Evaluation Of Joint Disease Research Articles

The effect of liquid-liquid extraction on metabolite detection and analysis using NMR spectroscopy in human synovial fluid

The evaluation of joint disease using synovial fluid is an emerging field of metabolic profiling. The analysis is challenged by multiple macromolecules which can obscure the small molecule chemistry. The use of protein precipitation and extraction has been evaluated previously, but not in synovial fluid. We systematically review the published NMR spectroscopy methods of synovial fluid analysis and investigated the efficacy of three different protein precipitation techniques: methanol, acetonitrile and trichloroacetic acid. The trichloroacetic wash removed the most protein. However, metabolite recoveries were universally very poor. Acetonitrile liquid/liquid extraction gave metabolite gains from four unknown compounds with spectral peaks at δ = 1.91 ppm, 3.64 ppm, 3.95 ppm & 4.05 ppm. The metabolite recoveries for acetonitrile were between 1.5 and 7 times higher than the methanol method, across all classes of metabolite. The methanol method was more effective in removing protein as reported by the free GAG undefined peak (44 % vs 125 %). However, qualitative evaluation showed that acetonitrile and methanol provided good restoration of the spectra to baseline. The methanol extraction has issues of a gelatinous substrate in the samples. All metabolite recoveries had a CV of > 15 %. A recommendation of acetonitrile liquid/liquid extraction was made for human synovial fluid (HSF) analysis. This is due to consistency, effective protein precipitation, recovery of metabolites and additional compounds not previously visible.

Tomography for electrical impedance

Introduction:This review article shows the state of the art of different techniques for monitoring joint injuries. This work is the product of the research project "Viability of electrical impedance tomography for the monitoring of joint injuries", which took place at the University of Cauca during the period 2018-2019.
 Aim:Identify non-invasive bio-image methods that are used in the evaluation of joint diseases.
 Methodology: Selection and review of papers related to the evaluation of joint injuries using non-invasive bio-image technologies using systematic mapping.
 Results: Magnetic resonance and computed tomography systems make up the non-invasive methods of greater reliability and application in the evaluation of joint injuries. Similarly, some studies show good results from other methods such as systems based on bio-impedance when monitoring the deterioration of joint cartilage. However, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) devices have not yet been widely studied in the joint injuries evaluation.
 Conclusion: Electronic prototypes of low-cost electrical impedance tomography have been developed that have allowed for the detection and recognition of gestures made by hand from the analysis of the distribution of conductivity in the wrist joint, which allows us to infer that EIT could be a good alternative for the monitoring of joint injuries.
 Originality: The literature does not show studies focused on the development and implementation of EIT systems in medical applications related to joint injuries.
 Limitations: This review paper only mentions those studies that describe the non-invasive bio-image methods used to evaluate joint diseases, including the medical applications of EIT systems.

Causative Pathogens, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Characteristics of Patients with Bacterial Septic Arthritis over Time

Septic arthritis is an important concern for rheumatologists in the evaluation of joint disease. The incidence of these infections is estimated at 4–10 cases per 100,000 patient-years, and the mortality rate ranges between 4% and 50%1,2. Management of septic arthritis remains a challenge because inappropriate treatment can lead to irreversible joint destruction. Over the past decade, the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli (GNB), has increased in the United States. More recently, S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin has been reported3,4. There are only limited data that describe the incidence and outcomes of patients with septic arthritis caused by S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or MDR GNB. The objective of our study was to investigate the trends of causative pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, and characteristics of patients with bacterial septic arthritis in the era of multidrug resistance. The institutional review board of Boston Medical Center approved this analysis (H-34459). A retrospective chart … Address correspondence to Dr. S. Jinno, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. E-mail: sadaoj{at}gmail.com

Dual-Source CTを用いた関節疾患の評価

Dual-Source CTを用いた関節疾患の評価

A retrospective study of septic arthritis in a tertiary hospital in West Texas with high rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Septic arthritis is an important concern for rheumatologists in the evaluation of joint disease. Very few studies have addressed the microbiologic epidemiology and outcomes of septic arthritis in the USA since the year 2000. We performed a retrospective study of septic arthritis in a tertiary hospital in West Texas from the year 2000 to 2013. We recorded data on patient demographics, microbiologic etiology, treatment patterns, and outcomes. The most common causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused septic arthritis in 22.6% of the cases. MRSA septic arthritis was associated with low rates of adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy. The mortality due to sepsis in our study was 5.5%. Patients with septic arthritis had a mean length of stay of 13.5±12.1days and required 2.1±1.4 joint operations. Many patients (29.2%) had readmissions due to complications, and these patients had high rates of home health utilization and transfers to other facilities post hospital discharge. In our logistic regression analysis model, factors associated with poor outcomes in septic arthritis were MRSA, older age, and prosthetic joint infection. Septic arthritis is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and health care costs, and more studies are needed to improve outcomes, especially considering the increasing rates of MRSA as the pathogen.

Measurement of equine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in synovial fluid by a modified MPO assay and evaluation of joint diseases – An initial case study

The aim of this study was to develop a specific myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay in the synovial fluid of horses and investigate whether MPO activity is increased in different forms of joint diseases. Synovial fluid samples were taken from affected joints from horses with osteoarthritis, chronic non-septic arthritis and septic arthritis, and from healthy control horses. MPO activity was measured using a specific modified o-dianisidine-assay containing 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide as a potent and specific inhibitor of the MPO. This assay is characterized by high reproducibility. The results reveal only a slight elevation of MPO activity in the synovial fluid of horses with osteoarthritis and chronic non-septic arthritis. However, in the cases of septic arthritis a significant increase in MPO activity was found when compared to the controls. In conclusion the first field study suggests that synovial fluid MPO may be used as a marker for septic arthritis in horses.

Use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of joint disease in horses. Part 2: Examination of the articular surface

Use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of joint disease in horses. Part 2: Examination of the articular surface

Use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of joint disease in horses. Part 1: Indications, technique and examination of the soft tissues

Use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of joint disease in horses. Part 1: Indications, technique and examination of the soft tissues

Evaluation of Joint Disease in the Pediatric Hand

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, sickle cell disease, and child abuse can all be causes of joint disease in the child's hand. The role of radiology is to diagnose disease and follow disease progression so that therapy can be modified. Because much of the child's hand is unossified cartilage, measurements, bone mineralization, and maturation are important components of the radiologic evaluation.

Radiological Approaches in the Evaluation of Joint Disease in Children

In summary, the newer technologies in radiology have allowed us to visualize more clearly the manifestation of joint disease in children. The presence of small erosions and cartilage damage can be seen much better with magnetic resonance imaging than with any other modality short of arthrography, a much more invasive examination. Joint effusion, although sometimes visualized with conventional radiography, is probably best recognized with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, although it can be detected with computed tomography as well. For the evaluation of avascular necrosis that can be associated with steroid use in joint disease, bone scintigraphy is a simple, sensitive method. Magnetic resonance may be as or more sensitive and gives additional information as well. In the detection of change with time, conventional radiography probably will remain the standard as it is still the simplest, least expensive examination; however, it has many limitations in specific cases. Bone scintigraphy may be of value in selected cases. Although we have still not had enough experience with magnetic resonance imaging to use it as a way of evaluating progress of joint disease, it promises to be the most sensitive radiologic measure of evaluating progress as small anatomical changes can be detected within the cartilage, which cannot be done easily with other means.