Evaluation Of Cultivars Research Articles

48 Evaluation of soybean cultivars for forage yield and nutritive qualities

Equine producers frequently utilize legumes, such as alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and perennial peanut ( Arachis glabrata ), as forages in their feeding programs. Due to challenges related to production and shipping in the Southeast, producers may be looking for other viable legume options to reduce feeding costs. Soybean ( Glycine max L.) may prove to be a useful option. The current study evaluated 3 forage soybean varieties (V), ‘Tower of Leaves’ (T), ‘Stonewall’ (S), and ‘Laredo’ (L), and 2 grain varieties, ‘AG64 × 8’ (A) and ‘AG79 × 9’ (X), during the 2019–2020 growing seasons for forage yield and nutritive value. Row spacing (RS; 36 and 71 cm), harvest height (HH; 10, 15, and 20 cm), and location [E.V. Smith Research and Extension Center (EVS) and Wiregrass Research and Extension Center (WG)] were also evaluated. Plots were harvested using a small plot harvester. A subsample was dried in a 55°C forced air oven and then ground to 1 mm. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was determined using NIRS analysis. Wet chemistry was performed on 10% of samples for verification. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was determined using batch culture inoculated with an equine fecal matter (10%) and buffer solution (90%) mixture. This study was a randomized, complete block design (n = 4) and stats were analyzed using PROC Glimmix of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). There was no effect of RS on any parameter evaluated ( P > 0.17). All dependent variables were affected by HH ( P < 0.01), V ( P < 0.01), and location ( P < 0.05). Yield was greatest in S and T ( P < 0.02; 2074 and 1961 kg ha −1 , respectively), while yield was least in L ( P < 0.01; 1340 kg ha −1 ). Neutral detergent fiber and ADF were less in S than L ( P < 0.01; 46 and 37 vs 47 and 38%, respectively), and A ( P < 0.02; 46 and 37 vs 47 and 38%, respectively), while X was also less than L ( P < 0.01; 46 and 37 vs 47 and 38%, respectively) and T ( P < 0.03; 46 and 37 vs 47 and 38%, respectively). Crude protein was greatest in A and X ( P < 0.05; 16.9 and 16.4%, respectively), while it was least in S and T ( P < 0.05; 15.8 and 15.7%, respectively). There was no effect ( P = 0.20) of soybean variety on IVDMD. The EVS location had greater forage yield ( P < 0.0001), CP ( P < 0.0001), and NDF ( P < 0.05), but lesser ADF ( P < 0.0001) than WG. The cultivar S showed the greatest forage yield and the least NDF and ADF, while the CP seen in S was less than other varieties; however, S was only 1% lower than A, which had the greatest CP. This indicates that S has the greatest promise as a forage option and should be further tested in mixtures with other forage species.

Quality and safety evaluation of new tomato cultivars

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a dietary source of bioactive compounds and breeding programs continuously create new cultivars with different nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. The aim of this work is to provide a quality and safety assessment of new tomato cultivars: Bamano, Dulcemiel and Sugarland. Eight biogenic amines, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) have been determined. Tyramine was not detected in any samples. Sugarland was characterized by a high content of serotonin (266.87 ± 11.16 mg/kg) and phenolic compounds (303.15 ± 21.62 mgGAE/kg). Moreover, multivariate statistical analyses were applied to the data matrix.

Peach Tree Short Life in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

The Peach Tree Short Life (PTSL) is a syndrome that causes severe damage to peach trees, usually between one and eight-years-old, which can lead to the scion death. In Brazil, it has importance mainly in the Rio Grande do Sul State, which is the largest Brazilian peach producer. First reported in the Pelotas area, in late 1970s, the syndrome continues to cause damage, with varying intensities among years. Several causes have been reported in national and international literature, involving biotic and abiotic factors. In Rio Grande do Sul, due to the predominant use of mixtures of scion peach pits from canning industry for rootstock production, it is not possible to know varietal identity of tree root system in commercial orchards. This genetic variability which causes heterogeneity among trees, can at the same time under the environmental selection pressure, be used in a clonal selection program in situ, in search for tolerant sources. In another strategy developed by Embrapa Clima Temperado, evaluation of cultivars, species and interspecific hybrids as rootstocks are also underway. In the present paper, we report main technical and scientific advances on PTSL in Rio Grande do Sul and the focus on search for tolerant rootstocks and quality of nursery trees.

