Evaluation Of Adequacy Research Articles

Research progress on measurement methods and evaluation of the hemodialysis adequacy index Kt/V.

The most common form of replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is hemodialysis, and the adequacy of hemodialysis is strongly associated with the quality of life and long-term survival of patients. Kt/V is currently one of the most important indicators for evaluating the adequacy of hemodialysis. There are many methods for measuring Kt/V, such as blood collection and measurement, dialysate measurement, bioresistive resistance, WinNonlin software analysis, and artificial intelligence. There are different views on the importance of Kt/V as an indicator of the adequacy of hemodialysis. This article provides a literature review of the various methods of measuring Kt/V and on different perspectives on Kt/V as an evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy.

CastelLact Project: Exploring the Nutritional Status and Dietary Patterns of Pregnant and Lactating Women-A Comprehensive Evaluation of Dietary Adequacy.

Promoting optimal nutrition in pregnant and lactating women is crucial for maternal and infant health. This study evaluated their nutritional status and dietary habits, assessing macro and micronutrient intake based on recommendations. A descriptive study with Spanish participants examined social, obstetric, dietary, and anthropometric data using quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography revealed significant variability, with notable deviations in specific fatty acids like C:10:0 and C:12:0. Despite some differences, the overall composition aligns with standards. During pregnancy, 53.8% consumed five meals/day. Grilling (92.3%) and baking (76.9%) were common. Food consumption frequency differed from recommendations. Lactating mothers' mean energy intake was 2575.88 kcal/day ± 730.59 standard deviation (SD), with 45% from carbohydrates and 40% from lipids, including 37.16 g ± 10.43 of saturated fatty acids. Diets during pregnancy lacked fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and cereals. Lactating mothers partially met nutritional objectives, with an energy distribution skewed towards lipids and deficiencies in calcium, iodine, vitamin D, E, and folic acid. Promoting proper nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is essential to safeguard health and prevent chronic diseases.

Evaluation of hydraulic adequacy of runoff disposal in urban watersheds of rapidly expanding towns

ABSTRACT The growth of cities significantly alters natural catchments by increasing impervious surfaces and necessitating the installation of an appropriate drainage system. Arba Minch is rapidly expanding and facing street flooding. The objective of this study is to assess the hydraulic adequacy of runoff disposal in urban watersheds located in rapidly expanding towns. Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was used to perform rainfall-runoff simulation. Personal Computer SWMM (PCSWMM) was used to carry out calibration and validation in the watershed. The primary and secondary data were used. Five Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) categories identified were asphalt, cobble, vegetation, bare soil, and roof. The result shows 33.49% area is covered with highly impervious land cover. The overall calibration and validation are a very good fit with the observed flow. The total runoff volume of 9494.15 km3 was generated from the town area which is 13.7 km2. The peak runoff determined from 373 sub-catchments varied from 0.01 to 4.48 m3s−1. According to the simulated result, 7.46% of existing drainage channels were flooded. Anticipating future runoff generation, this study evaluates the inadequacy of existing drainage channels in urban areas. Hydraulic analysis is recommended before constructing drainage structures to protect from flooding.

Spatial Analysis Model for the Evaluation of the Territorial Adequacy of the Urban Process in Coastal Areas

Coastal spaces are shaped by human activity. Approaching their urban spaces allows us to analyse the concepts of structure, growth, and management. Highlighting the problems associated with these concepts can lead to intensive scientific analysis and provide solid research methods. This paper focuses on the study of how the process of territorial occupation takes place and the urban forms it generates on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. It is based on the consideration that the process of territorial occupation is deficient in its territorial adequacy. To analyse this, a methodology is proposed that addresses processes of analysis at different scales: dynamics of changes in land use, the study of the morphologies of urban development with spatial analysis tools, and the adaptation of urban processes to the characteristics of the spaces that support them with multi-criteria evaluation techniques and GIS (Geographical Information Systems). The results are specified in five degrees of suitability of the occupation of the territory. Two conclusions can be observed: first, urban planning gives rise to forms of occupation that follow a similar pattern in the twenty areas studied, and second, the suitability of the urban process is not governed by planning based on precepts of suitability and environmental logic but by a weakness of the adapted planning methods.

Middle-Range Theory of Occupational Stress in Health Professionals.

