Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Research Articles

Mechanical Properties Evaluation Based on the Variable Gradient of Body-Centered-Cubic-Based Lattice Structure Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Mechanical Properties Evaluation Based on the Variable Gradient of Body-Centered-Cubic-Based Lattice Structure Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Evaluation of Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of LSR Composite Under Thermal Aging

Evaluation of Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of LSR Composite Under Thermal Aging

Microstructural and mechanical properties evaluation of Calcium and zinc-modified WE43-based nanocomposites through stir casting for biodegradable applications

Magnesium-based alloys and composites have potential as biodegradable materials due to their moderate biodegradability, biocompatibility, and usefulness, but their mechanical strength limits their clinical use. The study synthesised a WE43-based alloy with calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), then reinforced it with nano reinforcements (hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, graphene, and bioglass) through stir casting to create four nanocomposites. The microstructural and mechanical properties were examined to assess Ca and Zn's influence and determine the most effective reinforcement. The result showed that Ca and Zn-modified alloys and all nanocomposite materials have two additional phases, LPSO and Ca2Mg6Zn3, compared to the monolithic WE43 alloy. With the addition of Ca and Zn, S-2 saw significant increases in ultimate tensile strength (UTS), tensile yield strength (TYS), and uniform elongation (U.El), reaching ∼246 MPa, ∼144 MPa, and ∼8 %, respectively, while maintaining an elastic modulus of ∼19 GPa. This resulted in improvements of ∼29 %, ∼25 %, and ∼9 % compared to the as-cast WE43. Graphene-reinforced S-4 demonstrated superior mechanical properties with a UTS of 294 MPa, TYS of 194 MPa, U.El of ∼8 %, and an elastic modulus of 24 GPa, representing increases of ∼52 %, ∼69 %, and 6.05 %, respectively, compared to as-cast WE43. Additionally, S-4 exhibited impressive compressive properties, with an ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of 370 MPa, a compressive yield strength (CYS) of ∼185 MPa, and an U.El of ∼26 %. The bioglass-reinforced nanocomposites had a maximum hardness of 74.8 HV, whereas the as-cast WE43 had a maximum toughness of ∼4 J. These enhancements in mechanical properties are attributed to strengthening processes, including thermal mismatch, orowan, and grain refinement mechanisms. Graphene reinforcement shows promise for biodegradable applications.

Enabling electrical response through piezoelectric particle integration in AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP technology

In the field of structural engineering, the integration of smart materials and structural health monitoring (SHM) has given rise to self-sensing materials (SSM), leading to a paradigm shift in SHM. This paper focuses on the interplay between self-sensing capabilities and the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BT) in aluminium components. Leveraging Friction Stir Processing (FSP), the study explores the synthesis and performance of SSMs with embedded piezoelectric particles, potentially transforming structural engineering. The paper highlights FSP as a key methodology for incorporating piezoelectric particles into structural materials, showcasing its potential in developing SSMs with enhanced functionalities. A specific focus is placed on integrating PZT and BT particles into AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP, with metallographic assessments and mechanical property evaluations conducted to analyse particle distribution and concentration. This study shows how BT and PZT particles are incorporated into AA2017-T451 aluminium to create a SSM that responds to external stimuli. Under cyclic loading, the SSMs exhibit a linear load-electrical response correlation, with sensibility increasing at lower frequencies. Metallographic analysis shows homogeneous particle distribution, while PZT induces increased brittleness and brittle fractures. Yield strength remains relatively stable, but ultimate strength decreases post-FSP. Hardness variations indicate weaker bonding with PZT particles. Eddy’scurrent testing aligns with hardness profiles, and sensorial characterization reveals a non-linear frequency-sensibility relationship, showcasing the SSMs’ suitability for low-frequency applications, particularly with PZT embedment.

Bambusa balcooa bamboo-reinforced concrete beams: experimental and FEM investigation for energy-efficient pavement construction.