Evaluation of Cultivars and Spray Programs for Organic Grape Production in Virginia

The French American hybrid grape cultivars Corot noir and Arandell (Vitis sp.), and Vidal blanc and Petit Manseng (Vitis vinifera), along with different spray programs, were evaluated for potential organic production in Virginia from 2013 to 2014. Results obtained in the study demonstrate that organic wine grape production in Virginia can be achieved by using select grape cultivars and spray programs. With the exception of Vidal blanc, disease severity and disease incidence were below the threshold for maintaining healthy vines in all organically managed grape cultivars. ‘Vidal blanc’ was not sufficiently resistant to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), precluding it from potential organic management in Virginia. The study also demonstrated significant disease resistance in Virginia of the cultivar Arandell, released by Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) in 2013. The results suggest that the organically registered fungicide Bacillus subtilis is effective in reducing the severity and incidence of black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) and phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola). The chemistry of organically managed berries harvested in 2014 met minimum requirements for wine production with soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH ranging from 18.7% to 20.2%, 7.6 to 8.0 g·L−1, and 3.3 to 3.4, respectively, in ‘Arandell’ and ‘Corot noir’; and 21.0% to 24.4%, 7.8 to 9.6 g·L−1, and 2.7 to 2.9, respectively, in ‘Petit Manseng’ and ‘Vidal blanc’ juice.

Evaluation of alfalfa cultivars under rainfed Mediterranean conditions

AbstractTwenty alfalfa cultivars were tested, under rainfed conditions in central Greece, for forage yield, agronomic and nutritive value in order to identify adaptive responses contributing to high resilience and productivity. From 2014 to 2017, five harvests (H1 to H5) per season were conducted. Two cultivars were also grown as irrigated checks. Annual and total dry matter (DMA and DMT) and harvest ratios (RH) were estimated. DMT was reduced by 42.9–48.1% under ambient rainfall compared to irrigated checks, which received 50.2% more water. The seasonal yield distribution demonstrated two contrasting strategies, however, equally effective for high resilience under rainfed conditions. The winter-active imported cultivars were the most resilient in the driest year, potentially due to their ability to exploit autumn rains, whereas the locally adapted genotypes were more productive in summer. The spring harvest ratio (RH1) was more indicative (r = 0.94, P &lt; 0.01) of cultivar productivity, compared to plant survival (r = 0.65, P &lt; 0.01), whereas the autumn harvest ratio (RH5) was representative of productivity under extreme drought (r = 0.53, P &lt; 0.05). RH1 and RH5 were increased by 11.8 and 12.3%, respectively, whereas the summer ratios (RH3, RH4) were reduced by 47.3%, under rainfed v. irrigated conditions. Two Australian cultivars (‘Blue Ace’, ‘Icon’) achieved the highest RH5 suggesting an adaptive response by being more productive in autumn. However, the development of specifically adapted cultivars in terms of higher summer yield and plant survival may be necessary to cope with future climatic changes in the Mediterranean region.

Evaluation of peach cultivars’ leaf apparatus resistance to water deficit according to photosynthetic system condition

Evaluation of peach cultivars’ leaf apparatus resistance to water deficit according to photosynthetic system condition

Evaluation of olive cultivars with different photosynthetic activity of leaves

Evaluation of olive cultivars with different photosynthetic activity of leaves

Evaluation of gerbera cultivars and silicic acid applications under polyhouse condition

A study on performance of gerbera cultivars for different levels of silicic acid application was carried out under protected condition. The results revealed that among all seven cultivars, ‘Marinilla’ recorded with highest number of flowers (15.11) and lowest number of flowers observed with cultivar ‘Vilassar’ (13.11). Regarding leaf length, cultivar ‘Nijela’ (30.02 cm) recorded significantly higher leaf length than ‘Amlet’ (26.41 cm), but was on par with ‘Marinilla’ (29.64 cm), ‘Rionegro’ (29.03 cm), ‘Amelie’ (28.50 cm) and ‘Vilassar’ (28.38 cm) cultivars. Leaf width recorded was not significantly influenced due to cultivars of gerbera’. However, cultivar ‘Marinilla’ (10.60 cm) recorded higher leaf width than cultivar ‘Amelie’ (9.90 cm). Regarding leaf area per plant recorded with cultivar ‘Marinilla’ (1230.13 cm2) was significantly higher than ‘Nijela’ (1055.96 cm2) cultivar. The extent of increase in leaf area per plant in ‘Marinilla’ was 16% more than ‘Vilassar’ cultivar. Soil nutrients like available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents did not vary significantly due to silicic acid levels.