Occupational stress affects health professionals; however, no literature was found on the middle-range theory for this outcome in health professionals. Methodological study for the theoretical validation of a nursing diagnosis using the theoretical framework of Walker and Avant and the Betty Neuman systems models. The research was conducted in five stages: comprehension of the system model; selection and review of studies; development of the conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure; elaboration of a diagram and proposition of a nursing diagnosis; and evaluation of the empirical adequacy of the theory and validity of the system model. These steps were conducted using a scoping review and a sample of 138 articles selected in the Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. A data extraction instrument was developed, and study variables (attributes, antecedents, and clinical consequences) were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) and presented in tables. The middle-range theory comprised 16 concepts, 20 propositions, and one diagram. A total of 15 related factors, 29 defining characteristics, six at-risk populations, and one associated condition were indicated to propose the nursing diagnosis for occupational stress. The middle-range theory supported elaborating elements to propose a nursing diagnosis for occupational stress.

Gross Appearance of Fine Needle Aspiration Smears: Can Adequacy of the Sample be Assessed and Correlated with their Microscopic Cytological Yield.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple procedure that is widely accepted as a first-line investigation. It should ideally be performed near the patient with microscopic assessment for evaluation of adequacy of aspirate. Since this is not always possible, a worthwhile substitute is to assess the gross appearance of the material obtained. This study was aimed to determine the value of this alternative rapid, bed-side approach. This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for a duration of 1 year, where 50 cases undergoing FNAC in the out-patient department (OPD) were included. Unstained smears of commonly encountered lesions were photographed and assessed by three independent observers, who graded them into four grades, viz. Grade 1: unlikely to contain diagnostic material. Grade 2: possibly contains diagnostic material. Grade 3: probably contains diagnostic material. Grade 4: material suggesting a specific diagnosis. Results were subsequently compared with the microscopic findings of stained smears. Distribution of the 50 cases between grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 5, 6, 17, and 22, respectively. Gross appearances of FNA smears are helpful in predicting the adequacy of the sample and sometimes the final microscopic diagnosis. The cellularity of a sample can be gauged by inspection and sometimes a likely diagnosis can be made. Some lesions show typical gross appearance easily detected by the experienced eye so a likely diagnosis can be predicted prior to microscopic examination. However, near-patient microscopic assessment of FNA specimens for rapid onsite evaluation, if available, should be the preferred mode.

Sem@K: Is my knowledge graph embedding model semantic-aware?

Using knowledge graph embedding models (KGEMs) is a popular approach for predicting links in knowledge graphs (KGs). Traditionally, the performance of KGEMs for link prediction is assessed using rank-based metrics, which evaluate their ability to give high scores to ground-truth entities. However, the literature claims that the KGEM evaluation procedure would benefit from adding supplementary dimensions to assess. That is why, in this paper, we extend our previously introduced metric Sem@K that measures the capability of models to predict valid entities w.r.t. domain and range constraints. In particular, we consider a broad range of KGs and take their respective characteristics into account to propose different versions of Sem@K. We also perform an extensive study to qualify the abilities of KGEMs as measured by our metric. Our experiments show that Sem@K provides a new perspective on KGEM quality. Its joint analysis with rank-based metrics offers different conclusions on the predictive power of models. Regarding Sem@K, some KGEMs are inherently better than others, but this semantic superiority is not indicative of their performance w.r.t. rank-based metrics. In this work, we generalize conclusions about the relative performance of KGEMs w.r.t. rank-based and semantic-oriented metrics at the level of families of models. The joint analysis of the aforementioned metrics gives more insight into the peculiarities of each model. This work paves the way for a more comprehensive evaluation of KGEM adequacy for specific downstream tasks.