This study explores the viability of using Bambusa bambos, sourced from Madhya Pradesh, India, as a reinforcement material in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) construction, aiming to assess its potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional steel reinforcement. The research encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of physical and mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, and bending strengths, and a detailed microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Bambusa bambos. The study involved finite element analyses that modeled bamboo-reinforced concrete (BRC) beams, exploring the impact of horizontal and vertical placements of bamboo strips on flexural behavior under bending loads. The analysis aided in observing compressive and tensile stresses generated in concrete and bamboo, with specific FEA results indicating that beams with vertically aligned bamboo strips in both the compression (compressive stress of 16.90MPa for beam B1) and tension zones (tensile stress of 7.22MPa for beam B1) withstand flexural stresses effectively. Additionally, the multi-criteria decision-making approach using the TOPSIS method to rank different beam designs. Key findings obtained from FEA indicate that the vertical alignment of bamboo strips in both the compression and tension zones of the beams is optimally effective in handling flexural stresses.

A spin-polarized DFT analysis of the physical attributes of vacancy ordered Rb2TcCl6 double perovskite for optoelectronic and spintronics

Due to their versatile properties, vacancy-ordered double perovskites offer a wide range of potential uses due to their versatile properties. We have thoroughly examined the physical characteristics of vacancy-ordered Rb2TcCl6 in its cubic phase by employing the spin-polarized computations. The ground state energy and optimum structural parameters are obtained in order to assess the structural stability, which is further validated using the tolerance factor and formation energy values. The ductile character of Rb2TcCl6 is revealed by a comprehensive evaluation of mechanical properties. Vickers hardness factor suggests that Rb2TcCl6 can withstand against pressure-induced disturbance more strongly. A direct bandgap for spin-up is measured up to 2.33 eV, while for spin-dn it is 2.02 eV. According to the magnetic moments of 2.69 μB, Rb2TcCl6 is an attractive material for spintronic devices. A number of optical parameters are determined. For optoelectronic applications, Rb2TcCl6 is an excellent choice due to its strong polarization in the visible and ultraviolet regions, as shown by its optical characteristics.

Microstructure, mechanical, and wear properties evaluation of Al-Cu based composite using RHA as reinforcement

ABSTRACT This study utilised a two-step stir-cast technique to fabricate Aluminium-based composites reinforced with 5% wt Copper (Cu) and varying weight percentages (1–4% wt) of Rice husk ash (RHA). Our work investigated the role of RHA reinforcement on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear characteristics of AlCuRHA composite. Characterisation of the composites and fracture surfaces was performed utilising SEM. The hardness and tensile properties were evaluated. Wear was conducted on the composites in dry and wet conditions using H2SO4 as the medium. The microstructure revealed the homogeneous distribution of the RHA within the AlCu matrix. The hardness of reinforced AlCu is enhanced from 54.24 Hv to 122.74 Hv with an increment of RHA reinforcement from 0 to 4%. The Ultimate tensile (UTS) and specific strengths were noted to increase with increased RHA content from 1 to 4% wt. The ductility levels were reduced with the increase in RHA content. The RHA-reinforced AlCu composite exhibits mixed ductile and brittle fracture modes. The composites with RHA exhibited greater wear resistance. Compared to the dry condition, the composites exhibited improved wear resistance in the acidic environment. The composite with 4 wt% RHA exhibited the lowest wear rates regardless of the environment.

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium (Al6061)-carbon nanotube (CNT)/coconut shell ash (CSA) composites

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium (Al6061)-carbon nanotube (CNT)/coconut shell ash (CSA) composites

Evaluation of mechanical properties and leaching tests results of mortars containing waste bottom ash as replacement of cement

Evaluation of mechanical properties and leaching tests results of mortars containing waste bottom ash as replacement of cement

In-plane compressive properties and failure mechanisms of gradient Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites in high-temperature environment