Evaluation of indigenous aromatic rice cultivars from sub-Himalayan Terai region of India for nutritional attributes and blast resistance

Indigenous folk rice cultivars often possess remarkable but unrevealed potential in terms of nutritional attributes and biotic stress tolerance. The unique cooking qualities and blissful aroma of many of these landraces make it an attractive low-cost alternative to high priced Basmati rice. Sub-Himalayan Terai region is bestowed with great agrobiodiversity in traditional heirloom rice cultivars. In the present study, ninety-nine folk rice cultivars from these regions were collected, purified and characterized for morphological and yield traits. Based on traditional importance and presence of aroma, thirty-five genotypes were selected and analyzed for genetic diversity using micro-satellite marker system. The genotypes were found to be genetically distinct and of high nutritive value. The resistant starch content, amylose content, glycemic index and antioxidant potential of these genotypes represented wide variability and ‘Kataribhog’, ‘Sadanunia’, ‘Chakhao’ etc. were identified as promising genotypes in terms of different nutritional attributes. These cultivars were screened further for resistance against blast disease in field trials and cultivars like ‘Sadanunia’, ‘T4M-3-5’, ‘Chakhao Sampark’ were found to be highly resistant to the blast disease whereas ‘Kalonunia’, ‘Gobindabhog’, ‘Konkanijoha’ were found to be highly susceptible. Principal Component analysis divided the genotypes in distinct groups for nutritional potential and blast tolerance. The resistant and susceptible genotypes were screened for the presence of the blast resistant pi genes and association analysis was performed with disease tolerance. Finally, a logistic model based on phenotypic traits for prediction of the blast susceptibility of the genotypes is proposed with more than 80% accuracy.

Consecutive wet days may impede fruit quality of peach and nectarine and cause fruit drop

Extreme rainfall events pose a threating factor for the income of growers, processing industry and communities; however little is known on damages caused on peach trees. The pattern of historical trends in precipitation and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) characteristics during the summer months were studied in Naoussa, Northern Greece. Damages from naturally occurring summer rainfalls were recorded in a peach and nectarine cultivar evaluation orchard and effects from a simulated rainfall experiment using prolonged (100 mm in 3 days) and intense (100 mm in 1 day) rainfall treatments were monitored on peach cv. ‘Elegant Lady’ trees. Results showed that during the summer months of 1967–2019, there was no significant effect in the precipitation totals and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) characteristics, although an increase in the frequency of wet spells is noticeable in the last three years. Fruit drop and symptoms of skin streaking, bronzing, and collapse in skin tissue of peach and nectarine cultivars close to maturity initiated during and continued after the end of severe and extreme wet spells of three or more consecutive rainy days in a summer month in 2017, 2018 (total ca. 100 mm) and 2019 (total 54 mm) were recorded. The type of skin damages differed among peach and nectarine cultivars. Greater extent of damages was documented in the peach cvs ‘Kevina®’, ‘Maura®’ and ‘Royal Time®’ and fewer damages in ‘Red Haven’, and ‘Sweet Scarlet’. The rainfall simulation experiment showed that only the prolonged, and not the intense treatment, caused fruit drop starting two days after the treatment initiation and lasted three days after the end, while streaking symptoms developed mostly in fruit from the prolonged rainfall treatment. In conclusion, the consecutive wet days rather than the total rainfall caused fruit drop and skin damages in peach and nectarine fruits close to harvest, while cultivars differed in the type of damage developing. Insurance programs need to be readdressed, incorporating rainfall frequency rather than total monthly rainfall as indicators of yield, as well as including the symptoms of fruit drop, skin streaking, bronzing and collapse as damages rather than cracking in peach and nectarine.

