Evaluation Of Renewable Energy Sources Research Articles

Evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources for a Sustainable Future: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach

The urgent global challenges of climate change, energy security, and environmental degradation highlight the need for sustainable energy solutions. Renewable energy sources (RES) present a viable pathway towards sustainability by mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and fostering economic resilience. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose an advanced Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach to evaluate various RES by integrating environmental, economic, technological, social acceptance, and resource availability criteria, to identify the most suitable RES for sustainable energy solutions. Methodology: The study employs a hybrid method combining Type-2 Neutrosophic Numbers (T2NN) with LOPCOW (Logarithmic Percentage Change Operator Weighting) and MAIRCA (Multi-Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Assessment) to rank the suitability of different RES, including solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy. Findings: The case study results reveal wind energy as the top-ranked alternative, supported by consistent findings across comparative methods such as COPRAS, MABAC, EDAS, and TOPSIS. Sensitivity analysis further confirms the stability of the proposed model under various scenarios. Originality: The originality of this study lies in the integration of T2NN, LOPCOW, and MAIRCA to address the limitations of traditional MCDM approaches in handling uncertainty and imprecision in data. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed framework in providing a robust evaluation of RES, and its value lies in its potential to inform decision-making in the field of sustainable energy solutions.

Evaluation of renewable energy technologies in Colombia: comparative evaluation using TOPSIS and TOPSIS fuzzy metaheuristic models

The study investigates the weighting and hierarchization of renewable energy sources in specific geographical regions of Colombia using the TOPSIS and Diffuse TOPSIS metaheuristic models. 5 regions were analyzed, two of them with different scenarios: Caribbean 1 and 2, Pacific 1 and 2, Andean, Amazonian and Orinoquia. The results reveal significant differences in the evaluation of technologies between the two models. In the Caribbean 1, Diffuse TOPSIS gave a higher score to Solar Photovoltaics, while TOPSIS favored Hydropower. In the Caribbean 2, Solar Photovoltaic obtained similar scores in both models, but Wind was rated better by TOPSIS. In the Pacific Region 1, Biomass and large-scale Hydropower led according to both models. In the Pacific 2, Solar Photovoltaic was better evaluated by TOPSIS, while Wind was preferred by Diffuse TOPSIS. In the Andean Region, large-scale hydroelectric and Solar photovoltaic plants obtained high scores in both models. In the Amazon, Biomass led in both models, although with differences in scores. In Orinoquia, Solar Photovoltaic was rated higher by both models. The relevance of this research lies in its ability to address not only Colombia's immediate energy demands, but also in its ability to establish a solid and replicable methodological framework. The application of metaheuristic methods such as TOPSIS and TOPSIS with fuzzy logic is presented as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional approaches, considering the complexity and uncertainty inherent in the evaluation of renewable energy sources. By achieving a more precise weighting and hierarchization, this study will significantly contribute to strategic decision-making in the implementation of sustainable energy solutions in Colombia, serving as a valuable model for other countries with similar challenges.

Determining the most useful renewable energy alternative for Turkey by combining MAUT and TAOV methods

This study focuses on various Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods developed in the academic literature to facilitate the decision-making process. These methods are primarily aimed at establishing a ranking of alternatives based on specific criteria, with the ultimate goal of determining the most optimal alternative. In this work, we propose a novel integrated MCDM approach that combines the Total Area Based on Orthogonal Vectors (TAOV) method with the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) method. Within this framework, criteria weights are determined using the MAUT method, while the TAOV method is employed to ascertain the ranking of alternatives. The primary objective of this approach is to identify the most suitable renewable energy resource for the context of Turkey. Based on a comprehensive review of relevant literature regarding the evaluation of renewable energy sources in Turkey, a set of critical criteria influencing the decision-making process is delineated. These criteria encompass a range of factors including efficiency, construction duration, cost, government incentives, economic lifespan, external dependence, employment opportunities, social acceptance, spatial requirements, and environmental considerations such as greenhouse gas emissions. The outcomes of this study reveal that, according to the proposed approach, the most beneficial renewable energy resources for Turkey are ranked as follows: hydroelectric, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy sources, respectively.