The gradient Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites can exert the dual advantages of low-density and excellent heat resistance, but which have the complex mechanical properties due to the inhomogeneous geometry characteristics. The in-plane compressive behavior and failure analysis can examine the material integrity and the effect of inhomogeneous characteristics. The in-plane compressive elastic modulus distribution is expressed mathematically by using the superficial elastic modulus, back elastic modulus, and the gradient pore distribution. The superficial elastic modulus and the gradient pore distribution of the gradient materials were characterized by nanoindentation test and Micro-CT statistics. The back of the gradient materials is the porosity needled C/C composites without introducing ZrB2–SiC matrix, whose elastic modulus can be referenced from our previous work. The in-plane compressive experiments of the gradient materials in the high-temperature environment were also conducted to study the failure mechanisms. The strength of the gradient materials is further revealed by the temperature-dependent properties of carbon fibers and thermal residual stress release. The results indicate the gradient structure can effectively eliminate the delamination damage, but the high temperature drastically weakens the ability of needled fibers suppressing delamination damage in the high-porosity region of the gradient materials. This study can be helpful to the material design and evaluation of mechanical properties for the gradient Cf/ZrB2–SiC composites.

Mechanical properties of cement pastes containing plasma-treated silicon-based materials

The study delves into the impact of waste silicon-based materials on the mechanical characteristics of the resulting cement pastes. The investigation uses Portland cement CEM I 42.5R in conjunction with silicon-based waste materials sourced from the packaging industry, specifically from Recifa, a.s. Variations between the sample groups arise from differences in the concentration of silicon-based materials and the method of surface treatment. The inquiry seeks to assess the effects of two distinct levels of Si-based material incorporation, namely 10 wt. % and 20 wt. %, along with plasma treatment involving two different gases: oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). The mechanical attributes under scrutiny encompass compressive and flexural strengths. The evaluation of mechanical properties is carried out on samples aged 28 days, with dimensions measuring 20 × 20 × 100 mm.

Evaluation of mechanical and microscopic properties of magnesium phosphate cement-based concrete with different fly ash additions

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) has drawn widespread attention among scholars in recent years due to its excellent properties. However, the issue of preparation cost has consistently hindered its widespread application, and research on MPC-based concrete (MPCC) is relatively few. Therefore, this study considered the incorporation of fly ash (FA), a low-carbon and cost-effective mineral admixture, into MPCC. The research systematically investigated the effects of FA content (5 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 35 %, 45 %) and curing ages (1d, 3d, 28d) on the workability, mechanical properties, microstructure, and pore structure of MPCC. Mathematical models relating the cubic compressive strength (CCS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) to the experimental parameters were also established. The results indicated that as the FA content increased, the fluidity of MPCC first increased and then decreased, while the setting time gradually lengthened. When the FA content exceeded 25 %, the optimization and filling effects on pore diameter began to decline. The porosity of MPCC showed a trend of gradual increase with the increase in FA content, which was manifested as the gradual decrease of CCS and STS at the macroscopic aspect. The microscopic results suggested that FA had a positive effect on filling microcracks and pores in the MPCC matrix. After comprehensively considering the mechanical performance, microstructure, and economic cost of MPCC, it was concluded that the optimal dosage of FA was 20 %. This research contributes to a better understanding of the influence mechanism of FA on MPCC and has certain theoretical significance.

Fabrication and Characterization of Pectin Films Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Buccal Delivery of Fluconazole.

Fluconazole (FZ) is a potential antifungal compound for treating superficial and systemic candidiasis. However, the use of conventional oral drug products has some limitations. The development of buccal film may be a potential alternative to oral formulations for FZ delivery. The present study involved the development of novel FZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FZ-SLNs) in pectin solutions and the investigation of their particle characteristics. The particle sizes of the obtained FZ-SLNs were in the nanoscale range. To produce pectin films with FZ-SLNs, four formulations were selected based on the small particle size of FZ-SLNs and their suitable polydispersity index. The mean particle sizes of all chosen FZ-SLNs formulations did not exceed 131.7 nm, and the mean polydispersity index of each formulation was less than 0.5. The properties of films containing FZ-SLNs were then assessed. The preparation of all FZ-SLN-loaded pectin films provided the mucoadhesive matrices. The evaluation of mechanical properties unveiled the influence of particle size variation in FZ-SLNs on the integrity of the film. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicated that hydrogen bonds could potentially form between the pectin-based matrix and the constituents of FZ-SLNs. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of each pectin film with FZ-SLNs revealed that the formulation was thermally stable and behaved in a solid state at 37 °C. According to a drug release study, a sustained drug release pattern with a burst in the initial stage for all films may be advantageous for reducing the lag period of drug release. All prepared films with FZ-SLNs provided a sustained release of FZ over 6 h. The films containing FZ-SLNs with a small particle size provided good permeability across the porcine mucosa. All film samples demonstrated antifungal properties. These results suggest the potential utility of pectin films incorporating FZ-SLNs for buccal administration.