Red-Green-Blue and Multispectral Imaging as Potential Tools for Estimating Growth and Nutritional Performance of Cassava under Deficit Irrigation and Potassium Fertigation

Cassava has high energy value and rich nutritional content, yet its productivity in the tropics is seriously constrained by abiotic stresses such as water deficit and low potassium (K) nutrition. Systems that allow evaluation of genotypes in the field and greenhouse for nondestructive estimation of plant performance would be useful means for monitoring the health of plants for crop-management decisions. We investigated whether the red–green–blue (RGB) and multispectral images could be used to detect the previsual effects of water deficit and low K in cassava, and whether the crop quality changes due to low moisture and low K could be observed from the images. Pot experiments were conducted with cassava cuttings. The experimental design was a split-plot arranged in a completely randomized design. Treatments were three irrigation doses split into various K rates. Plant images were captured beginning 30 days after planting (DAP) and ended at 90 DAP when plants were harvested. Results show that biomass, chlorophyll, and net photosynthesis were estimated with the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.90), followed by leaf area (R2 = 0.76). Starch, energy, carotenoid, and cyanide were also estimated satisfactorily (R2 &gt; 0.80), although cyanide showed negative regression coefficients. All mineral elements showed lower estimation accuracy (R2 = 0.14–0.48) and exhibited weak associations with the spectral indices. Use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green area (GA), and simple ratio (SR) indices allowed better estimation of growth and key nutritional traits. Irrigation dose 30% of pot capacity enriched with 0.01 mM K reduced most index values but increased the crop senescence index (CSI). Increasing K to 16 mM over the irrigation doses resulted in high index values, but low CSI. The findings indicate that RGB and multispectral imaging can provide indirect measurements of growth and key nutritional traits in cassava. Hence, they can be used as a tool in various breeding programs to facilitate cultivar evaluation and support management decisions to avert stress, such as the decision to irrigate or apply fertilizers.

Evaluation of novel peach cultivars in the European Union: the EUFRIN Peach and Apricot Working Group initiative

Evaluation of novel peach cultivars in the European Union: the EUFRIN Peach and Apricot Working Group initiative

The Dependence of Crop Potatoes on the Level of Irrigation under Polish Conditions

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dependence of potato crops on the level of irrigation in three mesoregions of Poland. The field experiments were carried out in 2009–2011 according to an obligatory methodology for evaluation of crop cultivars. Three factors were tested: two cultivation practices (with irrigation and without irrigation as control), five potato cultivars, and three locations (Masłowice, Szczecin-Dąbie, and Węgrzce). The study was conducted in randomized blocks in triplicate. The study included the same nutrition across locations and protection against potato blight. Irrigation was applied according to the criterion of optimal soil moisture at a humidity decrease below 70% of the field water capacity. At the time of harvest, total and commercial yields of tubers were determined. Detailed analysis of the dependent variables, total and marketable yield, and the independent variables for the second harvest date, confirmed confidence in the achieved results. The coefficients of variation for total and marketable yield, on the second harvest date, were 23% and 25%, respectively, which means high stability for the results. Irrigation of potato plantations contributed to an increase in the total yield of tubers in the first harvest term by 3.22 t·ha−1 and by 7.23 t·ha−1 -in the second term; and the commercial yield of tubers by 3.45 t·ha−1 in the first term and by 7.42 t·ha−1 -in the second term of tuber harvest. The highest watering efficiency in the first harvest time, 60 days after planting, was distinguished by the “Miłek” variety, and in the second harvest date by the “Denar” variety.

Evaluation and analysis of commercial cultivars and elite breeding lines for resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen race 18 in cotton

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an economically important crop which provides a significant source of fiber, animal feed, and food oil worldwide. Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), infects the aerial part of the cotton plant at all stages and can cause a significant loss in yield and fiber quality. In this study, 288 Upland (G. hirsutum) and 8 Pima (G. barbadense) commercial transgenic cultivars and elite breeding lines were divided into 10 replicated tests and evaluated for BB resistance using the toothpick scratching method in the greenhouse in 2016–2017. Five Upland and four Pima genotypes were used as resistant and susceptible controls, respectively. The percentage of susceptible plants with water-soaking symptoms was calculated on a replication basis for each genotype. While all the commercial Pima cultivars tested were susceptible, 21 commercial Upland cultivars were resistant to Xcm race 18. A total of 22 elite public breeding lines were resistant, including 11 lines from the University of Arkansas with an active breeding program for BB resistance and 1–4 resistant lines from five other public breeding programs without an active screening component for BB resistance. Of more than 150 breeding lines developed at New Mexico State University, 11 were found to be resistant to BB. Many commercial cultivars and public breeding lines were found to contain various levels of susceptible plants and are therefore heterogeneous in BB resistance. The results suggest that the resistance to Xcm race 18 can be easily bred in breeding without a selection pressure. A pedigree analysis showed that there are likely different sources of BB resistance. The resistant cultivars and lines identified should be a valuable resource to improve BB resistance in cotton breeding.

