Evaluation Of Overweight Research Articles

Reference Curves of Selected Circumferential Parameters for Czech Children Aged 6 to 11 Years.

(1) Background/objective: the globally discussed current issue is the increasing body weight of the population. This trend is observed in all age categories. Pediatricians and anthropologists use BMI percentile curves to determine the optimal body weight of children, based on which the child is categorized in the category of underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. Medical or anthropological examinations also use some methods to determine the amount of body fat. In addition to evaluating amounts of body fat, it is important to assess its distribution. The distribution of fat in the body, especially in terms of disproportionate distribution, is a risk factor for health complications, especially in terms of metabolic and health risk. Part of monitoring children’s growth is also measuring and evaluating circumferential parameters, such as abdominal circumference, gluteal circumference, and waist circumference. This study aimed to define age- and gender-specific reference curves for waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AbC), and gluteal circumference (GC) in Czech children. (2) Methods: data on children’s circumferential parameters were collected via anthropometric measurements. The research sample consisted of 2093 children aged 6–11 years (boys, n = 1008; girls, n = 1085). Only children with parental informed consent were included. The statistical analysis was performed separately by age and gender using SPSS v. 22. Anthropometric data were summarized by mean and standard deviation. The percentile curves of WC, AbC, and GC were calculated (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P97) in R 3.4.2 software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) using the gamlss package. (3) Results and conclusions: the study developed age- and gender-specific percentile curves of WC, AbC, and GC for Czech children aged 6–11 years. All parameters increased with age in both boys and girls. Generally, the boys had higher WC and AbC than did girls, but girls had higher GC than did boys. Female and male median WC percentiles (M) increased from the age of 6. Both girls’ and boys’ median percentiles showed a continuous increase. We found similar trends in the median GC and AbC percentile curves. All percentile curves showed similar trends in both sexes, but the 90th and 97th WC percentiles in boys were exceptions: from the age of 10, they exceeded the values of girls, reaching their peak at the age of 11 followed by a decrease in the case of the 97th percentile and a plateau in the case of the 90th percentile. This study serves as a reference to enrich the methods of evaluation of somatic and medical status in Czech children. Up–to–date percentile curves would be a practical addition to the BMI percentiles for the screening and evaluation of overweight and obese conditions and the related risks of abdominal obesity in the pediatric population.

OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETICS AT THE PROVINCIAL REFERENCE CENTER FOR DIABETES

Introduction: Diabetes is defined as a disorder in the assimilation, use and storage of sugars provided by food, its management is ensured by monitoring overweight and obesity and regular glycemic control. 
 Methods: The study took place over a period of one year from January to December 2015.The evaluation of overweight and obesity was carried out by calculating the Body Mass Index, weight and height were measured according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), Glycemic control was performed by blood analysis of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose. 
 Results: The age range of patients is between 8 months and 80 years, with a dominance of diabetics from urban areas (74%) compared to those from rural areas (26%). Overweight affects all of this population. The average BMI of women tends towards obesity (IMC?30): (29.21 Kg / m 2 ± 3.1) for gestational diabetes and (29.15 Kg / m 2± 3.2) for type 2 diabetes. The glycemic control values are above the norms. The difference between the values of glycosylated hemoglobin between men (8.5 7% ± 2.6) and women (8.1% ± 2.3) is not significant (P> 0.05)
 Conclusion:All diabetics have BMI and glycemic control values above the norms. In-depth research is needed on these diabetics in order to establish an urgent program of remediation.
 Keywords: Diabetes, prevalence, BMI, overweight, Glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar

COVID-19, hypertension, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors: Much ado about nothing or real problem to be solved?

COVID-19, hypertension, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors: Much ado about nothing or real problem to be solved?