Performance evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources based grid connected system considering Unified Power Flow Controller

The quality of power is a major concern for the utilities and the power industries. Since the 1980’s, the term power quality has become a very prevalent one. There are various factors that affect the power quality, such as sag, swell, and power factor variation. The main cause of these issues is the use of non-linear loads. In a RES based grid-connected system, harmonics variation is one of the main issues that can affect the quality of power. Hence to address this in this paper Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is proposed for the grid connected system. Many papers were proposed with the various FACTS devices but the performance of the proposed system exhibits a better one. In this paper application of UPFC is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink on test cases of wind-based grid connected system and PV based grid connected system. The performance of the proposed UPFC is compared with conventional Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In all the cases the proposed UPFC exhibits the improved performance. This ensures the reduction in the harmonics in the power system in future.

Prioritized Aggregation Operators of GTHFNs MADM Approach for the Evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources

In this paper, firstly, we propose two new GTHFNs-prioritized aggregation operators called generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy number prioritized weighted average operator and generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy number prioritized weighted geometric operator. Secondly, we investigate the fundamental properties of the operators in detail such as idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity. Thirdly, we propose a method based on the developed GTHF-numbers prioritized aggregation operators for solving an MADM problem with GTHF-numbers. Fourthly, we give a numerical example of the developed method. Finally, a comparative analysis is given with some existing methods in solving an MADM problem with GTHF-numbers.

Electronic prototype for data collection in situ at the facilities of the Universidad Tecnológica de Altamira

Evaluation of renewable energy sources requires detailed and accurate information, as well as the analysis of natural parameters to discover and leverage new energy sources. This information is obtained through electronic devices. These parameters are crucial for developing policies and strategies, and for using and leveraging sustainable or clean energies. With the aim of collecting real-time weather data, a prototype weather station has been created. This prototype uses the ESP32 Nodemcu card and features Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functions to transmit data to MathWorks' "ThingSpeak" platform. In addition, various sensors have been incorporated to measure different climatic parameters, such as ambient temperature (DS18B20 sensor), humidity percentage (DHT22 sensor), barometric pressure (BMP180) and wind speed (anemometer based on a Hall effect sensor). The data collected can be analyzed with the main goa of gaining an accurate understanding of the climate in a specific region. Therefore, this prototype weather station provides a useful solution for obtaining real-time data on weather conditions.

Towards sustainable shale oil recovery in Jordan: An evaluation of renewable energy sources for in-situ extraction

Oil shale (OS) can significantly enhance energy security and diversify the energy mix in countries like Jordan. However, OS extraction and utilization are always associated with negative environmental impacts. This paper investigates a novel approach of using renewable energy to further retort the OS to produce oil. In this study, Al-Lajjun and Sultani OS resources in Jordan were analyzed using a mathematical model and simulation analysis using the system advisor model (SAM) software. The study aimed for in-situ shale oil extraction from a vast shale oil reserve in Jordan, with a focus on mitigating energy usage and environmental issues. The study suggested utilizing recovered heat from the production stream along with an external source, which may include natural gas, solar thermal energy, or a combination of both, to produce the substantial amount of heat energy necessary for in situ pyrolysis of OS. The study designed five different plants using the SAM program: gas steam boiler (GB), photovoltaic (PV) with batteries, parabolic trough with thermal energy storage (TES), PV integrated with GB, and parabolic trough coupled with GB. The economic analysis, project recovery, and environmental evaluation were conducted, and the results showed that drilling wells in the Sultani area was more expensive than in the Al-Lajjun area due to the thickness of overburden. The PV with GB was the most economically advantageous option, with a total cost of $79.4 M for Al-Lajjun and $89.89 M for Sultani. However, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for Al-Lajjun and Sultani are 10.41 and 9.18 ¢ per kWh, respectively. Conversely, PV systems with batteries and the parabolic trough with TES demonstrated a higher level of environmental friendliness compared to other shale oil recovery systems. Among these, the systems incorporating PV with GB and parabolic trough with GB, both featuring an SF of 30%, consistently demonstrate CO2 emissions of 0.016 kg CO2 per kg of shale oil produced. In contrast, the system solely reliant on GB without any solar contribution, holding a 0% SF, exhibited elevated CO2 emissions of 0.023 kg CO2 per kg of shale oil produced. The study recommends the use of PV with GB as the most economically viable option, while PV with batteries is the more eco-friendly choice for extracting shale oil from the Al-Lajjun and Sultani OS reserves located in Jordan. The study outcomes can be useful for policymakers and investors interested in developing the shale oil industry in Jordan. However, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term environmental impact and sustainability of the proposed method.

