European Prisoners Research Articles

Managing inclusion or preparing for exclusion? A critical examination of gender-responsive management of female Central and Eastern European prisoners in England and Wales

Managing inclusion or preparing for exclusion? A critical examination of gender-responsive management of female Central and Eastern European prisoners in England and Wales

Managing inclusion or preparing for exclusion? A critical examination of gender-responsive management of female Central and Eastern European prisoners in England and Wales

This article examines practitioner understandings and implementation of gender-responsive support within female prisons in England and Wales in the context of a growing emphasis on effective deportation of foreign national prisoners. Drawing on a case study of female prisoners from Central and Eastern states of the European Union (EU), we argue that the aims of gender-responsivity, designed to address women's gendered vulnerabilities to support their re-entry in the UK, are pragmatically re-shaped to accommodate the uncertainty surrounding their immigration status. We show how in practice, gender-responsive support functions at best to ‘manage’ gendered needs of women who are ‘not of interest’ to immigration authorities, and at worst to legitimate exclusion by side-lining vulnerabilities of women deemed as having ‘no right to remain’ in the UK. This occurs in the context of limited access to legal redress to challenge deportation decisions, unevenly spread resources in the female prison estate, and practitioners’ occupational cultures which emphasise paternalistic valuations of female foreign national prisoners’ femininity. We locate the findings in criminological debates about ‘gendering of borders’ and conclude with a reflection on the implications for advocacy at the time of increasingly restrictive immigration controls following the UK's exit from the EU.

Mental health treatments in an Italian prison: the Parma integrated approach

IntroductionMental health interventions for Italian (and European) prisoners with mental disorders remain a problematic issue, despite radical changes in general psychiatric care and a 2008 major government reform transferring mental health care in prison to the National Health Service. Indeed, according to the American Psychological Association, 64% of incarcerated individuals report mental health concerns.Objectives The aim of this study is to describe the mental health intervention model implemented since January 2020 for prisoners allocated in the Parma Penitentiary Institutes (PPI). This approach is specifically based on specialized, “person-centered” and “person-tailored” therapeutic-rehabilitation plans in line with psychiatric treatments usually provided in community mental health-care centers of the Parma Department of Mental Health.MethodsAll the processes and procedures included in the PPI intervention model were first carefully described, paying special attention to the service for newly admitted prisoners and each typology of specialized therapeutic-rehabilitation treatment potentially provided. Additionally, a preliminary descriptive process analysis of the first six months of clinical activity was also performed.Results Since January 2020, 178 individuals entered the PPI service for newly admitted prisoners. In total, 83 (46.7%) of them were engaged in the services of the PPI mental health-care team (35 with pathological addiction and 48 with mental disorders): 56 prisoners were offered an integrated mental health intervention and 27 exclusively an individual psychological or psychiatric treatment.ConclusionsThe results support the potential applicability of an integrated mental health intervention in prison, planning a person-tailored rehabilitation in close collaboration with the prisoners, their families and the local mental health/social services.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Oral health in prison: an integrative review.

Prisoners' oral health is an often overseen, yet important aspect of the general health of prisoners. To develop effective measures to improve the situation, it is important to get an overview of existing research. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse existing research on oral health of prisoners and provide a thorough understanding of prisoners' oral health and related factors. Due to relatively few scientific papers on prisoners' oral health, an integrative review was chosen. Integrative reviews allow for the inclusion of diverse methodologies. A literature search was conducted, followed by an assessment of the quality of the studies by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the studies. The few studies addressing European prisoners' oral health in the last 21 years differ in design and methodology. The results from this review indicate that prisoners' oral health is a complex phenomenon and should be understood from both individual and organisational perspectives. More research is needed to bridge the gap in the literature on prisoners' oral health. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first literature review on European prisoners' oral health.

Imprisonment and Citizenship in Senegal, 1917–1946: The Case of the Originaires

This paper examines the incarceration of the Originaires in colonial Senegal to illuminate how imprisonment had shaped or altered their French citizenship rights in prisons. Among the prison population in colonial Senegal were some Originaires, the residents of the Four Communes who were granted French citizenship rights as early as 1833, a status that remained ambiguous until 1916 when a new law made them full-pledged French citizens. But the colonial government restrictions on access to full French citizenship rights in the Four Communes compelled the Originaires to mobilize to defend those rights. Their struggle found a breeding ground in the colonial prisons where some Originaire prisoners made two types of claims: to equality with European prisoners based on notions of birthright citizenship and cultural claims to being a different category of prisoners that deserved differential treatment compared to “natives.” By building their requests for equal admission to the European regime around the violation of their citizenship rights, this study will demonstrate that Originaire prisoners made arguments that tied their claims-making specifically to race and status without losing sight of the cultural differences between themselves and “native” prisoners, all in the context of a racially segregated prison world.

DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR GERMANY AND AUSTRIA – HUNGARY PRISONERS OF THE AULIEATA COUNTY

The First World War was the largest event in the history of mankind, which had a significant impact on the fate of many peoples, including states. One of the main factors was the capture of troops and individuals on the front of the war between warring states and the flight of soldiers as a result of the war. During the war, neighboring states, political allies captured each other's armies and citizens. The capture of citizens of each other took place between the Entente and the central powers. The Russian Empire, which was part of the Entente and was considered the main participant in the war, detained people from the central powers. Citizens of the central powers captured during the war were sent to all regions of the Russian Empire, which also extended to the steppe and Turkestan provinces. Based on this, the Turkestan Territory was considered one of the key regions of the Russian Empire, in which Europeans were accepted. In the era of the empire, European prisoners lived in the Aulieata district of the Turkestan governor general in the SyrDarya region. Representatives of European nationality have lived in the region since the end of the nineteenth century, and this continued during the years of the First World War. During World War I, the Aulieatа district was considered one of the districts where European prisoners and refugees were received. Although the number of prisoners of war from the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) in the Aulieatа district is small, traces of political prisoners of war still remain from these states. The article discusses the history of prisoners of war deported to Aulieata district during the war years. The socio-political status of the citizens of Germany and Austria-Hungary who arrived in Aulieatа County, their life is studied. The nationality and surname of the captives will be determined, and their standard of living will be determined.

Examining the Fear of Victimization among Taiwanese Inmates

Inmates have reported to have experienced the fear of victimization when they were incarcerated. Prior studies support the association among fear, victimization, and violence in correctional institutes. Research on prisoner’s fear of victimization has tended to focus mainly on either individual or structural factors, but rarely have both sources been examined simultaneously. Moreover, most of what is known about prison victimization and, in particular, inmates’ fear of victimization has emerged from studies among American and European prisoners. This study adds to this line of research by examining the fear of victimization in a large sample of Taiwanese inmates, using multi-level models that explore both individual and architectural factors of custodial institutions. Findings showed that both individual- and aggregate-level variables are important for explaining inmates’ fear of other inmates, whereas the aggregate-level variables are more important for understanding inmates’ fear of correctional officers. Findings also revealed that inmates with different characteristics perceive a distinct fear of victimization in different custody locations. More importantly, findings indicated several unique results within the Eastern context compared to the Western literature. Future research directions and policy implications have been made.

Exploring Educational Opportunities for Foreign National Prisoners in Europe

ABSTRACTTo gain insight into the educational opportunities for European foreign national prisoners, an online survey was distributed among educational providers and prison managers (N = 108). The results demonstrate that courses for learning domestic languages are most frequently offered. Other educational courses mostly relate to primary education and psychosocial courses. Based on the online survey, four organizations are investigated in depth to gain more information about how they work. We conducted 12 semi-structured individual and one group interview with professionals and prisoners. The results of the hybrid thematic analysis showed that different models exist to organize education for FNPs. The findings make contribution to the development of European pilot projects that provide distance education to FNPs offered by their home country.

Архивные документы о европейских военнопленных Первой мировой войны в Семиреченской области Туркестанского генерал-губернаторства (Case study)

The article uses the method of case study and draws on documents discovered by the authors in the fonds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (TsSA RK) to reconstruct the captivity in Semirechye of a party of prisoners of war from German and Austro-Hungarian armies. The purpose of this work is to study microhistory and history of the everyday life of the European prisoners of World War I in Kazakhstan: their welfare and economic conditions, social and ethno-confessional relations in their world, their interactions with local population, material evidence of their activity, which is still partially preserved in present-day Almaty. The authors have drawn on the following types of sources: archival documents and photographs from the fonds of the TsSA RK (some of them are introduced into scientific use for the first time); materials of periodicals of the studied period; statistical data, etc. Analysis of these sources allows to reconstruct the full picture of captivity of a group of European POWs in the Semirechye Oblast of the Turkestan General Governorship. The POWs participated in road laying and road repair in Verny and in the Pishpek uezd. Their living conditions, although comfortless, little differed from those of the local population. When at work, the POWs were provided with hot meals, which were even modified according to their national tastes. Medical services were elementary and fell almost completely to the POWs themselves. Their treatment by locals was ambiguous, but not hostile. There seemed to be no ideological tinting to their interactions with building authorities or locals. In the authors’ opinion, to reconstruct a more complete and detailed picture of interactions and mutual influences of different races, every one which had their own influence on the course of the Kazakhstan history, further research is necessary.

