European Printing Research Articles

Chromolithography Printing Technique and Examinatıon of Application Examples in Some European Printing Houses in the 19th Century

Chromolithography Printing Technique and Examinatıon of Application Examples in Some European Printing Houses in the 19th Century

Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review

Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.

Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review

Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.

Ancient Histories of Rome in Sixteenth-Century England: A Reconsideration of Their Printing and Circulation

This essay addresses the printing and circulation of ancient histories in England before 1600. A detailed case study in the context of wider European printing trends, it focuses on the significance of historians of Rome in particular, drawing on a new statistical analysis of the printing of ancient historians across Europe derived from the Universal Short Title Catalogue. Demonstrating new patterns of print popularity, the essay provides a nuanced understanding of the role histories of Rome played in early modern political culture and aims to facilitate more precise studies of the importance and popularity of individual historians, such as Livy, Plutarch, and Tacitus—both in England and in Europe.

Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC): The International Database of 15th-century European Printing. Database

This is a review of the Database of Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC): The International Database of 15th-century European Printing

The British Library, with contributions from institutions worldwide. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC): The International Database of 15th-century European Printing. Database.

The British Library, with contributions from institutions worldwide. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC): The International Database of 15th-century European Printing. Database.

On a Particular Aspect of the Identification of Tibetan Xylographs: Preliminary Remarks on the Importance of Craftsmen

This essay briefly discusses the early history of Tibetan printing by comparing some facets of this subject with the European phenomenon. Printing started to be a means of dissemination of texts in Tibet and Europe at roughly the same time. Recent research indicates that although printing in Tibet does not seem to have had the kind of socially transformative effects highlighted in Elisabeth Eisenstein’s study, it did have some important consequences and also similarities with the European printing history. This article also presents a Marie Sklodowska Curie project on Tibetan xylographs entitled Tibetan Book Evolution and Technology (TiBET), which was carried out at the University of Cambridge (Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit) from 2013 to 2015. This paper focuses in particular on one of the aspects of the above-mentioned project, that is to say, the craftsmen who worked on sixteenth century xylographs and their importance for the identification of Tibetan prints. These artists were allowed to sign their work, a peculiarity that was typical of the earliest stage of printing and is extremely relevant for locating the printing house where a certain xylograph was produced. By comparing the different signatures and patterns of carving, writing or drawing, we might learn to distinguish the diverse style of each artist. This would help us in identifying those who worked on xylographs that lack signatures and do not mention them in colophons. From these prints we can also extract information about the craftsmen and the printing projects with which they were associated.

Granjon’s Flowers: An Enquiry into Granjon’s, Giolito’s, and de Tournes’ Ornaments, 1542–1586. By Hendrik D. L. Vervliet

Hendrik Vervliet has been writing on european printing types for over fifty years, since working on type specimens with Harry Carter and John Dreyfus in the 1960s. His book on Civilité Types, co-authored by Harry Carter (Oxford Biblio graphical Society, 1966), was a model investigation into the origins and distribution of one of the distinctive vernacular faces of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Sixteenth-Century Printing Types of the Low Countries (Amsterdam, 1968) examined a wide range of surviving typographical material in the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp and its contemporary distribution throughout Europe, providing a methodology for recording printing types in their historical perspective. The Bibliographical Society has been the vehicle for some of his publications, including an article on ‘Robert Estienne’s Printing Types’ (The Library, v, 2 (2004), 107-75) and a substantial monograph on French Renaissance Printing Types: A Conspectus (2010). A collection of his articles entitled The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance: Selected Papers on Sixteenth-Century Typefaces was reviewed by James Mosley (The Library, xii, 2 (2011), 175-78).

Book history, print, and the Middle East

AbstractThis article describes how the study of Middle Eastern book history arose from scholarship on the history of the book, a multifaceted line of inquiry which developed around the early modern European experience of print. I argue that these origins influenced Middle Eastern book history insofar as it took the topic of printing as its main focus. However, an unevenness characterized this focus since European printing became commonplace from the early sixteenth century onwards, whereas printing in the Middle East took off during the nineteenth century. The 400 years that separated these phenomena marked the rise of modern Europe, which print was considered to have helped advance. These years were also interpreted as representing the decline of the Islamicate world until it modernized along a Western model, including its widespread adoption of print. Focusing largely on scholarship written in English, I summarize the effects that such thinking has had in shaping Middle Eastern book history, and then conclude with my sense of the state of current research.