Electromyography Linear and Non-Linear Analyzing to Evaluation of the Rest Times Adequacy between 30 Lumbar Extension Tests for Fatigue Prevention

Electromyography Linear and Non-Linear Analyzing to Evaluation of the Rest Times Adequacy between 30 Lumbar Extension Tests for Fatigue Prevention

1931. Real-world evaluation of adequacy of empiric and definitive therapy in carbapenem susceptible and non-susceptible Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by time to culture result: A multicenter analysis

Abstract Background Infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens are increasingly problematic in healthcare settings and are associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We conducted a multicenter real-world evaluation of culture turn-around time (TAT), associated inadequate empiric (IET) and definitive therapy (IDT) in carbapenem susceptible (Carb-S) and non-susceptible (Carb-NS) Enterobacterales (ENT) and P. aeruginosa (PSA). Methods Hospitalized adults (≥ 18 years old) with facility reported antibiotic susceptibility from 2018-2022 across 161 facilities (BD Insights Research Database, Franklin Lakes, NJ) were identified for non-contaminant Carb-S/Carb-NS ENT and PSA across respiratory, blood, urine, intra-abdominal, skin/wound, and other sources. We evaluated antibacterial therapy as IET (prior to first susceptibility result) and IDT (48hrs post first susceptibility result & not discharged) by culture TAT (date/time first susceptibility results – date/time culture collection). Results We identified 345,245 ENT of which 1.8% (6,174) were Carb-NS and 60,143 PSA of which 17.2% (10,357) were Carb-NS. IDT was lower than IET in Carb-S ENT (12.9% vs. 5.1%), Carb-NS ENT (53.5% vs. 25.2%), Carb-S PSA (28.4% vs. 11.0%), and Carb-NS PSA (53.5% vs. 26.0%) pathogen results. IDT was also lower than IET at each 12-hour increment of availability of susceptibility results (Figure 2) and overall IDT was 25.2% and 26.0% in Carb-NS ENT and Carb-NS PSA, respectively. Median time to positive susceptibility result was longer in Carb-NS ENT vs. Carb-S ENT (67 vs. 53 hrs) and longer in Carb-NS PSA vs. Carb-S PSA (68 vs. 62 hrs) (Table 1, Figure 1). Conclusion There was a reduction in inadequate therapy prescribed once cultures were available (IET to IDT) overall and across each of the 12-hr TAT to susceptibility results periods evaluated in Carb-S and Carb-NS ENT and PSA positive cases. Both IET and IDT were higher in patients with either Carb-NS ENT or Carb-NS PSA than Carb-S patients. However, more than 25% of patients with Carb-NS ENT/PSA were prescribed IDT within 48 hours of a susceptibility result. These data support efforts to improve TAT to susceptibility results and can inform protocols and workflow that guide empiric and definitive therapy. Disclosures Todd Riccobene, PhD, AbbVie: Employee salary|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds ChinEn Ai, MPH, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee Kalvin Yu, MD, FIDSA, BD: Stocks/Bonds Sara Gregory, PhD, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee John L. Lock, PharmD, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Brooke Kim, RN, BSN, MSM, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Vikas Gupta, PharmD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Employee of BD|Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Stocks/Bonds

Evaluation of Feed Consumption and Nutrient Adequacy of Different Breed Bulls at Artificial Insemination Centre – Lembang

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to evaluate the feed consumption and nutrient adequacy of bull breeds at the Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB) Lembang. The study took place over a four-months, utilizing secondary data provided by the Artificial Insemination Centter (AIC) Lembang for the year 2021. The data used included number and breeds of bull, forage types , forage quality, concentrate quality, hay quality, dry matter consumption, protein consumption, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) consumption. The data were recorded monthly and accumulated to provide an average value for the one-year research period. The dry matter consumption of each feed type including both forage and concentrate, served as the basis for determining protein and TDN consumption.The Bull breeds were divided into two groups: large-type bull and small-middle-type bull. The data analysis results showed that the average dry matter consumption of forage and concentrate were 75.10% and 24.90%, respectively, for the large-type cattle and 76.49% and 23.51%, respectively, for the small-middle-type cattle. The total dry matter consumption was 1.16% of body weight for the large-type and 1.55% of body weight for the small-middle-type. The protein consumption for large-type and small-type cattle was 1760 g/head/day and 1520 g/head/day, respectively. These protein consumption values exceeded the NRC (National Research Council) standards by 32.12% and 40.29% for large-type and small-middle-type cattle, respectively. The TDN consumption for large-type and small-middle-type cattle was 7570 g/head/day and 6600 g/head/day, respectively. These TDN values were 17.05% and 26.02% higher than the NRC standards for large-type and small-middle-type cattle, respectively.The findings of this study conclude that the feed provided at the AIC Lembang exceeds the nutrient requirements of both types of male cattle.