BMI INDEX AND LEVEL OF DIFFERENT MOTORITY CHILDREN AND YOUTH KIELCE

The Aim: Evaluation of relationships between the level of various motor skills of Kielce children and adolescents and their relative body mass. Material and methods. The research covered 1737 Kielce girls and boys aged 7-16. In the assessment of the BMI index, the Cole classification was taken into account, which is an international standard of the International Obesity Task Force, enabling the evaluation of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. In the assessment of various motor skills, the tests included in the International Physical Fitness Test were taken into account, namely: long jump from the place, 4x10m swing course, sit down from the back in 30 seconds, run on 50m, right hand grip, torso slope forward. In the statistical calculations, the analysis of variance (ANNOVA) and the NIR test were used.Results. BMI in the Cole classification is a factor strongly differentiating the level of motor skills of girls and boys. It has been observed that overweight and obesity are factors strongly disturbing the motoric efficiency of children and adolescents, causing a decrease in the level of various motor skills (except for flexibility in girls and handshake in both genders).Conclusions. Correct BMI values are associated with better results in different fitness tests, assessing the level of both fitness and adjustment capacities, which demonstrate greater potential for achieving biological potential, both boys and girls.

A Systematic Search and Review of Adult-Targeted Overweight and Obesity Prevention Mass Media Campaigns and Their Evaluation: 2000–2017

Mass media campaigns are a commonly used strategy in public health. However, no review has assessed whether the design and evaluation of overweight and obesity campaigns meets best practice recommendations. This study aimed to fill this gap. We systematically searched five databases for peer-reviewed articles describing adult-targeted obesity mass media campaigns published between 2000 and 2017, complemented by reference list searches and contact with authors and agencies responsible for the campaigns. We extracted data on campaign design, implementation, and evaluation from eligible publications and conducted a qualitative review of 29 publications reporting on 14 campaigns. We found a need for formative research with target audiences to ensure campaigns focus on the most salient issues. Further, we noted that most campaigns targeted individual behaviors, despite calls for campaigns to also focus upstream and to address social determinants of obesity. Television was the dominant communication channel but, with the rapid advance of digital media, evaluation of other channels, such as social media, is increasingly important. Finally, although evaluation methods varied in quality, the evidence suggests that campaigns can have an impact on intermediate outcomes, such as knowledge and attitudes. However, evidence is still limited as to whether campaigns can influence behavior change.

Laboratory screening in overweight/obese adolescents: do the results change the management?

Due to the growth of the epidemic of obesity and the association of obesity with both short-term and long-term medical complications, many professional organizations have recommended performing laboratory testing as part of the initial evaluation of overweight and obese children and adolescents. We report on the results of laboratory testing performed on 110 patients (mean age 14.0 years, range 8-20 years) referred to our weight management program between 2011 and 2013. Our results showed mild abnormalities in levels of cholesterol, glucose, liver enzymes, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in fewer than 5% of patients for each test and no changes in management based on these results for any of the patients. We call for re-consideration of the recommendations for laboratory testing in children and adolescents being evaluated and treated for overweight and obesity.

Evaluation of overweight and obesity in Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) worker

Obesity now affects people from all walks of life, including those who work in the field of medical aid provision on a daily basis. So far, there has been no research assessing the nutrition status of Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) crews. To evaluate the degree to which overweight and obesity prevail among Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Air Ambulances (HEMS LPR) crew members, and determine the overall excess body fat and fatty tissue distribution in the subjects. In order to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in HEMS crew members, the following anthropometric measurements were used: height, body mass, waist and hip circumferences. Assessment of their nutritional status was made by using some generally used indicators, i.e. calculating the subjects' BMI, WHR and WHtR. Pilots were older than the paramedics in a statistically significant way. On the basis of using the BMI indicator, it was shown that only 36% of HEMS crew members had normal body weight. Analysis of the percentage of body fat determined that 61.5% of the paramedics and 39.4% of the pilots had normal weight. 26.2% paramedics and 28.8% pilots were diagnosed as overweight. Obesity characterised 12.3% of paramedics and 31.8% of pilots. The above were statistically significant differences (p= 0.0117). Waist circumference exceeded 102 cm in 25.9% of the subjects and WHR>1 characterised 20.6% of those examined. Analysis of the results obtained revealed that an alarmingly high percentage of crew members suffer from excessive body mass and fat, particularly in the group of pilots. Immediate action should be taken in order to reduce the body mass and introduce preventive measures among the subjects.