Baker Packaging, Inc

Students consider which capital budgeting approach to take when evaluating a packaging manufacturer's joint venture proposal. Suitable for MBA and undergraduate students, the case presents a scenario in which a lack of short-term profits and the resulting lack of tax payments could make adjusted present value a better choice than weighted average cost of capital. Students also consider how to value the industrial bond financing that would fund construction of a new plant. A supplemental student spreadsheet is available (UVA-F-1624X). Excerpt UVA-F-1624 Rev. Jan. 18, 2011 Baker Packaging, Inc. Tom Hanes of Baker Packaging, Inc., had just finished reviewing the materials for the new joint venture with Thurston, Inc., a large European printing firm. The proposal was for the development of a new packaging and printing plant to be built in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Even though the company had always used a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approach to evaluate capital budgeting projects, Hanes was concerned the analysis might not capture all of the proposal's nuances. His concerns centered on the fact that the project would sustain losses in the early years, which would mean no tax payments. In addition, he had some questions concerning how much value to attribute to the industrial revenue bond (IRB) financing that was being used to fund the project. Baker Packaging management needed to make a decision by December 15, 2010. It was already December 1, so Hanes knew he had little time to completehis review. The Company Baker Packaging was founded by John and Karen Baker in 1985 in Medford, Massachusetts. Previously, Karen had been a corporate lawyer for a large multinational company. Her husband, John, trained as an engineer, had worked 15 years at Federal Paper Board Company, Inc., and he believed Federal was not taking full advantage of developing technologies. The couple started their own company with the aim of fully integrating new technology into what had been up to that point a relatively labor-intensive process. Sales had grown from about $ 100,000 in the initial year to over $ 50 million. Baker Packaging operated five plants that produced packaging and paper products for a number of large consumer products companies. (See Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2 for Baker's recent financial information.) . . .

The Design of the Golden Legend: English Printing in a European Context

The first 100 years of printing in Europe was a vibrant period full of innovation and adaptation. Continental printers controlled the production of Latin books, many of which were imported into England. English printers worked hard to create an audience for their editions and achieved,this by adopting specific design features from the Latin editions. Yet despite this connection, English printing is often studied in separation from European printing. This article studies the Golden Legend, a hagiographic text popular throughout England and Europe, and shows that the two traditions were interrelated, especially in book design. On the continent, printers found themselves in a crowded marketplace and some adopted established designs to target a particular audience. In contrast, English printers were inspired by the design of continental books. Design was governed by the intended audience but not restricted to national demarcations. Not only was English printing integrated with European printing, it sustained a distinctive character while remaining part of the European tradition.

Dutch Printer and Publisher Joan Blaeu II (1650–1712) Identified as the Subject of a Portrait by Michiel van Musscher (1645–1705)

The most famous seventeenth-century European printing, publishing, and cartography firm was that of the Blaeu family of Amsterdam. Founded c. 1599 by Willem Jansz Blaeu (1571–1638), it was continued through three generations by his son, Joan Blaeu I (1596–1673), and his grandsons, including Joan Blaeu II (1650–1712). Joan Blaeu II, along with his brother Peter (1637–1706), led the firm after the dual disasters of a fire that destroyed the printing plant in 1672, and the death of their father in 1673. The family gradually liquidated inventory, finally selling the printing shop in 1678. Joan II later would hold a number of civic positions. Although images of Willem Jansz. Blaeu and his son Joan Blaeu I are known, no depictions of Joan Blaeu II have been identified. The Amsterdam portraitist Michiel van Musscher (1645–1705) had painted a number of members of the Blaeu family including posthumous portraits of Joan I and his wife, Gertrude Vermeulen. This report presents evidence that a Van Musscher portrait of a previously unknown gentleman now can be identified by the artistic imagery included in the painting as a portrait of Joan Blaeu II. This imagery reflects his work as a printer, his civic position, and his connection to the Blaeu firm through its printer’s mark. This mark, used for the duration of the firm, was a distinctive design adopted by Willem Jansz. Blaeu c. 1622, and it pays homage to his scientific mentor and astronomical genius of the day, Tyco Brahe (1546–1601).

Aproximación al paratexto de las ediciones de «Las obras de Boscán y algunas de Garcilaso»

This essay analyzes, according to G. Genette’s definition of paratext, the paratextual elements (prologues, dedications, indexes) of the different editions of the Boscan’s work published in 16th century European printing houses. Through the comparison of copies in the Biblioteca Nacional de España, this analysis reveals several aspects of the cultural and editorial context and concludes that these editions, that present a poor typography, were devoted to an editorial consuming market where the mediation of the editor / printer and the competitiveness in the editorial marked of the century were capital.

