Evaluation Of Carbon Fiber Research Articles

Evaluation of Carbon Fiber and Titanium Surgical Implants for Proton and Photon Therapy

Impending and actual pathologic fractures secondary to metastatic bone disease, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma often require intramedullary fixation followed by radiation therapy. Because of carbon's low atomic number, there are reduced computed tomography (CT) imaging artifacts and dose perturbation when planning postoperative radiation for carbon fiber (CF) rods. Herein, we characterize the dosimetric properties of CF implants compared with titanium alloy (TA) for proton and photon. TA and CF samples were acquired from an implant manufacturer. Material characteristics were evaluated by CT scans with and without metal artifact reduction (MAR). Relative stopping power (RSP) was determined from the range pull-back of each sample in a 20-cm range proton beam. Photon transmission measurements were made in a solid water phantom and compared with the modeled dosimetry from the RayStation planning system. CF caused no visible CT artifacts, and MAR was not necessary for Hounsfield unit (HU) determination (median, 364 HU) or contouring, whereas TA (median, 3071 HU) caused substantial artifacts, which were improved, but not eliminated by MAR. The proton RSP was measured as 3.204 for TA and 1.414 for CF. For 6 MV photons, the measured transmission was 89.3% for TA and 98% for CF. CF RSP calculation and transmission from CT HU showed a physical density overestimate compared with measurements, which would cause a slight, but acceptable, dose uncertainty (<10% proton range or 1% photon transmission). With a density similar to bone, CF implants did not cause imaging artifacts and minimal dose perturbation compared with TA. Although the CF proton RSP is underestimated and the photon attenuation is overestimated by the HU, both effects are relatively small and may be most easily accounted for by planning with a 2-mm expansion around organs at risk beyond or in close proximity to the implant.

Evaluation of carbon fiber and p-aramid composite for industrial helmet using simple cross-ply for protecting human heads

Using personal protective equipment, such as safety helmets, at industrial sites, is the last method to prevent disasters, and such equipment are widely recognized as consumables. Among them, industrial safety helmets use ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or PE (polyethylene) resins as the main material of the shell to absorb shocks, and they also possess a relatively good heat resistance. However, efforts to develop new materials by a simple fabrication method are not actively performed. In this study, to improve the safety performance of industrial helmets, an epoxy resin was used as a matrix to produce a p-aramid/carbon fiber composite as a simple cross-ply, and compared to p-aramid fiber-reinforced composites, carbon fiber-reinforced composites, and ABS plastic. The specimens were prepared by the compression molding method, and their mechanical properties including the impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and inter-laminar shear strength along with heat resistance properties were observed via thermogravimetric analysis.

Experimental and calculated evaluation of carbon fiber reinforcing for increasing concrete columns carrying capacity

The article presents the concrete columns tests results reinforced with canvases based on carbon fibers FibARM Tape 530/300 and FibARM Lamel 14/100 slats, the calculation of the use effectiveness for strengthening the compressed reinforced concrete elements. Three groups of columns were tested: unreinforced columns, columns reinforced with FibARM Tape 530/300 canvases in one layer, reinforced with FibARM Lamel 14/100 lamella (width is 100 mm), while one of the samples was reinforced with lamella only, and the other was reinforced both lamella and clamps. In addition, it was proposed calibration calculation of concrete columns reinforced with canvases based on carbon fibers FibARM Tape 530/300, the calculation purpose was to determine the bearing capacity for evaluating the suitability in the further structure operation after columns strengthening. According to the experiment results, data were obtained on the carrying capacity of centrally compressed concrete columns reinforced with carbon fiber both with a discrete arrangement of bands (strips) made of composite material along the height of the structures, as well as with their continuous wrapping (analogue of reinforced concrete holder). According to the experiment results, data were obtained on the carrying capacity of centrally compressed concrete columns reinforced with carbon fiber, both with a discrete arrangement of bands (strips) made of composite material along the height of structures, and with their continuous wrapping (analogue of reinforced concrete holder).

Evaluation of Carbon Fiber and Bovine Pericardium Implantation in Tenorrhaphy of Common Calcanean Tendon Rupture in Goats

Evaluation of Carbon Fiber and Bovine Pericardium Implantation in Tenorrhaphy of Common Calcanean Tendon Rupture in Goats

Evaluation of Carbon Fiber and Bovine Pericardium Implantation in Tenorrhaphy of Common Calcanean Tendon Rupture in Goats

Common calcanean tenorrhaphy was carried out on right hind limbs of 18 goats after removal of two cm segment from the tendon using linen (nylon) No. one and locking loop suture pattern alone (group I) or together with carbon fibers implantation (group II) or with bovine pericardial flap (group III). Surgery was done under epidural analgesia and the tibiotarsal joint of the operated limb was immobilized using cortical screw 3.5mm with application of full limb plaster cast. Post-operative healing of the tendon was monitored through clinical observation, ultra-sonographic, macroscopic and microscopic examinations at intervals (3, 9, 12 weeks) post operatively. With the use of bovine pericardial flap, the operated animals showed earlier improvement compared with the others. Bovine pericardial flap also induced early tendon healing and better organization of tendon fibers.

