sickness Support charity’s training session on hyperemesis gravidarum be assessed as to its impacts on the knowledge and attitudes of student midwives. The results of the research will provide evidence for the use of the training session in university undergraduate midwifery education.