Evaluation Of Histopathological Findings Research Articles

Evaluation of histopathological findings of cardiac deaths in forensic autopsies.

The vast majority of sudden and unexpected natural deaths are related to cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery diseases. In this study, we aimed to reveal the epidemiological differences between men and women and to investigate the most common pathologies that cause cardiac deaths. Five thousand seven hundred sixty-eight autopsy cases that were done in 2016 were reviewed for the autopsy information and histopathological findings. Of the 5768 autopsies performed, 866 were due to cardiac causes. Eight hundred thirty-two cases were reviewed due to lack of autopsy information in 34 cases. One hundred sixteen (13.9%) were female, and 716 (86.1%) were male. Coronary artery disease was detected in 760 of 832 cases. There were findings of acute or previous myocardial infarction in 595 (71.5%), perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in 159 (19.1%), myocardial rupture and tamponade in 31 (%3.7), valvular disease in 6 (0.7%), cardiomyopathy in 4 (0.5%), and congenital heart disease in 3 (0.4%). In the study, it was observed that the mean age of death due to cardiac pathology other than coronary artery disease was significantly lower than deaths due to coronary artery disease (p < 0.05). The presence of coronary artery disease in men was found to be significantly higher than in women (p < 0.001). In our study, it was found that deaths due to coronary artery disease are seen at an older age than cardiac deaths other than coronary artery disease. In addition, in line with current knowledge, it has been confirmed that the mortality rate of coronary artery disease is higher in men than in women.

Evaluation of histopathological findings at the injection site following degarelix administration.

The aims of the present study were to investigate the incidence of injection site reactions (ISRs) following administration of 240 mg degarelix and identify the risk factors for ISRs. This study was conducted in 50 consecutive men treated with degarelix for the first time. ISRs after an initial degarelix dose of 240 mg (administered subcutaneously as two 3 ml subcutaneous injection) were evaluated using the five categories of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4 of the National Cancer Institute. We also assessed the differences in patient background between patients with and without an ISR. The mean age of patients and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level just before degarelix administration were 75.6 and 198.4 ng/ml, respectively. Hormonal therapy with degarelix was administered for the first time to 33 patients; 11 of the 50 patients were receiving an oral steroid, 6 for prostate cancer, 1 for hematological disease, and 4 for allergic conditions. ISRs were observed in 25 patients, and all of the ISRs were categorized as grade 1 or 2; however, 2 patients discontinued this procedure due to the ISR. Significant differences in the first experience with subcutaneous therapy (p = 0.007) and rate of combination with a steroid (p = 0.017) were observed between patients with and without ISRs. The incidences of ISRs in patients receiving subcutaneous therapy for the first time and in patients also receiving an oral steroid were 64 and 18 %, respectively. Patients should be provided with information concerning the possible occurrence of ISR due to degarelix prior to the administration, particularly patients who are not receiving steroids and patients who have no experience with subcutaneous injections.

The Importance of Histopathological Examination for Safety in Heart Valve Transplantation – Evaluation of Histopathological Findings in Heart Tissues from Valve Donors

Most, though not all, heart valve banks performed routine histopathological examination of heart tissues after valve donation. Histopathological examination will enhance the safety of heart valve homografts for transplantation. This is highlighted by a milestone case of cardiac sarcoidosis, a potentially fatal condition which can involve valve leaflet, in a live donor. Since then, testing is mandated for all our bank’s donors, with the objective of detecting any cardiac-related contraindications, which might be missed during donor screening. It is also a valuable tool in providing additional information about the cardiac cause of death in deceased donors, especially those who passed away suddenly or from unknown cause. A review of histopathological findings in our donors’ heart tissues revealed numerous pathological features despite the small sample size (n=50). Of the deceased donors, 62.9% were diagnosed with pathological features, among which 72.7% had multiple abnormalities. 30% of our bank’s donors were heart recipients, who had multiple cardiac abnormalities. Some pathological findings were found to be interrelated. A donor heart with cardiomegaly revealed no pathological features, emphasising the necessity to correlate pathological results with clinical data collated during donor screening for a comprehensive clinical picture in the determination of tissue suitability.

The guggulsterone derivative GG-52 inhibits NF-κB signaling in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and attenuates colitis in IL-10 knockout mice

AimsWe previously demonstrated that the novel guggulsterone derivative guggulsterone-52 (GG-52) inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and had preventive and therapeutic effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of GG-52 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and chronic colitis in IL-10−/− mice. Main methodsBMDCs were generated from the femurs of C57BL/6 wild-type and IL-10−/− mice. BMDCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of GG-52. The effect of GG-52 on NF-κB signaling in BMDCs was examined by real-time RT-PCR for IL-12p40 and TNF-α gene expression, western blotting for IκBα degradation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. For in vivo studies, wild-type or IL-10−/− mice were treated with or without GG-52. Colitis was quantified by the evaluation of histopathological findings. Double immunofluorescence staining for CD11c and phosphorylated IκB kinase (IKK)-α was performed to detect IKK activation in DCs in colonic tissue. Key findingsGG-52 significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-12p40 and TNF-α gene expression, IκBα degradation, and NF-κB DNA binding activity in BMDCs. In the IL-10−/− mouse model chronic colitis, administration of GG-52 significantly reduced the severity of colitis as assessed by histopathology, and suppressed IKK activation in DCs in colonic tissue. SignificanceThese results indicate that the novel guggulsterone derivative GG-52 blocks NF-κB activation in BMDCs and ameliorates chronic colitis in IL-10−/− mice, which suggest that GG-52 is a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel diseases.