German: biography of a language

Preface Introduction: What this book covers Chapter One: Germanic Beginnings: Early Ancestors in Denmark Timeline : From the earliest settlements in northern Europe to the beginning of the Christian era Sidebars: 1. Indo-European: Protolanguage and culture 2. The First Sound Shift 3. Language contact and language change: The case of Finland Chapter Two: The Germanic Languages Survive the Romans: The Battle of Kalkriese Timeline: From the beginning of the Christian era to the end of the Western Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages Sidebars: 1. The Germanic tribes 2. The Goths and the Gothic language 3. The Celts Chapter Three: A Fork in the Road: Germanic languages separate into Low and High Timeline: From the beginning of the Middle Ages to the Protestant Reformation Sidebars: 1. The Second Sound Shift 2. The Vikings: Raiders, traders, and neighbors 3. The Germanen go to England: The Anglo-Saxons and the English language 4. Yiddish: The creation of a new Germanic language Chapter Four: A perfect storm, and the birth of Standard German Timeline: From the beginning of the Reformation to the beginning of the First Industrial Revolution Sidebars: 1. The Thirty Years' War 2. The Reformation 3. The history of European printing Chapter Five: The German language gets a state Timeline: From the Unification of Germany to the beginning of World War I Sidebars: 1. The revolution of 1848 Chapter Six: Postwar Comeback Times Two: German Begins to Recover after a Fall from grace Timeline: From the end of World War I to the present Sidebars: 1. Spelling Reforms 2. Early Germanic language in a deep freeze: The case of Icelandic Bibliography

Books for the Masses: The Amsterdam Yiddish Book Industry, 1650-1800

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Amsterdam functioned as the European printing centre of Yiddish books. Texts in the Ashkenazi vernacular were published in the city for the benefit of the local reading public, and these books were also distributed throughout the Ashkenazi diaspora, in central and eastern Europe. Two basic guidelines directed the work of Yiddish book agents in Amsterdam: printing was considered a service to Ashkenazim and their communities: nevertheless, printing of Yiddish books also needed to be a commercially sustainable project. Therefore, books dealing with religion, tradition and didactical literature comprised the majority of the printed output. These were considered as practical (printed in Yiddish for the benefit of the masses who could not read Hebrew) and thus their production also included a commercial logic. Between circa 1650 and 1800 more than 500 Yiddish books were published, including texts in various genres. The modernization process that encompassed Jewish communities in Western Europe also signalled the downfall of Yiddish book production in Amsterdam, and the end of a period of Yiddish literature composed and published in West Yiddish, a dialect that was pushed aside by the emerging Eastern European, modern, Yiddish.

Did you miss the IMI Europe 11th Annual Ink Jet Printing Conference or the 1st European UV Ink Jet Printing Conference?

Did you miss the IMI Europe 11th Annual Ink Jet Printing Conference or the 1st European UV Ink Jet Printing Conference?

Comment

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The Japanese and the Jesuits: Alessandro Valignano in Sixteenth-Century Japan.

The Japanese and the Jesuits examines the attempt by sixteenth century Jesuits to convert the Japanese to Christianity. Directing the Jesuits was the Italian Alessandro Valignano, whose own magisterial writings, many of them not previously translated or published, are the principle source material for this account of one of the most remarkable of all meetings between East and West. Valignano arrived in Japan in 1579. In promoting Christianity, he always sought the support of the ruling classes, but an important part of his strategy was also to have the missionaries adapt themselves thoroughly to Japanese customs, etiquette and culture. He was insistent that they must master the Japanese language, and he brought to Japan a European printing press, which turned out grammars and dictionaries for the missionaries, and works of instruction and devotion for the Japanese Christians. Following Valignano's death, Christianity was proscribed and missionaries banished from Japan. This does not detract from his remarkable achievements. He understood perfectly well that foreign missionaries by themselves were not capable of converting Japan to Christianity, and one of his principal concerns was the training of Japanese Jesuits and priests, and breaking down the barriers between them and the Europeans. Few people have ever been more acutely aware of, or grappled more determinedly with, problems in Japanese-Western relationships.

European Printing Museums

European Printing Museums

European Printing Museums

European Printing Museums