Change in reference body mass index percentiles and deviation in overweight and obesity over 3 years in Turkish children and adolescents.

This aim of this study was to update information on body mass index (BMI) references and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey, and to compare our data with previous local and international data. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Turkish school-age children living in Kayseri, Turkey in 2008. BMI references were calculated and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined. Growth curves were produced and compared with concomitant (4 years ago) local and international data. A total of 4241 children (2339 girls and 1902 boys) aged 6-18 years were included. The 5th and 50th percentiles of boys in the current study were approximately 0.8-1.2 units lower than those reported previously. The 95th percentile in our study was higher than those found in previous studies. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was found to be higher in the current study when compared with a previous study (3.9%-4.5% and 15.4%-18.0%, respectively). In the current study, obesity was found to be increased in boys (4.8%-5.4%) but decreased in girls (4.8%-3.5%) when compared with a previous study. We found that our BMI references were significantly higher until 15-16 years of age for the 85th and 95th percentiles compared with World Health Organization standards. This study provides information on updated BMI references and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity should be screened in short periods. In the evaluation of overweight and obesity, international standards and local references should be evaluated together.

Mid-upper-arm Circumference and Arm-to-height Ratio in Evaluation of Overweight and Obesity in Han Children

The purposes of this study were: (1) to analyze whether mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) could be used to determine overweight and obese children and to propose the optimal cutoffs of MUAC in Han children aged 7-12 years; and (2) to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the arm-to-height ratio (AHtR) and propose the optimal cutoffs of AHtR for identifying overweight and obesity. In 2011, anthropometric measurements were assessed in a cross-sectional, population-based study of 2847 Han children aged 7-12 years. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the 2004 Group of China Obesity Task Force definition. The AHtR was calculated as arm circumference/height. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of MUAC and AHtR as diagnostic tests for elevated body mass index (BMI; defined as BMI≥85(th) percentiles). The accuracy levels of MUAC for identifying elevated BMI [as assessed by area underthe curve (AUC)] were over 0.85 (AUC: approximately 0.934-0.975) in both gendersand across all age groups. The MUAC cutoff values for elevated BMI were calculated to be approximately 18.9-23.4cm in boys and girls. The accuracy levels of AHtR for identifyingelevated BMI (as assessed by AUC) were also over 0.85 (AUC: 0.956 in boys and 0.935 in girls). The AHtR cutoff values for elevated BMI were calculated to be 0.15 in boys and girls. This study demonstrates that MUAC and AHtR are simple, inexpensive, and accurate measurements that may be used to identify overweight and obese Han children. Compared with MUAC, AHtR is a nonage-dependent index with higher applicability to screen for overweight and obese children.

Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis, body mass index and waist circumference in evaluating growth and development of children