“The Enemy Within Never Did Without”: German and Japanese Prisoners of War at Camp Huntsville, 1942–1945 ed. by Jeffrey L. Littlejohn and Charles H. Ford

Reviewed by: “The Enemy Within Never Did Without”: German and Japanese Prisoners of War at Camp Huntsville, 1942–1945 ed. by Jeffrey L. Littlejohn and Charles H. Ford Martin T. Olliff “The Enemy Within Never Did Without”: German and Japanese Prisoners of War at Camp Huntsville, 1942–1945. Edited by Jeffrey L. Littlejohn and Charles H. Ford. (Huntsville: Texas Review Press, 2015. Pp. viii, 162. Paper, $18.95, ISBN 978-1-68003-028-0.) This study of the World War II prisoner of war (POW) camp at Huntsville, Texas, combines academic and public history nicely. It emerged from a 2012 seminar about the POW camp taught by Jeffrey L. Littlejohn at Sam Houston State University and incorporates work from his students, but it also came about from the desire of the community to remember the camp as well as the (unstated) desire of the university community to document its Country Campus [End Page 971] that occupied the site of the camp into the 1960s. Editors Littlejohn and his writing partner, Charles H. Ford of Norfolk State University in Virginia, organize the short narrative into six chapters that track the camp’s existence from its origins through its postwar existence, followed by a full transcript of the Geneva Convention of 1929 and endnotes. The work contains neither a bibliography, largely because it relies heavily on primary sources from the National Archives, nor an index. Each chapter is well illustrated and divided by subheadings, which make the first chapter about the camp’s origins seem syncopated. The study becomes more sustained in the next three chapters concerning European internees; this section is the book’s real strength as well as its greatest appeal to readers outside the local community. Chapter 2 discusses the arrival of Afrika Korps prisoners in 1943 and their daily lives, camp conditions, diet, and the use of prisoners as labor for the local cotton and timber industries. Chapter 3 deals with the domination of the camp population by hard-core Nazi prisoners, a prison riot, and the baffling response of camp commanders to transfer anti-Nazi German prisoners even though Camp Alva, Oklahoma, was designated to receive the Nazis. Chapter 4 examines the history and morality of political reeducation of prisoners that occurred in the wake of the riot in November 1943. When Germany surrendered in May 1945, all European prisoners were repatriated or transferred. After Japan surrendered, Camp Huntsville took in either 160 or 205 (the authors are unclear) Japanese prisoners between October and December 1945 to reeducate them in an attempt to instill American democratic values into postwar Japanese society. This experiment was spearheaded by the State Department’s John Emmerson and involved Sam Houston State Teacher College faculty. Chapter 5 provides an incisive critique of the reeducation program, but its discussion of this fascinating episode is hampered by the short time the Japanese prisoners were at the camp and the dearth of sources compared with those concerning German and Italian prisoners. “The Enemy Within Never Did Without”: German and Japanese Prisoners of War at Camp Huntsville, 1942–1945 expands our knowledge of POW camps scattered across the United States. The story of the Huntsville camp’s origins and its European prisoners comports with similar histories of other camps, and the history of its Japanese reeducation program raises a number of intriguing research questions. The book would have benefited from a stronger editorial hand, as its narrative is slightly uneven and contains some noticeable typographical errors. In addition, the title is not satisfactorily explained, though the narrative alludes to it. Nevertheless, the study is a good model for collaborative historical publication and a worthwhile addition to the literature. Martin T. Olliff Troy University Copyright © 2016 The Southern Historical Association

The colonial city in the postcolonial era

The Black Hole of Calcutta was once known throughout the English-speaking world as a dark dungeon in which many European prisoners were suffocated to death by an Indian ruler. A monument was built in Calcutta in 1760 to commemorate this event, but it was pulled down in 1821. It was rebuilt by the viceroy Curzon in 1902 in the era of high imperialism. But Indian nationalists had the monument removed in 1940. This essay looks at the ideological history of empire in the last 250 years by tracing the travels of this monument in a postcolonial city. It shows that academic history and popular memory have a strong influence on each other.

Traumatization and mental distress in long-term prisoners in Europe

This article investigates the prevalence of traumatization and mental distress in a sample of 1055 male European long-term prisoners as part of a wider study of the living conditions of prisoners serving sentences of at least five years in Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Spain and Sweden. Data were collected in a written survey using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) as well as questions on attempted suicide and auto-aggressive behaviour. Participants experienced a mean of three traumatic events, with 14 per cent developing a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) subsequently. In each national sample, more than 50 per cent of the participants were in need of treatment because of psychological symptoms and nearly one-third had attempted suicide.