Renewable Energy Literature in Turkey: Mapping Analysis of the Field and Future Study Suggestions on Overlooked Issues

The fact that the fossil-based energy sources used until today are in danger of being depleted very shortly, the rapid increase in energy prices in the world, and the environmental problems that emerged, made it necessary for all humanity and our country to turn to renewable clean energy sources. Studies aiming to encourage and facilitate the transition of producers and consumers to renewable energy sources have made significant contributions to the literature. In this study, published articles on renewable energy sources in Turkey were analysed and academic studies on the subject were systematically organized with a holistic perspective. The bibliometric and thematic analysis of 7161 studies on renewable energy resources and 603 studies, in which the evaluation of renewable energy sources from a social standpoint is conducted and published in the Web of Science database from Turkey reveals the citation network of international and national co-authors. The thematic analysis makes it possible to draw attention to overlooked issues by allowing us to identify the focus of academic activities on renewable energy sources. Therefore, the results of the study can provide an interdisciplinary and research-oriented perspective on renewable energy sources. Focusing on green energy from a social perspective can be beneficial in terms of increasing awareness and accelerating the adoption process.

Gaussian IT2FSs-based prospect theory method with application to the evaluation of renewable energy sources

Finding the optimal Renewable Energy Source (RES) is extremely important in order to achieve sustainable development. However, there still are three critical issues that have not been satisfactorily addressed. First, the criteria used to evaluate RESs have not been well organized. Second, uncertainty related to the different meanings of linguistic terms is not taken into account in RES evaluation. Third, the bounded rationality of decision makers is largely ignored in the state of the art of RES evaluation. To overcome the above problems and provide a more systematic and clearer framework for evaluating RESs, this paper introduces different innovations in relation to the following: (1) Construct a new index system based on a comprehensive review of the following four aspects: economy, environment, society and technology. (2) Employ Gaussian IT2FSs to model linguistic terms and define a new entropy model to calculate the criteria weights with Gaussian IT2FSs information. (3) Propose a new distance model to measure the distance between Gaussian IT2FSs, which can simultaneously avoid information loss and improve computational efficiency. (4) Introduce a comprehensive method combining Gaussian IT2FSs and prospect theory to describe the bounded rationality of decision makers. The proposed method is demonstrated by an illustrative case of RES evaluation in Anhui, China, and its feasibility together with a parameter analysis and discussion are conducted to show the influence of parameters on the results and the advantages of the proposed method.

Methods for Financial Assessment of Renewable Energy Projects: A Review

The financial evaluation of renewable energy sources (RES) projects is well explored in the literature, but many different methods have been followed by different authors. Then, it is important to understand if and how these methods have been changing and what factors may have driven new approaches. Therefore, this article aims to explore the publications on the financial evaluation of RES projects from 2011 to 2020 and to present a critical analysis of the reviewed literature. The methods for evaluating RES projects were grouped into four categories: (i) traditional metrics based on net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period; (ii) levelized cost of electricity; (iii) return on investment approach; and (iv) real options analysis. A quantitative analysis was carried out considering aspects related to the relevance of the authors, productivity by country, and the most relevant journals for each of these groups. Then, a qualitative analysis of the main characteristics of the five most cited articles in each group was conducted. The results show that the more traditional methods are still widely used for the financial evaluation of RES projects. However, approaches based on the levelized cost and real options have been growing in importance to tackle the complex features of financial evaluation and comparison of RES projects.