The case study methodology in architectural research: evaluation of epistemological adequacy

PurposeThis study sought to populate a concise set of guidelines for use of the case study research methodology and evaluate the adequacy with which the methodology has been used previously within both the positivist and interpretivist domains of architectural research.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the study set out to establish, from the literature, the nature of the case study methodology. Thereafter, a set of guidelines for adequate use of the methodology was populated. The study, then, proceeded to examine selected architectural research papers that had used the case study methodology in order to evaluate the adequacy with which they had used the methodology. The research papers were randomly drawn from two major architectural research journals publishing scholarly work within the positivist and interpretivist paradigms.FindingsWithin the interpretivist domain of architectural research, the study found that there might exist some inadequacy in the way in which the case study methodology has been used.Originality/valueDespite the popularity of the case study methodology, there have only been limited scholarly attempts at developing a set of guidelines with which to evaluate the adequacy of its usage, particularly within the context of architectural research. This lack of a concise set of guidelines might lead to inappropriate usage of the methodology. This study sought to undertake a review of the usage of the methodology within architectural research with two objectives, namely, populating a concise set of guidelines for use of the methodology and evaluating the adequacy with which the methodology has been used previously.

Role of Intraoperative Imaging in Improving Closed Reduction of Zygomatic Arch Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The use of intraoperative imaging (IOI) to improve the reduction adequacy of zygomatic arch (ZMA) fractures has been reported, but few systematic reviews have examined this topic. The aim of this review was to investigate and compare the value of IOI with conventional methods without IOI (N-IOI) for the closed reduction of ZMA fractures. Electronic retrieval of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and citation search until December 2, 2022, was used to identify controlled clinical trials that employed IOI for improving adequacy in closed reduction of ZMA fractures. The predictor variable was the use of IOI-yes/no (IOI vs N-IOI). The covariates included imaging technique (ultrasound, C-arm, and cone beam computed tomography) and ZMA fracture type (M-shape fracture, mechanistic force in 1 direction; variable fracture, mechanistic force in 2 directions). The primary outcome variables were the reduction adequacy of ZMA fractures (the remaining cortical step and dislocation angle) compared with the ideal mirrored position. Weighted or mean differences, risk ratios, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated, where P >.05 and I2＜50% fixed effect model was adopted, and a vice versa random effect model was adopted. A total of 1250 studies were identified, of which 6 studies with 259 participants were included. The meta-analysis results indicated that compared with N-IOI, IOI yielded fewer cortical steps (-1.76 [-2.42, 1.10], P ＜.00001, fixed model) and dislocation angles (-5.60 [-8.08, 3.12], P＜.00001, fixed model) in patients with variable ZMA fractures, while no significant difference was detected in the M-shape ZMA fracture (-0.72, [-2.93, 1.48], P=.52; -1.48, [-3.51, 0.55], P=.15). Although there was no significant difference in postoperative correction (0.35, [0.06, 2.01] P=.24, fixed model), all secondary revision cases occurred in the N-IOI group. Descriptive analysis showed that IOI yielded better symmetry and appearance satisfaction. IOI improved the adequacy of the procedure and led to a better postoperative appearance, especially for patients with variable ZMA fractures. Furthermore, the use of IOI avoided the risk of secondary surgery. In future studies, researchers should standardize the scale and outcomes to facilitate the intuitive evaluation of reduction adequacy.

Do pre-burn center management algorithms work? Evaluation of pre-admission diagnosis and treatment adequacy of burn patients referred to a burn center.

Interventions for burn management until the patient is transferred to a burn center affect mortality and morbidity. Therefore, adherence to the developed algorithms is an important issue. This study aimed to determine deficiencies in different aspects of the implementation of these algorithms during the pre-admission diagnosis and treatment processes of patients referred to our burn center. This study involved a 4-year review of patients referred to our burn center. One hundred and seventy burn cases admitted by referral were enrolled in the study. Adequacy of resuscitation within the first 24 hours, adherence to guidelines, and mortality were investigated. Resuscitation performed within the first 24 hours was found to be inadequate in 88 patients (51.8%). When the burned surface area percentages were evaluated all percentages were calculated higher before arrival. There were 78 major burn cases (45.9%), and the frequency of inhalation burns, intubation requirements and renal failure were more common in this group compared to the minor burn group (P < .001). The frequency of intubation without accurate indications was found to be 70.58%. Inadequate escharotomy was detected at a rate of 52.9%, and inadequate fasciotomy at a rate of 66.6%. The mortality rate was 22.4% among all patients. Interventions undertaken during the period until the patients' referral to these centers affect mortality and morbidity. In this study, it was found that the pre-hospital applications generated were insufficient, and it was proposed that burn patient care algorithms be developed with in-service training throughout the country.