Objective To compare body mass index(BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) and waist circumference(WC) for the assessment of the growth and development of the children, and to explore the accuracy of BIA and WC for the assessment of the growth and development of the children. Methods Children were surveyed in Department of Child Health Care of Nanjing Children's Hospital from Aug.2011 to Aug.2012.BIA was used to measure body fat, skeletal muscles and bone minerals of these children, and WC was measured by meterstick.According to BMI and body fat parameters, the study subjects were classified into lower weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups.According to the WC, the subjects were divided into the normal group and the abnormal group. Results There were 2313 children in this survey, 1528 boys of them, median age 7.7 years old(ranged from 3.0 to 16.8 years old), and 785 girls of all the children, median age 7.2 years old(ranged from 3.0 to 17.5 years old). Bone mineral content of skeletal muscles increased with age in boys and girls(P<0.001). According to BMI, there were 484(20.9%) obese children and 266(11.5%) lower weight children; according to the BIA, there were 663(28.7%) obese children and 481(20.8%) lower weight children; according to the WC, there were 597(25.8%)abnormal children.The sensitivity and specificity of WC and BIA were both higher in the evaluation of overweight and obesity status.When overweight and obesity were analyzed by BIA as well as WC, girls showed a higher specificity, while the boys showed a higher sensitivity.The sensitivity of BMI was higher than BIA in evaluating weight loss. Conclusions BIA as a commonly used indicator is reliable for population census, and it is more desirable if the measurement of WC is done at the same time.The high sensitivity of BIA makes it more suitable for screening overweight and obesity of children. Key words: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Body mass index; Waist circumference; Child

Nutritional and Psychosocial Correlates of Overweight and Obese Community Dwelling Older Adults

Participants will recognize the importance of psycho-social and physiological assessments in addition to nutritional assessment in the evaluation of overweight and obesity in older adults for weight management in community-dwelling elderly.

Relevance of Lifestyle and Attitudinal Factors to Spine Surgery Outcomes: Empirical Results on a Heterogeneous Sample

Background Context: Patient demographic and medical indicators influence the well-being of spine surgery patients. It may, however, be worthwhile to evaluate other lifestyle and attitudinal factors. We hypothesized that such factors would explain at least as much variance in outcome as more commonly considered covariates. Purpose: To compare explained variance in outcome of lifestyle and attitudinal factors as compared to standard demographic and medical covariates. Study Design/Setting: Cross-sectional observational study of patients drawn from an active clinic and internet-based support group. Patient Sample: A heterogeneous sample of 376 patients was recruited, comprised of people with diagnoses of cervical (n = 80), lumbar (n = 228), and scoliosis (n = 68) spine disorders. Outcome Measures: Quality of Life (QOL) outcomes were measured using the Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index, Rand-36, PROMIS Pain Impact, NRS Back and Leg Pain, Scoliosis Research Society-22r, and Global Health. Methods: This study compared explained variance in QOL outcomes in demographic and medical versus lifestyle and attitudinal factors. Demographic and medical factors included age, gender, body mass index, and co-morbidities. Lifestyle factors included exercise and commuting practice. Attitudinal factors related to social connectedness: giving and receiving emotional support, feeling overwhelmed by others’ needs, helping orientation, and general helping behaviors. Regression analyses estimated explained variance. Patient groups differed in most factors evaluated, so the regression analyses were computed separately by group. R2 statistics were characterized as null, small (0.02), medium (0.15), and large (0.35) effect sizes (ES), and proportions were compared for the medical/demographic versus lifestyle/attitudinal factors by group. Results: Similar proportions of variance were explained by demographic/medical and lifestyle/attitudinal covariates across groups, with half of effect sizes being small in magnitude and 6% being medium. Lumbar patients tended to have more small effect sizes among lifestyle and attitudinal covariates than among medical/demographic covariates (z = – 1.29, p < 0.10). Similar patterns were found for both generic and disease-specific outcomes. Conclusions: Spine surgery outcome research should investigate lifestyle and attitudinal factors to enhance the personal and salutogenic relevance of the research. Time spent commuting, exercise practice, and social connectedness appear to be relevant factors. A pre-operative evaluation of overweight and smoking status, limited social connectedness, and long daily commutes could alert the surgeon to delay or avoid performing procedures on these patients to avoid poor outcomes.

Incidence of Hemorrhagic Complications from Thrombolytic Therapy: Evaluation of Overweight and Obese Patients with Below-normal and Normal-weight Patients Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

Incidence of Hemorrhagic Complications from Thrombolytic Therapy: Evaluation of Overweight and Obese Patients with Below-normal and Normal-weight Patients Following Acute Myocardial Infarction