Экспериментальная оценка режимов размерной обработки углепластиков импульсным наносекундным излучением волоконного иттербиевого лазера

Экспериментальная оценка режимов размерной обработки углепластиков импульсным наносекундным излучением волоконного иттербиевого лазера

Evaluation of aerospace carbon fibers

Major advancements in the evaluation of carbon fibers at home and abroad are briefly summarized in this paper. In addition, the requirements on microstructure, composition, surface elements, ash, processing and stability of carbon fibers used in the aerospace field are introduced. Future trends for the evaluation of aerospace carbon fibers are discussed. [New Carbon Materials 2014, 29(3): 161–168]

An Experimental Investigation of Factors Considered for the Short Beam Shear Strength Evaluation of Carbon Fiber–reinforced Thermoplastic Laminates

The short beam shear method is the most common test used to determine interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). However, different test standards provide a range of values and make this method unreliable. Carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic laminates were used for experiments with the boundary conditions specified under International Organization for Standardization and ASTM test standards. Additional factors, such as the matrix type, thermoforming, and carbon weave orientation, were chosen to build an experimental design. The work also demonstrates the unique visualization of the shear strain during three-point bending as determined via photogrammetric measurements. The specimen failure modes are described in detail. This paper highlights and evaluates the possible influences of the material and test factors that should be considered when ILSS tests are performed on woven fabric reinforced thermoplastics under different test standards and conditions.

NonDestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers with Ultrasonics and Infrared Thermography: An Overview on Historical Steps and Patents

The increasing use of composites in the transport industry and specifically in the aerospace field calls for nondestructive evaluation techniques for quality control during manufacturing and in service. Therefore, the availability of techniques which are effective to assess a material is free of slag inclusions, delamination and porosity is a crucial point. Of course, no technique is exhaustive alone; some are more effective for detection of surface discontinuities, others for outlining of buried shallow defects and others for detection of deeper anomalies. Then, an integration of two, or more, techniques may be the optimal solution especially for nondestructive evaluation of aerospace parts. The attention of this review is focused on two techniques: ultrasonic testing, which is commonly used, and infrared thermography, which was recently recognized amongst standards, for nondestructive testing and evaluation of composite materials in the aeronautical industry. For each of the two techniques, historical steps are traced with particular attention to the patents produced. In particular, the advantages coming from an integration of infrared thermography with ultrasonics and some other techniques are also discussed.

Production and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Composite for Acetabular Cup

Production and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Composite for Acetabular Cup

SQUID-based nondestructive evaluation of carbon fiber reinforced polymer

Recent work with HTS SQUIDs in nondestructive evaluation has concentrated on the detection of flaws in aircraft-grade aluminum, with particular emphasis on surface-breaking tears beside rivets. More complex materials are now also being used in aircraft manufacture, with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) being one of the most common. Existing technologies such as ultrasound are particularly well suited to the detection of impact-damaged sites and until now there have only been a few reports of eddy current examination of CFRP samples. Here we present results on samples with regions of heat damage, impact damage and with nonmagnetic inserts using eddy current detection techniques. We compare the signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution for a variety of sensors including HTS SQUIDs and gradiometers and conventional induction coils, and discuss variations in detection efficiency with field component measured.

Evaluation of carbon fibers as an anode material of lithium ion secondary battery and their performances

Evaluation of carbon fibers as an anode material of lithium ion secondary battery and their performances

Evaluation of Carbon Fibers as An Anode Material of Lithium Ion Secondary Battery and Their Performances

In the present paper, various kinds of carbon fibers were studied in order to cover a wide range of crystallinity from disordered to highly graphitized materials. Poly-p-phenylene (PPP)-based granular carbon was also comparatively chosen as one of the highly disordered carbons against low crystalline carbon fibers. The discharge capacity of carbon fiber electrode was shown to depend on the crystallite thickness Lc002. Disordered and well-ordered carbon fibers had larger capacity than those with intermediate crystalline thickness. Milled mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCF) showed the highest capacity in fibers with high crystallinity, which seemed to be applicable for practical cell. 1 at % B-doped mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber indicated improvement in crystallite thickness and discharge capacity. It was suggested in the present paper that the crystallite thickness of carbon electrode is one of the most important factor for design of Li ion battery. Furthermore well controlled mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers as well as B-doped one are very promissing for the practical application for Li ion battery.

Characterization and Evaluation of Carbon Fibers as a Negative Electrode of Lithium Secondary Battery

Lithium secondary battery using carbon as negative electrode, where Li is stored, has been developed. In the present paper, various kinds of carbon fibers with different macroscopic and crystallographic structure are applied a negative electrode for the lithium secondary batteries with 1molLiClO4/propylene carbonate electrolyte. And the battery performances of the fibrous electrode are characterized and evaluated as a function of the structural features of the fibers.Li insertion mechanisms into carbon fiber negative electrode are classified into three groups from charge-discharge and the voltammetry measurements. The intercalation takes place in well-ordered graphite fibers, and the doping of Li occurs in the low crystalline, disordered, carbon fibers. Carbon fibers with intermediate crystalline structure indicate voltammograms between well-and disordered carbon fibers. Charge capacities of the fibrous anodes depend upon the crystallinity. Well-ordered and disordered carbon fiber electrodes exhibit larger capacity than those with intermediate crystallinity. It is evidently shown that the crystallinity of the fibrous carbon electrode is an important factor for desig of the cell performances in Li secondary battery.

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