Evaluation of adequacy of lubricants in MQL micro-drilling by a developed analytical model and experiments

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) plays a very important role in providing effective lubrication in micromachining. The present study developed an analytical model to determine whether the given value of MQL flow rate was sufficient or deficient for different cutting conditions in a micro-drilling process. Similar study in micro-drilling is lacking in literature. The model was formulated considering the tool geometry, experimental value of chip thickness and workpiece material properties. The size effect phenomenon was also considered during the development of the model demonstrating the variation of rake angle in ploughing, transition and shearing regions of the micro-drilling process. It was observed that the required area of lubrication increased with feed from 1 to 8 μm/rev in the ploughing region and decreased in transition and shearing regimes. The size of the MQL droplets was experimentally determined to calculate the effective number of droplets impinging on the target area. Thereafter, the total effective wetting area was found out using the effective number of droplets and wetting area. Finally, the required area of lubrication and total effective wetting area were compared to determine the condition of sufficiency or deficiency. On transition from ploughing to shearing region, there was variation in the sufficiency and deficiency conditions of the given MQL flow rate at different cutting conditions of feed and spindle speed. The study clearly indicated that the condition of sufficiency of MQL flow rate could be consistently accomplished during micro-drilling under the higher cutting condition of feed and spindle speed.

Evidence Based Nursing On Mobile Health Dialysis For The Independent Evaluations Of Hemodyalisis Adequacy In Chronic Renal Failure

(Evidence Base Nursing Use Of Mobile Health Dialysis For Independent Evaluation of Hemodialysis Adequation In Patiens With Chronic Renal Failure) Introduction : Adequacy of hemodialysis is the fulfillment of hemodialysis doses according to the needs of the patient which is characterized by the patient feeling better, comfortable and the patient's life span is getting longer. If the dose of hemodialysis is insufficient, the patient will experience various disorders such as shortness of breath, headaches, leg cramps, nausea and vomiting, hypotension and pruritis. There is a strong relationship between adequate hemodialysis and morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney failure. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of using mobile health dialysis for independent evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy in patients with chronic kidney failure Methods: This literature study uses the PRISMA approach. PICO is used to make systematic payments. The database searches used included Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, Pubmed and Wiley Online Library with the selected keywords. Results: several reviewed articles show that eHealth interventions can improve the management of sodium intake, food and fluid management. In addition, the mHealth intervention showed neutral to positive results in the management of chronic dialysis patients, and reported no significant increase in dialysis specific measures and some components of quality of life assessment. Another study shows that dietary interventions delivered via telehealth can improve the clinical and nutritional parameters of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: The use of mobile health dialysis is effective for independent evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy in patients with chronic kidney failure.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Adequacy of hemodialysis, hemodialysis, mobile health&#x0D;

Evaluation of the Medical Resource Allocation: Evidence from China.

Medical resource allocation is an increasingly crucial issue. It is vital to understand residents' (people living in the local area) evaluation of it. This study explores residents' evaluation of medical resource allocation and its determinants with the dimensions of medical resource adequacy, balance, publicness, and accessibility. We used data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS). Binary logistic regression models were constructed from the four dimensions separately, and we compared the differences among them. The study's results showed that accessibility and publicness are the highest and lowest dimensions of residents' evaluation, respectively. The high evaluation of social equity may be a positive contributor to a higher evaluation of publicness and accessibility. The central region residents had the lowest evaluation of adequacy (OR = 0.697, p = 0.010) and balance (OR = 0.642, p = 0.008). To sum up, perceived social equity, social trust, and social class are crucial factors. Based on the results, the government should strengthen the supervision of the medical market, increase financial support for the health field in the central region, and establish a multi-level medical security system that may help optimize the allocation.

Evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy using urea reduction rate and related factors in Iranian patients’ undergoing hemodialysis in Guilan, Iran

Introduction: Dialysis quality is an important factor in reducing inability and mortality in chronic kidney failure patients and can enhance their life quality and social activity. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to examine the efficacy of dialysis based on urea reduction rate (URR) and the associated factors in hemodialysis patients due to the lack of clarity on the adequacy of dialysis. Patients and Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 344 hemodialysis patients over 18 years and referred to seven dialysis centers in Guilan, Iran. The adequacy of dialysis was obtained using URR (&gt;65%) criteria. Results: The mean URR of studied patients was 63 ±10.4%. The desirable dialysis adequacy was reached in 45.9% of the patients. There was a significant negative association between URR and BMI (r= -0.155, P =0.005). Patients who had normal calcium levels had significantly higher URR adequacy than patients with abnormal calcium levels ( P &lt;0.001). The URR criterion was contrariwise associated to blood pressure before and after dialysis ( P &lt;0.05). There was a significant association between the length of the time, patients underwent dialysis (in year) and URR (R=125, P =0.023). Conclusion: This study indicated that URR is a desirable criterion for dialysis adequacy, which was associated with blood pressure, serum calcium level and body mass index (BMI). These findings suggest providing treatment strategies based on these findings to enhance the effect of dialysis adequacy.

Society for Education and the Advancement of Research in Connected Health SEARCH 2022 – The National Telehealth Research Symposium Abstracts Virtual Meeting November 16–18, 2022

Society for Education and the Advancement of Research in Connected Health SEARCH 2022 – The National Telehealth Research Symposium Abstracts Virtual Meeting November 16–18, 2022

Ankara Göksu Parkının Kullanan Kişiler Tarafından Alan Yeterliliğinin Tespit Edilmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi

It is one of the biggest city parks of Ankara, which people can easily reach in daily use, walking, jogging, sitting, picnicking, playing etc. Göksu Park, which provides opportunities for activities such as, is built on the old Susuz pond in Eryaman. The park was opened in 2003. In this study, a 3-stage method was applied to determine and evaluate the area adequacy of the park. In the first stage, the first picture selection was made with the team of landscape architects in the park, using the nominal group technique, among the photographs taken in the area, obtained from the municipality and received the most likes from social media accounts with many followers. In the second stage, the criteria for the evaluation of field adequacy with the Delphi technique were determined by consulting the faculty members in the Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, who were selected as experts on the subject. Then, using the observation and comparison tables, the survey questions were prepared and after the application of the survey to the visitor group and park staff, as the third step, the survey data was based on whether the difference between the observed frequencies (OF) and expected frequencies (EF) was statistically significant with the help of SPSS 25 statistical program. Chi-square independence analysis, which is a test, and linear regression analysis were performed. By counting the frequencies, the relevant photographs will be examined and the relationship between density and field adequacy has been interpreted. With this study, it will contribute to the plans and designs of new projects so that the green areas and parks that people need due to the increasing population and urbanization can be used adequately in the future.

Indirect self-destructiveness in women with schizophrenia

Background: Many authors emphasise the influence of gender differences on mental health and the course and experience of mental illness, and/or postulate a gendered perspective in mental health research. Research holistically considering indirect selfdestructiveness in women with schizophrenia is hard to find in the international literature; studies have been performed on the sole basis of some discrete manifestations of indirect self-destructiveness. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the indirect self-destructiveness syndrome and its categories in women with schizophrenia. Method: A group of 125 women with paranoid schizophrenia, aged 27–57, were examined by using the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS); for comparison, a group of 175 men with schizophrenia and a sociodemographically well-matched group of 125 healthy women were examined. Results: The intensity of indirect self-destructiveness and most of its categories were found to be greater in the group of women with schizophrenia compared to men with schizophrenia (transgression, poor health maintenance, personal and social neglects) and healthy women (transgression, personal and social neglects, lack of planfulness, helplessness). Nevertheless, women with schizophrenia displayed signs of better psychosocial adjustment than schizophrenic men. Conclusions: Comprehensive therapeutic, i.e. psychiatric, psychological and social, interventions should serve to enhance the “self ” defence and self-care functions, and improve the evaluation of adequacy and efficiency in women with schizophrenia. Working with such patients towards increasing their life satisfaction, although life did not spare them suffering, seems to be equally important in (psycho) therapy. The mobilisation and orientation of their actions towards those in favour of their development and health appear as crucial.