Validation of Brief Screening Tools for Mental Disorders Among New Zealand Prisoners

Validation of Brief Screening Tools for Mental Disorders Among New Zealand Prisoners

Napoleon's Lost Legions: French Prisoners of War in Britain, 1803–1814

AbstractDuring the Napoleonic Wars, over 100,000 French prisoners of war were held captive in Britain. These prisoners remain a marginal group in the military history of the period, yet they represent a key turning point in the history of European prisoners of war, and their predicament offers insights into the nature of the French Revolution. This article considers the treatment and experiences of French prisoners, and in particular seeks to understand the circumstances surrounding their long‐term captivity. Unlike eighteenth‐century prisoners of war, prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars remained captive for the duration of the conflict, unable to return home through the traditional means of prisoner exchange or officer parole. This radical departure from the past gave rise to the modern practice of interning prisoners of war for the entire duration of a war. This historic shift was, on the one level, a result of the actions of one man – Napoleon Bonaparte. Yet, as this article highlights, it must also be understood as part of the long‐term social and cultural legacy of the French Revolution.

Heitor Villa-Lobos: A Life (1887-1959) (review)

"Tupi or not Tupi?" So queried the Brazilian writer Oswald de Andrade in his "Anthropophagous Statement" of 1928, which held that Brazilians should not merely imitate European culture but digest it on their own terms, like the Tupi Indians who ate their European prisoners so as to absorb their power (cited in John King, Sur: A Study of the Argentine Literary Journal and Its Role in the Development of a Culture, 1931-1970 [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986], 19). Heitor Villa-Lobos's long career can be seen as a multifaceted response to Andrade's quip. Highly regarded [End Page 633] in Paris and the United States, Villa-Lobos took the lead in defining Brazilian art music both through his prolific, if uneven, output and, from 1930, his service in the Ministry of Education under Getúlio Vargas. A flamboyant personality, the composer has been the subject of several books, including those by Vasco Mariz (Heitor Villa-Lobos, compositor brasileiro, 11th ed. [Belo Horizonte: Itataia, 1989]) and, from beyond Brazil, by Lisa M. Peppercorn (Villa-Lobos [New York: Omnibus Press, 1989]; Villa-Lobos: The Music: An Analysis of His Style [London: Kayn & Averill, 1991]), Simon Wright (Villa-Lobos [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992]), and Gérard Béhague (Heitor Villa-Lobos: The Search for Brazil's Musical Soul [Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas at Austin, 1994]).

Tuberculosis in liberated European political prisoners of war; pathological study of 87 fatal cases.

Tuberculosis in liberated European political prisoners of war; pathological study of 87 fatal cases.

Ethiopia and the War From the Ethiopian Point of View1

A clear view of Ethiopia as it is to-day can, I think, only be seen against a background of the history of the country during the last fifty years, that is to say, from the time when Lord Napier led his expedition there in 1868. That expedition is of interest in the present situation for two points. It has several times been mentioned to me that Lord Napier had no trouble in crossing the country, which is much the same country the Italians are crossing in the North, and that therefore it was hard to understand why the Italians should meet with so much difficulty. I think the answer is that the Italians are being received there not exactly as friends, and they are unquestionably going to meet with very severe opposition indeed. Lord Napier, on the other hand, was hailed by most of the natives as a deliverer from the Emperor Theodore, who was a despised and hated tyrant at that time. The other interesting point about the Napier expedition is the effect that it had on Abyssinian opinion of the English people. More than once it has been pointed out to me by the natives that Lord Napier, whose expedition was the last occasion on which they really had any considerable dealings with the British, had said when he entered Ethiopia that, when he had got to Magdala and released the European prisoners there, he would immediately evacuate the country. The Abyssinians add that when Lord Napier's expedition had been successful and the English were in a position to follow up their advantage to any extent they wished, they were as good as their word; they immediately left the country, and the Abyssinians say to this day that the word of the English is to be trusted. After the Emperor Theodore's death, John came to the throne of Abyssinia. His reign was not in any way spectacular and twenty years later he was killed in battle by the Moslem Dervishes. Then the Emperor Menelik II came to the throne. Menelik was the first man to try to centralise the government

Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India for 1919, with appendices and returns of sickness and mortality among European Troops, Indian Troops and prisoners in India for the year. — Calcutta, Superintendant Government printing, 1921. In-fol., v-156, XXIX–161 p., pl.

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Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India for 1917 with appendices and returns of sickness and mortality among european troops, indian troops and prisoners in India for the year.—Calcutta, Superintendant Government printing, India, 1919. In-fol., v-146, xxix-137 p., pl.

Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India for 1917 with appendices and returns of sickness and mortality among european troops, indian troops and prisoners in India for the year.—Calcutta, Superintendant Government printing, India, 1919. In-fol., v-146, xxix-137 p., pl.