In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical, Surface, and Optical Properties of Restorative Materials Applied with Different Techniques.

(1) Background: currently, the advantages of bulk-fill resin composite and high-viscosity glass ionomer materials have increased their use in dentistry; accordingly, their mechanical, surface, and optical properties have become more important. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of three different restorative materials (a high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite (TNC), a flowable bulk-fill resin composite (EBF), and a high-viscosity glass ionomer (FIX)) after application using different techniques (control, heat application, and ultrasonic activation). (2) Methods: specimens were prepared to assess the color stability and surface roughness (n = 12). The specimens were immersed in two different solutions for 14 days. For the compressive strength test, specimens were prepared using a Teflon mold (n = 12). (3) Results: among the specimens applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and immersed in distilled water, it was observed that the surface roughness values of FIX on the 7th day were statistically significantly higher than the other materials (p < 0.05). The compressive strength values of EBF applied using ultrasonic activation were significantly lower than those of EBF applied using the other techniques (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: coffee can negatively affect the color stability of restorative materials, but discoloration may vary depending on differences in the content of the material. All materials evaluated in this study exhibited clinically acceptable surface roughness values. It can be concluded that flowable bulk-fill resin composite is the most durable material in terms of compressive strength, so it can be used in the restoration of posterior teeth, especially those exposed to intensive stress.

Evaluation of mechanical properties of an original and a replica-like reciprocating instruments.

This study assessed the mechanical properties of the Only One File Blue and the Reciproc Blue instruments. A total of 80 new 25 mm reciprocating NiTi instruments (25/.08v) were evaluated for their mechanical performance (n = 40 per group). Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional fatigue, flexural resistance and buckling resistance tests were conducted. Statistical analysis was employed with a significance level set at 5%. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in resistance to cyclic fatigue neither in the fragment length between the instruments (p > 0.05). However, the Reciproc Blue instrument exhibited greater torque to fracture and a larger rotation angle than the Only One File Blue instrument (p < 0.05). The Only One File Blue instrument demonstrated higher flexibility but lower resistance to buckling compared to the Reciproc Blue instrument (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the tested instruments exhibit differences in mechanical properties, with the Reciproc Blue instrument generally presenting greater advantages than the Only One File Blue.

Experimental Evaluation of Mechanical Properties, Thermal Analysis, Morphology, Printability, and Shape Memory Performance of the Novel 3D Printed PETG‐EVA Blends

Experimental Evaluation of Mechanical Properties, Thermal Analysis, Morphology, Printability, and Shape Memory Performance of the Novel 3D Printed PETG‐EVA Blends

Synergistic effects of recycled demolition waste and GGBS-FA based geopolymers on the mechanical properties and stabilization mechanism of high plasticity clay

Recycled demolition waste (RDW) and ground granulated blast furnace slag-fly ash-based geopolymer (GFG) are promising materials for treating high-plasticity clay (CH) in highway subgrades. However, the underlying synergistic stabilization mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms governing post-treatment soil stabilization, a multi-scale laboratory investigation was undertaken. This investigation encompassed the evaluation of mechanical properties (compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) to quantify the enhanced performance of the treated soil. Additionally, microstructural and mineralogical characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms responsible for this improvement. The results indicated that the addition of RDW led to a reduction in the optimum moisture content (OMC) while increasing the maximum dry density (MDD) of CH. Moreover, upon incorporating RDW-GFG, the mechanical properties of the cured soil exhibited significant improvement. Specifically, the addition of 25% RDW to CH resulted in a 184% increase in CBR and effective improvement in water stability (immersion swelling percentage is reduced). Furthermore, when 25% RDW and 15% GFG were added to CH, the UCS has increased significantly by 8 times. The addition of RDW effectively enhanced the particle size distribution, compacted the soil, thus increased the shear strength. The results from XRD and SEM analyses revealed that the inclusion of GFG could generate geopolymer cementitious bonding network in the soil matrix. These materials facilitated bonding between CH particles and RDW, filling the pores and densifying the overall structure, thus increasing its strength. The synergy of RDW-GFG substantially improved the highly plastic soil through physicochemical actions, markedly elevating both its strength and water stability. Consequently, the outcomes of this experimental study offer valuable insights for road engineering applications.