Evaluation of renewable energy sources in China using an interval type-2 fuzzy large-scale group risk evaluation method

As one of the most effective ways to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution, the renewable energy sources (RESs) have received increasing attention. Different RESs enjoy different characteristics and are suitable for different scenarios, thus it is essential to evaluate them before installation. Due to the increasing complexity of reality, the RESs evaluation usually involves various risks and large-scale group decision makers. To manage these risks and decision makers, this paper proposes an interval type-2 fuzzy large-scale group risk evaluation method. First, the interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are employed to encode the qualitative information provided by the decision makers. Then, a new clustering approach integrating consensus reaching model and risk measurement model is developed to manage the decision makers and enhance the evaluation efficiency. After the clustering process, the selection procedure is activated and an interval type-2 fuzzy centroid-based ranking method is presented to rank the candidate RESs. Finally, a case study in China is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and comparisons are also made to verify the advantages.

Regional evaluation of renewable energy sources in Turkey by new integrated AHP-MARCOS methodology: a real application

ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to determine the regional priorities of renewable energy sources in Turkey. Unlike the literature, renewable energy sources were selected on a regional basis. While criteria weights were obtained by the AHP method, the alternative ranking was found for each region by the MARCOS method. While investment cost was determined as the most important criterion, it was determined as a result of the application of the MARCOS method that the energy sources that should be preferred firstly were hydro energy sources in Eastern Anatolia, Mediterranean, Southeastern Anatolia and Black Sea Region, wind energy sources in Marmara and Aegean Region, and solar energy sources in Central Anatolia Region.

Evaluation of renewable energy sources in TR83 region by CRITIC based grey relational analysis approach

Evaluation of renewable energy sources in TR83 region by CRITIC based grey relational analysis approach

Prioritization of renewable energy sources using multi-experts Pythagorean fuzzy WASPAS

Effective utilization of renewable energy sources is an essential component of countries’ sustainable development strategies. A thorough evaluation of renewable energy alternatives is required to assure maximum exploitation of resources. The evaluation of renewable energy sources is a complicated problem since many criteria, even some of them are conflicting, must be taken into account simultaneously. Pythagorean fuzzy sets are better able to reflect uncertainty and vagueness in an assessment process by providing a greater domain for decision makers to describe their opinions. Therefore, this study aims at prioritizing renewable energy alternatives by employing interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy WASPAS method. The obtained results are compared to the results of intuitionistic type-2 fuzzy WASPAS, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy WASPAS and crisp WASPAS methods. Biomass is selected to be the best renewable energy alternative for Central Anatolia Region of Turkey.

Scientific Decision Framework for Evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources under Q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set with Partially Known Weight Information

As an attractive generalization of the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS), q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) provides the decision makers (DMs) with a wide window for preference elicitation. Previous studies on q-ROFS indicate that there is an urge for a decision framework which can make use of the available information in a proper manner for making rational decisions. Motivated by the superiority of q-ROFS, in this paper, a new decision framework is proposed, which provides scientific methods for multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). Initially, a programming model is developed for calculating weights of attributes with the help of partially known information. Later, another programming model is developed for determining the weights of DMs with the help of partially known information. Preferences from different DMs are aggregated rationally by using the weights of DMs and extending generalized Maclaurin symmetric mean (GMSM) operator to q-ROFS, which can properly capture the interrelationship among attributes. Further, complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method is extended to q-ROFS for prioritization of objects by using attributes’ weight vector and aggregated preference matrix. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated by using a renewable energy source prioritization problem from an Indian perspective. Finally, the superiorities and weaknesses of the framework are discussed in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.