Evaluation of apple cultivars to four pome fruit viruses in Iranian National Collection of Kamalshahr Horticulture Research Station, Karaj

The National Iranian Apple Collection comprises a wide range of native and imported commercial cultivars used for breeding researches. Successful phenotyping requires healthy plants capable of expressing the existing genetic potential. The time-consuming and expensive process of producing healthy primary nucleus may be avoided by a primitive screening of the plant material. Indeed, the new young shoots grown next to heavy pruning under high regional solar radiation may act as in vivo thermotherapy. A total of 98 samples collected from 48 apple cultivars were assessed to detect the occurrence and prevalence of lethal viruses such as Apple stem pitting virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple stem grooving virus and Tomato ring spot virus. The presence of ASPV, ACLSV, ASGV and ToRSV was tested by DAS ELISA using specific antibodies. To confirm ELISA results, all virus-free samples, or ones suspected of being infected by a sole virus, were consequently subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This was achieved by the use of specific primers for a region of the ACLSV and ASPV genomes which encode part of the coat protein (CP), specific primers for full length CP of ASGV, and specific primers for a region of the ToRSV genome which encodes part of the replicase. The ELISA results demonstrated that 71.4%, 47.5% and 18.5% of the samples in total were infected by ACLSV, ASPV, and ASGV respectively. No infection by ToRSV was observed within the tested cultivars. The integration of ELISA results with RT-PCR proved that McIntosh1, Starking1, Red spur cooper2, Yellow transparent1, and Glockenapfel were recognized virus-free material, and therefore could be used and maintained as primary nucleus and healthy mother orchards.

Evaluation of apricot cultivars in the conditions of the Voronezh region

Evaluation of apricot cultivars in the conditions of the Voronezh region

Agronomic evaluation of different banana cultivars in tarai regions of Uttarakhand

Field experiment was undertaken during the year 2019-2020 to assess the agronomic performance of different banana cultivars and to select the cultivar ideally suited to tarai regions of Uttarakhand. The study was performed with seven different banana cultivars namely Basrai Dwarf, Grande Naine (G-9), Poovan, Ney Poovan, Monthan, Red Banana and Nendran. Among these, Grande Naine (G-9) proved significantly superior, with regard to yield characters and agronomic attributes closely followed by Basrai Dwarf. This result is also supported by correlation study among the different attributes which showed that the bunch weight decreases if vegetative growth is more and crop duration is longer.

Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars for Growth and Yield Traits under Agro-Ecological Condition of Tandojam

Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars for Growth and Yield Traits under Agro-Ecological Condition of Tandojam

Evaluation of cotton cultivars based on the compensatory increase of cotton squares after simulating damage by the cotton boll weevil

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate cotton cultivars based on the compensatory increase of cotton squares in response to the simulation of the boll weevil damage. The first experiment aimed to evaluate cotton cultivars with greater compensatory increase in squares removed artificially from the plant. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with 100% removal of cotton squares at 50, 70 and 90 days after the emergence of the FM975WS, TMG81WS, IMA6501B2RF and BRS432B2RF cotton cultivars and passive production (without removal) and active (with removal) of cotton squares, with four replications. In the second experiment, boll weevil damage in the TMG80WS and BRS432B2RF, with greater and lesser compensatory increase of cotton squares, after their removal at 50 days of age, was evaluated. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with the former cultivars sprayed with carbamate or not (control). The compensatory increase of cotton squares, mainly after their artificial removal at 50 and 70 days of age, of the TMG81WS, was greater. The cotton square compensatory increase after being artificially removed in the cotton cultivars was higher during the period of exponential production of these reproductive structures and can be used to select cultivars tolerant to boll weevil damage.

Evaluation of cultivars of medium wheatgrass (&lt;i&gt;Agropyrum Intermedium&lt;/i&gt; Host, Nevsky) according to the height and productivity of the forage mass in the nursery [grown] stock

Evaluation of cultivars of medium wheatgrass (&lt;i&gt;Agropyrum Intermedium&lt;/i&gt; Host, Nevsky) according to the height and productivity of the forage mass in the nursery [grown] stock