Evaluation of Viscoelastic Performance and Molecular Structures of Natural Rubber/NBR Blends Reinforced by Carbon Black and Nano-Silica

This study focuses on the evaluation of the dynamic mechanical properties, molecular structure, density, hardness, swelling behavior of natural rubber blends (NR) and nitrile rubber (NBR) reinforced with carbon black and/or nano-silica. An experimental work has been conducted to study of the effects of increasing NR content and incorporating nano-silica on the mechanical properties and molecular structure were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that increasing the NR content and/or incorporating nano-silica into the elastomer leads to a higher storage modulus with no significant change in the glass transition temperature. FTIR analysis indicates the compatibility of the polyblends and the presence of oxidation of the main polymer chain generated during the grinding of the rubber. Additionally, the results of the swelling study demonstrate that stronger molecular interactions occur on the surface of the nano-silica between the nitrile radicals in the NBR and the silanol (Si-OH) radicals. These findings suggest that blending NR and NBR with carbon black and/or nano-silica can improve the mechanical properties and compatibility of the resulting polyblends, with potential applications in the development of advanced elastomeric materials.

Evaluation of Mechanical Wood Properties of Silver Birch (Betula pendula L. Roth.) of Half-Sib Genetic Families

Silver birch, a widely distributed deciduous tree native to Europe, is valued for its wood applications in construction, furniture making, and paper production. In Lithuania, silver birch ranks as the third most common forest-tree species, comprising 22% of the forested areas, and is an important species for tree breeding due to its potential and adaptability. This study was focused on assessing the mechanical properties of wood (sample and log hardness, wood density, dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn), static modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR)) in silver birch (Betula pendula L. Roth.) trees from different half-sibling families. Two experimental plantations of the progenies of Lithuanian populations (half-sib families) of silver birch from different regions were analysed. From these plantations, four genetic families were selected for mechanical properties evaluation. The study findings revealed significant variability in various wood properties among different genetic families, although the static modulus of elasticity did not exhibit significant differences between the chosen genetic families. All measured wood properties decreased from the bottom to the top of the model trees. Wood hardness displayed a moderately negative correlation for wood density and weak correlations for MOE and MOR. Given the weak correlations between wood hardness and other wood mechanical properties, it is suggested that MOEdyn would be a more suitable trait for genetic studies.

Optimizing Performance of PVC Gel Actuators: Temperature Influence and Characterizations

PVC gels are in high demand for actuators, so choosing the optimal route for preparing PVC gel is crucial. In this study, PVC gel samples were prepared using polymer PVC, plasticizer Di-butyl adipate (DBA), and solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) at temperatures ranging from 40°C to 70°C. The samples obtained at different temperatures were labeled as PVC40, PVC50, PVC60, and PVC70. Rheological properties of all PVC gel samples were analyzed, revealing, that the rheological behavior of the PVC70 gel sample differed significantly from the others due to THF evaporation at 70°C, resulting in inadequate PVC gel preparation. However, PVC40, PVC50, and PVC60 gel samples were chosen for further characterizations, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), actuation, and mechanical properties evaluation. Moreover, a self-assembled setup was fabricated using electrodes and PVC gel to test the performance of the planar actuator. The maximum displacement of PVC60 was measured at approximately 0.74 mm, with a response time of 0.75 sec under an applied voltage of 1000V. It was observed that the homogeneity of the gel and the solubility of the raw materials, based on resin were influenced by the reaction temperature, suggesting that uniformity could be achieved through dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding between PVC and DBA (Cl-H…. O=C). Finally, our findings have the potential to contribute to the development of innovative PVC gel actuators.