Technical and economic evaluation of power quality performance using FACTS devices considering renewable generations

Renewable energy is investigated as a solution for environmental pollution and mitigating energy tension. Overall, there are two basic subjects in technical and economic evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) including lack of a general indicator for multi-criteria assessment and difficult to quantify analysis indicators. In this paper, an analytical approach for assessing the technical and economic performance of Power Quality (PQ) changes strategy using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices is presented. In addition, an optimisation-based power quality change method for delivering differentiated power quality in grids integrated with renewable generations is proposed. The suggested method is based on the evaluation of financial losses due to several critical power quality phenomena, the cost of different mitigation solutions, and the payback owing to the adoption of particular solution. Furthermore, this accounts for different customers’ requirements and provides differentiated levels of power quality across the grid. In order to verify the functionality of the suggested method, effectiveness of proposed model is applied to the IEEE 118-bus test case, and compared with achieved outcomes. The simulation results present both the financial and technical benefits of the optimal mitigation plan. The developed assessment model could provide a reference for investment decision making and subsidy policy optimizing.

An integrated grey based multi-criteria decision making approach for the evaluation of renewable energy sources

Renewable energy sources are important alternatives that should be considered in forming energy portfolio of countries. Countries need to carefully plan and select the most appropriate energy sources to be able to sustain their social and economic development. This study presents a grey based multi-criteria decision model for the evaluation of renewable energy sources which integrates three multi-criteria decision making methods that are Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, Analytic Network Process and multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution (Serbian name: VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods. Grey Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method is used to for revealing the relations among the evaluation criteria. The result of the grey Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory is then used for constructing the network structure of the Analytic Network Process. The importance or weights of the evaluation criteria are calculated with grey Analytic Network Process based on the experts' assessments. Finally, evaluation and ranking of the renewable energy sources are performed by using the proposed grey multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution method. The effectiveness and the applicability of the developed approach are presented with a case study.

Evaluation of Economic, Energy-environmental and Sociological Effects of Substituting Non-renewable Energy with Renewable Energy Sources

In this article, to assess the use of renewable energy sources, the method of social efficiency of substituting non-renewable fuels with renewable energy sources was used. Social efficiency means the difference of energy-environmental, economic or sociological effects connected with producing the same amount of usable product in conditions of applying reference fuel and renewable substitute energy source. The amount of useful product should equal the use of one substitute energy unit. The proposed method constitutes a generalization of the existing method of economic effect evaluation on the basis of the Economic Efficiency of Energy Substitution indicators (EEES). Furthermore, the relations of calculations which enable defining dimensionless indexes for the effects of interest and method of standardization of the social efficiency index were described. The procedure is applied for the evaluation of renewable energy sources (solar energy in solar collectors, boilers powered by biofuels and heat pumps using geothermal energy) to prepare hot tap water.

An extension of compromise ranking method with interval numbers for the evaluation of renewable energy sources

Article history: Received December 2, 2013 Accepted February 20, 2014 Available online May 21 2014 Evaluating and prioritizing appropriate renewable energy sources is inevitably a complex decision process. Various information and conflicting attributes should be taken into account. For this purpose, multi-attribute decision making (MADM) methods can assist managers or decision makers in formulating renewable energy sources priorities by considering important objective and attributes. In this paper, a new extension of compromise ranking method with interval numbers is presented for the prioritization of renewable energy sources that is based on the performance similarity of alternatives to ideal solutions. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed decision method, an application example is provided and the computational results are analyzed. Results illustrate that the presented method is viable in solving the evaluation and prioritization problem of renewable energy sources. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Renewable Energy Sources for Generating Electricity in Province of Yazd: A Fuzzy Mcdm Approach

Iran with considerable amount of oil and gas resources is one of the exporters of primary energy. However, during the past th ree decades, due to the ongoing process of social and economical developments, revising the present strategy of utilizing energy resources in the country is largely met through imports. Iran is potentially one of the best regions for utilization of most alternative sources of renewable energies. The aim of this study is to propose a Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach (FMCDM) in order to evaluate 4 alternative renewable energies (solar, geothermal, hydropower and wind energies) in Yazd province in Iran. Two FMCDM methods are proposed for this problem: Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to determine the relative weights of the evaluation criteria and the extension of the Fuzzy TOPSIS is applied to rank the alternatives. Results indicate that solar energy is the most appropriate renewable energy source for the studied area.